Magister Public Health - MPH / Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) kills up to 25% of its patients and about one third of its survivors develop neurological impairments (NIs). With advancements in diagnostic and management techniques for CM, more children are likely to survive. The increase in the number of CM survivors may increase the prevalence of children with NIs. In Malawi, rehabilitation for children with NIs is mostly institution-based with erratic community-outreach services, resulting in poor long-term outcomes. To date, community-based rehabilitation (CBR), a comprehensive rehabilitation approach that also addresses socio-economic impact of NIs and may supplement institution-based rehabilitation services, has not been well explored and documented. Presented here are experiences and perceptions on CBR programmes for NIs following CM in Blantyre, Malawi.

The study investigated the experiences of formal caregivers within a community setting, and the emotional experiences of the individual caregiver. There is insufficient research into the subjective experiences and perceived role of the formal caregiver, as previous studies have concentrated on quantifying the role of the family or informal caregiver. Eleven interviews were conducted with participants from a community-based palliative care institution. The interviews explored areas of interest that surround caregiving, considering both the positive and negative factors that caregivers consider influential within the emotional experience, as well as the role of a formal caregiver. The study investigated the emotional challenges, motivations, support mechanisms and the perceived effectiveness of the coping strategies employed. The data was analysed through thematic content analysis, allowing for the selection of the most salient themes and subthemes, which converged around notions of caregiving and the positive and the negative elements within the caregiving experience of formal caregivers. The data was considered in relation to an interpretative phenomenological perspective, which allowed for the contextualisation and interpretation of the knowledge obtained through the study, and the augmentation of this knowledge with the knowledge already existing in the field of caregiving. The themes were able to provide an understanding of how caregivers construct their role as a formal caregiver, in comparison to the informal caregiver, and their perception of the importance of formal knowledge within caregiving. The themes also provided an understanding of the coping mechanisms and the contextual factors that interrelate with a caregiver’s ability to manage the difficulties within caregiving and their emotional reactions. These findings illustrated that community-based caregiving, although subject to significantly more stressors, also has significant positive aspects that could be fostered to operate as protective mechanisms.

Student Number : 0500819P - MSc dissertation - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environment Studies - Faculty of Science / The research assesses the impacts of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and tourism upon community livelihoods, local behaviour and wildlife conservation. The research aims to analyze whether CBNRM is working as it is intended as well as to assess the socio-economic status of the community in terms of whether the CBNRM project has influenced their livelihoods for the better, than when the project was non-existent. The research findings indicate that CBNRM projects can deliver in terms of improvement of rural local community’s livelihoods and natural resources management. However, a lack of understanding of the CBNRM concept, lack of entrepreneurships and managerial skills, poor participation by general membership, poor distribution of the income benefits and lack of consultation to the project’s community membership by the project management are some of the constraints and challenges that emerge from the case study of the Nata Bird Sanctuary CBNRM project.

This study examines the process and implementation of a conservation project in Chimanimani locality, a remote rural area located in Sussundenga district in the central province of Manica. The Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area Project, as the Project became known, was one of the conservation area projects established in three provinces of Mozambique (Maputo, Gaza and Manica1) in the years following the civil conflict. In essence the Chimanimani Project was framed to enhance environmental sustainability of the targeted areas and contribute to poverty reduction through sustainable use of local natural resources. Accordingly, it was seen as a way of improving the overall quality of life of the targeted communities. The study analyses the Project efforts of utilizing the synergies between conservation and community development in rural areas where income-earning opportunities are limited. The research has focused on two of the five Chimanimani communities (Nhaedzi and Moribane) and brings to the fore evidences of the factors that have affected either positively or negatively the success of the Project.

