The current study examined two methods of language sampling (interview and the Dixit Method) in early adolescents with typical language development. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the two procedures in eliciting lexical diversity in spoken language samples in the early adolescent population. To examine lexical diversity, traditional methods of analysis (type token ratio, average type token ratio, and mean length of utterance) were applied. However, because literature historically alludes to flaws in these traditional methods, the researchers also applied an ecological approach to analysis of lexical diversity proposed by Scott Jarvis (2013). Student participants (n = 22) in the sixth grade (11:0 -12:11 years of age) were recruited through a local middle school. Both methods of language sampling were compared in a within-subject design for diversity of spoken language samples by applying the previously mentioned analysis procedures. The data was evaluated using a pairedsamples two-tailed t test. Although the sample size was small, evidence from this study indicates the Dixit Method provides a more holistic view of lexical diversity than the traditional method by considering six ecological components that are reflected in typical language use.

Objective: To examine sleep and wake disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their impact on recovery of cognition, communication and mood. Research Design: This three-manuscript thesis comprises an introduction to sleep in the context of human function and development. It is followed by a systematic review of the literature pertaining to sleep and wake disorders following TBI, and then explores the relationship between sleep and arousal disturbance and functional recovery of cognitive-communication through a single case study, pre–post intervention. Finally, a larger study longitudinally explores the impact of treatment to optimize sleep and wakefulness on recovery of cognition, communication and mood through objective and subjective measures, pre-post intervention. The thesis concludes with a chapter that addresses the implications of findings for rehabilitation from the perspective of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and a presentation of future research directions for the field Methods: The first manuscript involved a systematic review and rating of the quality of evidence. The second manuscript involved the evaluation of sleep and wakefulness by objective measures, and longitudinally by self-report through the Daily Cognitive-Communication and Sleep Profile (DCCASP, © Wiseman-Hakes 2008, see Appendix S). Cognitive-communication abilities were also measured by the DCCASP. The third manuscript utilized a single case series and cohort design to evaluate sleep and wakefulness, and to examine cognition, communication and mood at baseline and following optimization of sleep and wakefulness. Results: For Manuscript One, 43 articles were reviewed for levels and quality of evidence across 5 domains: epidemiology, pathophysiology, neuropsychological implications, intervention and paediatrics. In Manuscript Two, we showed that there was a statistically and functionally significant relationship between perceived quality of sleep and language processing, attention and memory, seen across the phases of the intervention. In Manuscript Three, we showed that there were statistically and functionally significant improvements across several domains of cognition, communication and mood in response to treatment. Conclusions: Sleep and wake disorders after TBI are pervasive, and can negatively impact rehabilitation and recovery. There is a need for systematic evaluation and intervention for these disorders in all persons with TBI.

Objective: To examine sleep and wake disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their impact on recovery of cognition, communication and mood. Research Design: This three-manuscript thesis comprises an introduction to sleep in the context of human function and development. It is followed by a systematic review of the literature pertaining to sleep and wake disorders following TBI, and then explores the relationship between sleep and arousal disturbance and functional recovery of cognitive-communication through a single case study, pre–post intervention. Finally, a larger study longitudinally explores the impact of treatment to optimize sleep and wakefulness on recovery of cognition, communication and mood through objective and subjective measures, pre-post intervention. The thesis concludes with a chapter that addresses the implications of findings for rehabilitation from the perspective of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and a presentation of future research directions for the field Methods: The first manuscript involved a systematic review and rating of the quality of evidence. The second manuscript involved the evaluation of sleep and wakefulness by objective measures, and longitudinally by self-report through the Daily Cognitive-Communication and Sleep Profile (DCCASP, © Wiseman-Hakes 2008, see Appendix S). Cognitive-communication abilities were also measured by the DCCASP. The third manuscript utilized a single case series and cohort design to evaluate sleep and wakefulness, and to examine cognition, communication and mood at baseline and following optimization of sleep and wakefulness. Results: For Manuscript One, 43 articles were reviewed for levels and quality of evidence across 5 domains: epidemiology, pathophysiology, neuropsychological implications, intervention and paediatrics. In Manuscript Two, we showed that there was a statistically and functionally significant relationship between perceived quality of sleep and language processing, attention and memory, seen across the phases of the intervention. In Manuscript Three, we showed that there were statistically and functionally significant improvements across several domains of cognition, communication and mood in response to treatment. Conclusions: Sleep and wake disorders after TBI are pervasive, and can negatively impact rehabilitation and recovery. There is a need for systematic evaluation and intervention for these disorders in all persons with TBI.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1982.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1982.