Like many American Indian tribes, the Coquille Indian Tribe of Oregon has endured long struggles to preserve its cultural traditions despite the impacts of colonization. Now, advancing climate change poses additional threats to indigenous ways of life. In recent decades, the Coquille have archived historical documents and photographs as a means to protect and assert their tribal sovereignty. There has also been a surge in photography within the Tribe to document contemporary tribal activities. Community photography may be a useful tool for the purpose of asserting tribal culture and self-determination in the face of a changing climate. Photovoice, a type of community photography in which photographs are combined with oral descriptions, may be particularly well suited for tribal purposes. This collaboration explores the value of community photography in general, and photovoice in particular, when used by the Coquille Indian Tribe in the context of climate change.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Pinheiro Lima.pdf: 957603 bytes, checksum: e7354554f464ba7abda34a86d31d75c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / Neonatal hearing screening (NHS) aims to identify, as early as possible, the hearing loss in newborns and infants. Two main approaches can be adopted in achieving NHS: in the hospital before discharge, and soon after birth, and when this is not possible, in an outpatient setting, after hospital discharge. Outpatient NHS is adopted mainly in countries where the number of births in hospitals is small, in rural areas, or when there is not a sufficient organization to perform NHS in hospitals. In a country like Brazil, it is important to be able to study the possibility of holding the NHS in an outpatient setting, it s efficiency and effectiveness, and quality indicators in our reality full of economic, health, educational and cultural diversities.Objective: To study the results described in the literature on neonatal hearing screening (NHS) in context outpatient through an integrative review.Method: Integrative review.Search Strategy: Databases: MEDLINE, SciELO, lilac'S and SCOPUS. Selection and inclusion of studies: articles describing the NHS in neonates and infants up to three months of age; which included the site of the NHS; who specified age the day of NHS; who described the tests used and its stages; articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish.Results: It was identified 487 references that met the inclusion criteria. After removal of duplicate studies (83) leaving 404 references, analyzed through the titles and abstracts. Of this total, 292 were excluded because they are research with another theme. Thus, 112 references were selected for reading in reading. Of this total, 70 references were excluded. Of these 42 references were selected for addressing the issue, but 27 references were excluded for not answered any of the guiding questions and address a specific theme. Thus references 15 met all inclusion criteria. Of the 15 selected references 10 refer only to the results of the a outpatient Newborn Hearing Screening five reading to screening systematically held between the neonatal hearing screening in the hospital and outpatient model. The Primary care clinic was the most used room for outpatient approach followed by Health Unit Centers. All studies used the OAE for the test and retest. Conclusion: Few studies describing the outpatient NHS, with reliable and appropriate methodology; The NHS is feasible to perform, especially in primary care, but depends on the organization of the local health system. The age of The outpatient NHS vary between the fourth and 56 day of life of the infant and the prevalence of hearing loss observed in outpatient NHS range from 1.5 to 5.96 / 1000 / A triagem auditiva neonatal (TAN) tem por finalidade a identificação, o mais precoce possível, da deficiência auditiva em neonatos e lactentes. Duas abordagens principais podem ser adotas na realização da TAN: no ambiente hospitalar antes da alta, e logo após o nascimento, e quando esta não é possível, em ambiente ambulatorial, após a alta hospitalar. A TAN ambulatorial é adotada principalmente em países onde o número de nascimentos em hospitais é pequeno, em áreas rurais, ou quando ainda não há uma organização suficiente para a realização da mesma em hospitais. Num país como o Brasil, é importante que se possa estudar a possibilidade da realização da TAN em ambiente ambulatorial, sua eficiência e eficácia, e indicadores de qualidade em nossa realidade repleta de diversidades econômicas, sanitárias, educacionais e culturais. Objetivo: Estudar os resultados descritos na literatura sobre Triagem auditiva neonatal (TAN) em contexto ambulatorial por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Método: Revisão integrativa. Estratégia de busca: Bases de dados: MEDLINE, SCieLO, LILAc S e SCOPUS. Seleção e inclusão dos estudos: artigos que descrevem a TAN em neonatos e lactentes de até três meses de idade; que incluíram o local de realização da TAN; que especificaram idade da realização da TAN; que descreveram os testes utilizados e suas etapas; artigos em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Foram identificada 487 referências que atendiam os critérios de inclusão. Após a remoção dos estudos duplicados (83), restaram 404 referências, analisadas por meio dos títulos e resumos. Deste total, 292 foram excluídos por se tratarem de pesquisas com outro tema. Desta forma, 112 referências foram selecionadas, para leitura na íntegra. Deste total, 70 referências foram excluídas. Destas 42 referências foram selecionadas por tratarem do tema, porém 27 referências foram excluídas por não responderam nenhuma das perguntas norteadoras e por abordar uma temática específica. Assim 15 referências preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão. Das 15 referências selecionadas 10 referem apenas aos resultados da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Ambulatorial e cinco referentes à triagem realizada sistematicamente entre a triagem auditiva neonatal realizada no modelo hospitalar e ambulatorial. A clínica de Imunização Infantil foi o ambiente mais utilizado para abordagem ambulatorial seguido de Centros de Unidade Básica de Saúde UBS. Todos os estudos utilizaram as EOAE para o teste e reteste. Conclusão: Poucos estudos que descrevem a TAN ambulatorial, com resultados confiáveis e de metodologia adequada; A TAN é viável de ser realizada, principalmente na Atenção Básica, mas depende da organização do Sistema de Saúde local. A idade de realização da TAN ambulatorial variam entre o quarto e o 56º dia de vida do lactente e a prevalência de perda auditiva observada na TAN ambulatorial variam de 1,5 a 5.96/1000