Submitted by TAMIRES SOARES MOREIRA null (tamirescleto@hotmail.com) on 2016-05-24T02:57:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_pós defesa_versão impressão.pdf: 3515357 bytes, checksum: 7c312c342a25c96d9a0057b520360bd0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-30T13:32:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_ts_me_mar.pdf: 3515357 bytes, checksum: 7c312c342a25c96d9a0057b520360bd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-30T13:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_ts_me_mar.pdf: 3515357 bytes, checksum: 7c312c342a25c96d9a0057b520360bd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A Comunicação Humana envolve habilidades de recepção (entrada) e expressão (saída) da linguagem, que o indivíduo desenvolve, sejam elas relativas à fala, à escrita ou por meio de gestos. A avaliação da comunicação humana tem por objetivo levantar hipóteses diagnósticas e pode ser feita com o uso de testes padronizados. O Preschool Language Assessment Instrument – Second Edition (PLAI-2) é um instrumento norte-americano recém-traduzido e adaptado para o Português Brasileiro. Trata-se de um teste formal, utilizado para avaliar habilidades comunicativas em nível de recepção e expressão de crianças em idade pré-escolar. As habilidades comunicativas do PLAI-2 estão de acordo com quatro níveis de habilidade comunicativa: (1) escolha, que é a habilidade comunicativa mais elementar, somente vinculada a objetos tangíveis; (2) análise seletiva, item em que a criança deve responder a aspectos mais seletivos mediante uma situação controlada; (3) análise perceptual, que exige que a criança resista aos demais componentes e responda de acordo com as suas experiências o que está de acordo com a ordem solicitada; (4) raciocínio, que é a habilidade mais complexa da habilidade comunicativa e corresponde ao que a criança pensa sobre o que poderia, pode ou que aconteceria diante de determinadas condições. Este estudo teve como objetivos (1) verificar o desempenho de crianças com distúrbios de comunicação na versão brasileira do PLAI-2 e comparar com o desempenho de crianças com desenvolvimento típico; (2) verificar se a versão brasileira do PLAI-2 discrimina crianças com Transtorno de Linguagem de outras crianças com demais distúrbios da comunicação; (3) verificar se a versão brasileira do PLAI-2 diferencia graus de comprometimentos dos Distúrbios de linguagem. Participaram deste estudo 52 crianças com Distúrbios da Comunicação (23 com transtorno de linguagem, 24 com transtorno fonológico, 2 com gagueira e 3 com alteração de motricidade orofacial) e 104 crianças do grupo comparativo, com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste estatístico. Os resultados da comparação entre o grupo de Distúrbios da Comunicação ao grupo comparativo indicaram que as crianças com Distúrbios da Comunicação apresentaram desempenho abaixo quando comparado ao grupo comparativo com diferenças estatisticamente significantes na maioria dos itens e subitens do PLAI-2, em todos os grupos etários. Na comparação entre os subgrupos amostrais, os resultados mostraram que crianças com Transtorno de Linguagem, apresentaram escores abaixo em todos os itens e subitens do teste, quando comparadas a crianças que apresentam outros transtornos, como o Transtorno fonológico, a Gagueira e as Alterações de Motricidade Orofacial. Quanto ao grau de comprometimento, os resultados apontaram para uma correlação positiva entre o grau de comprometimento atribuído na avaliação clínica e o grau do comprometimento de linguagem do PLAI-2, em crianças com Transtorno de Linguagem. Após a análise dos resultados, foi possível concluir que (1) crianças com Distúrbios da Comunicação apresentaram, no PLAI-2, desempenho abaixo quando comparados ao desempenho de crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem; (2) a versão brasileira do PLAI-2 foi capaz de discriminar o desempenho de crianças com Transtorno de Linguagem de crianças com outros transtornos (Transtorno Fonológico, Gagueira e Alterações de Motricidade Orofacial); (3) a versão brasileira do PLAI-2 diferenciou graus de comprometimento dos quadros de Transtorno de linguagem. / The Human Communication involves receiving skills (input) and expression (output) of language, the individual develops these skills, whether spoken, written or through gestures. The assessment of human communication aims to raise diagnostic hypotheses, and can be done with the use of standardized tests. The Preschool Language Assessment Instrument - Second Edition (PLAI-2) is an American instrument newly translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. This is a formal test used to assess communication skills in both inbound and expression of children in preschool age. The PLAI-2 communication skills according to four levels of communication skills:(1) choice, which is the most basic communication skills, only linked to tangible objects; (2) selective analysis item in which the child must answer more selective aspects through a controlled situation; (3) perceptual analysis, which requires the child to resist other components and respond according to their experiences which is in accordance with the order being requested; (4) reasoning, which is the most complex skill of communicative ability and corresponds to what the child thinks about what might, could or would happen before certain conditions. This study aimed to (1) verify the performance of children with communication disorders in the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 and compare the performance of children with typical development; (2) verify that the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 discriminates children with language disorder of other children with other communication disorders; (3) verify that the Brazilian version PLAI-2 different degrees of impairment of language disorders. The study included 52 children with communication disorders (23 with language disorder, 24 with phonological disorders, stuttering with two and three changes of orofacial motor skills) and 104 children in the comparison group, with typical language development. The data were analyzed using the statistical test. The results of the comparison between the Communication Disorders group the comparison group, indicated that children with communication disorders performed below when compared to the comparison group with statistically significant differences in most of the items and sub-items of PLAI-2 in all groups age. Comparing the sample subgroups, the results showed that children with language disorder, with scores below on all items and test sub-items, compared to children with other disorders such as phonological disorder, Stuttering and Change Motricity orofacial. As for the degree of commitment, the results point to a positive correlation between the degree of commitment given in the clinical evaluation and the degree of language impairment of PLAI-2 in children with language disorder. After analyzing the results it was concluded that (1) children with communication disorders presented performance PLAI-2 below when compared to the performance of children with typical language development; (2) the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 was able to discriminate the performance of children with Language Disorder of children with other disorders (Phonological Disorder, Stuttering and Orofacial Motricity changes); and (3) the Brazilian version of PLAI-2, differentiated degrees of impairment of language disorder frames. / FAPESP: 2014/07551-5

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-08T17:07:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2253977 bytes, checksum: e292b88e216aa27ff4e3629e11b75a1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T17:07:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2253977 bytes, checksum: e292b88e216aa27ff4e3629e11b75a1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados às alterações da comunicação nas vítimas de acidente de transporte terrestre, no momento do atendimento pré-hospitalar no município do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo seccional, onde foram analisados os prontuários das vítimas de acidentes de transporte terrestre atendidas pelo SAMU-Recife, entre junho/2013 e julho/2014. Foram calculadas as prevalências das variáveis dependentes. O Teste Qui-Quadrado e o Teste Exato de Fisher selecionaram as variáveis associadas ao desfecho, considerado significante p < 0,05. Para a seleção das variáveis para a análise multivariada, foi considerada significância ≤ 0,20. Como resultados, foram elaborados dois artigos: uma revisão sistemática como parte da fundamentação teórica e um artigo original que estudou 4.298 vítimas, a maioria homens (75,3%) entre 20 a 29 anos (58%). Foram identificadas as prevalências para ausência de resposta verbal e dificuldade de fala de 4,11% e 3,14%, respectivamente. Observadas associação de ausência de resposta verbal e dificuldade de fala em motociclistas e ciclistas, que não usavam capacete, com agitação psicomotora, lesões de face, dispneia, obstrução de vias aéreas e que ingeriram bebida alcóolica. A medida da prevalência das alterações da comunicação em vítimas de acidente de transporte terrestre e os fatores associados encontrados foram considerados relevantes por ser, até então, desconhecidos pela comunidade científica, sendo necessário que os serviços de atendimento pré-hospitalar, hospitalar e de reabilitação estejam preparados para avaliar e atender essas vítimas. / The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with the communication changes in land transport accident victims at the time of pre-hospital care in the city of Recife. This is a cross-sectional study, which analyzed the medical records of victims of road accidents attended by the SAMU-Recife, between June / 2013 and July / 2014. The prevalence of the dependent variables was calculated. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test selected variables associated with the outcome, considered significant p <0.05. For the selection of variables for multivariate analysis, significance was ≤ 0.20. As a result, two articles were prepared: a systematic review as part of the theoretical foundation and an original article that studied 4.298 victims, mostly men (75.3%) between 20 to 29 years (58%). Prevalence were identified for lack of verbal response and speech difficulties of 4,11% and 3,14% respectively. Observed association of lack of verbal response and speech difficulties for motorcyclists and cyclists who wore no helmet, with psychomotor agitation, face injuries, dyspnea, airway obstruction and drank alcoholic beverages. As the prevalence of communication changes in land transport accident victims and the associated factors were considered relevant by being hitherto unknown to the scientific community, it is necessary that the pre-hospital care, hospital and rehabilitation services are prepared to assess and address these victims.

Objetivo: Caracterizar e analisar os aspectos psicossociais e familiares de indivíduos com e sem distúrbios da comunicação decorrentes da fissura labiopalatina. Modelo: Estudo descritivo e comparativo de dois grupos: GI - com distúrbios da comunicação decorrentes da disfunção velofaríngea, alterações dento-oclusais e/ou atrasos no desenvolvimento da fala e GII - indivíduos sem distúrbios da comunicação. Local: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais - Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru. Participantes: 38 indivíduos distribuídos: GI - 20 e GII - 18; acima de 4 anos participantes do “Projeto Flórida”, com fissura transforame unilateral, sem outras deficiências e/ou anomalias associadas. Intervenções: Análise documental e entrevista abordando questões sobre estratificação social, histórico e dinâmica familiar, relações sociais de indivíduos e família, tratamento reabilitador e recursos organizacionais e comunitários. Resultados/Conclusão: Não foram constatadas relações significativas entre os resultados pós tratamento no que se refere a fala e a condição socioeconômica dos pacientes. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os aspectos psicossociais e familiares entre os grupos com e sem distúrbios exceto no cotidiano escolar de uma minoria de pacientes (com distúrbios). Embora algumas categorias não apresentaram significância estatística, todas se configuraram como expressivas, e determinantes para o conhecimento qualitativo dos aspectos psicossociais e familiares e para a atuação da equipe de reabilitação que, com sua visão de totalidade, busca com os pais e a sociedade, a inclusão social do paciente. / Objetive: To characterize and analyze the psychosocial and familiar aspects of individuals with and without communication disorders related to cleft lip and palate. Design: Descriptive and comparative study of two groups: GI – group of individuals with communication disorders related to velopharyngeal dysfunction, dento-occlusal alterations and/or delays in speech development, and GII - group of individuals without communication disorders. Research Site: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. Participants: 38 individuals distributed into two groups (GI: N=20 and GII: N=18); all participants were at least four years of age and were enrolled in the “Florida Project”, presenting with unilateral transforame cleft not associated to other malformations or anomalies. Methods: Interview and data analysis focusing on socioeconomic status, family dynamics and history, individuals and family social relationship, care and management of anomaly and support community resources. Results/Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the socioeconomic status between children with and without communication disorders. There were no significant differences in the psychosocial and familiar aspects between children with and without communication disorders except regarding school routine which was distinct for a minority in the group with communication disorders. Even though some of the aspects studied did not show significant, the findings provided qualitative information regarding the psychosocial and familiar aspects supporting team management in a search for patient’s inclusion in a partnership with the parents and the community.

A demência é uma síndrome caracterizada pelo declínio de memória e déficit cognitivo que influenciam no desempenho social do indivíduo. É uma junção de sinais e sintomas que culminam em uma deterioração crônica, e em geral progressiva do funcionamento do intelecto, da personalidade e da comunicação. Entre os principais tipos de demência encontra-se a demência do tipo Alzheimer, a demência vascular, a demência com corpos de Lewy e a demência frontotemporal. Independentemente do tipo de demência, um dos seus primeiros indícios é o comprometimento da memória, maior dificuldade de atenção e concentração, perda de habilidades intelectivas, desorientação espaço-temporal, mudanças no comportamento, no humor e na personalidade. Além destas alterações, conforme a doença evolui, o paciente pode apresentar dificuldades para se alimentar e deglutir, e é função do fonoaudiólogo intervir nos distúrbios de memória, fala e deglutição. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo confeccionar uma cartilha de orientações fonoaudiológicas, relacionadas à linguagem e à deglutição, aos cuidadores e/ou familiares de pacientes com demência. Teve como base as dúvidas mais frequentemente encontradas sobre as manifestações fonoaudiológicas apresentadas no questionário que foi aplicado aos cuidadores e/ou familiares dos pacientes com problemas neurológicos, assim como a contribuição de achados teóricos. / Dementia is a syndrome that is characterized by the decline in memory and cognitive deficits that influence the social performance of an individual. It is a combination of signs and symptoms that culminate in a chronic deterioration, and generally progressive operation of intellect, personality and the communication of an individual. Among the main types of dementia is the dementia of Alzheimer, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. Whatever the type of dementia, the first signs are memory impairment, increased difficulty of attention and concentration, loss of skills intellect, spatial-temporal disorientation, changes in behavior, mood and in personality. In addition to these changes, as the disease progresses, patients may find it difficult to get food and swallow. This is a function of the speech pathologist involved in the disturbances of memory, speech and swallowing. The study aimed was to manufacture a book of guidelines that speech therapists, related to language and swallowing, to caregivers and / or relatives of patients with dementia. It was based on the questions most frequently found on the demonstrations phonoaudiologicals presented in the questionnaire that was applied to caregivers and / or relatives of patients with neurological problems, as well as the contribution of theoretical findings.