Urban First Nations and Inuit older adults are aging in a Western-centric sociopolitical environment that is experiencing significant social change due to population aging and urbanization. Consequently, urban communities are facing increasing pressures to respond to the needs of the growing older adult population. As a result of these pressures, older adults are urged to “age well” to reduce their “burden” on society; however, older adults do not all define aging well in the same way and they do not all have the same opportunities to age well. Through my research, I aimed to address a gap in the academic literature concerning urban-dwelling First Nations and Inuit older adults and aging well. Ultimately, my goal was to identify how First Nations and Inuit older adults living in Ottawa could be supported to age well in ways that reflect their urban Indigenous identities, cultural perspectives, and life course. My specific research questions are four-fold: 1) Are Indigenous older adults marginalized through dominant aging well frameworks?; 2) how do community-dwelling First Nations and Inuit older adults (aged 55 years and over) living in Ottawa, Canada, define and negotiate aging well in an urban environment?; 3) what community-level factors contribute to First Nations and Inuit older adults (aged 55 years and over) feeling supported to age well in the city of Ottawa?; and 4) how do community stakeholders in Ottawa produce understandings of supporting urban Indigenous older adults to age well? Informed by a postcolonial theoretical framework, I conducted this research using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) methodology in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, in partnerships with the Odawa Native Friendship Centre and Tungasuvvingat Inuit. To address my research questions, I conducted semi-structured interviews with nine First Nations older adults, focus groups with 23 Inuit older adults, and photovoice with two First Nations older adults. Additionally, I conducted 13 semi-structured interviews with community stakeholders (i.e., decision-makers and service providers. My doctoral research makes novel contributions to the fields of kinesiology and gerontology by expanding postcolonial theory to issues related to aging research with urban Indigenous older adults; contributing to the emerging literature that brings diverse perspectives into conversations on aging well; challenging assumptions related to urban Indigenous populations and aging well; illustrating the tensions within aging well initiatives that intended to be available for all older adults; and revealing the tensions within efforts to address reconciliation with Indigenous older adults.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-07-31T15:14:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cíntia Raquel Soares Pinheiro.pdf: 4644109 bytes, checksum: 713c15fec90b3f7ebcd806351efcb3f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T15:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cíntia Raquel Soares Pinheiro.pdf: 4644109 bytes, checksum: 713c15fec90b3f7ebcd806351efcb3f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / CAPES / Thinking about the development of a sector of the global economy committed to social, economic, political and environmental issues should be based on ethical principles. Therefore, developing tourism in a locality must respect the traditions and identity of the local community. Based on the mentioned aspects, the object of study is Ilha dos Lençóis, located in the archipelago of Maiaú, which has 70% of its area composed of white sand dunes. The island belongs to the municipality of Cururupu, located in the Amazonian part of the State of Maranhão, in the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the Maranhão Reentrâncias,has about 560 hectares and 14 kilometers of perimeter, of mangroves and the rest of beaches, being the only form of access by sea. These characteristics were the basis of the project "Community Based Tourism on the Ilha dos Lençóis in the Cururupu Marine Extractivist Reserve", developed by the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Associada a Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais (CNPT) of the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) and financially supported by the United Nations Development Program (PNUD) through PNUD call BRA / 08/023. In this sense, the present dissertation had the objective of analyzing this experience in course since the year 2011 in the Ilha dos Lençóis. A qualitative approach was carried out and the instruments used were the application of questionnaires to the community and interviews scripted with public managers and local leaders. In order to reach the complexity of the object of study, the strategy of triangulation of methods was finally accomplished. Throughout the composition of the work, we sought to understand the approach to theory and what actually takes place in practice, given that community-based tourism should be promoted and managed by the community itself, with the support of public and private spheres . / Pensar no desenvolvimento de um setor da economia global comprometido com as questões sociais, econômicas, políticas e ambientais, deve basear-se em princípios éticos. Sendo assim, desenvolver o turismo numa localidade deve respeitar as tradições e identidade da comunidade local. Mediante os aspectos citados, tem-se como objeto de estudo a Ilha dos Lençóis, localizada no arquipélago de Maiaú, que possui 70% de sua área composta por dunas de areia branca. A ilha pertence ao município de Cururupu, situado na parte amazônica do Estado do Maranhão, na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) das Reentrâncias Maranhenses, possui cerca de 560 hectares e 14 quilômetros de perímetro, dos quais um terço constitui-se de manguezais e o restante de praias, sendo a única forma de acesso por via marítima. Tais características fundamentaram o projeto “Turismo de Base Comunitária na Ilha dos Lençóis na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Cururupu”, desenvolvido pelo Centro Nacional de de Pesquisa e Conservação da Sociobiodiversidade Associada a Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais (CNPT) do Instituto Chico Mendes da Convervação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) e amparado financeiramente pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) através do edital PNUD BRA/08/023. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação teve por objetivo analisar essa experiência em curso desde o ano 2011 na Ilha dos Lençóis. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e os instrumentos utilizados foram a aplicação de questionários junto a comunidade e entrevistas roteirizadas com os gestores públicos e lideranças locais. Com vista a alcançar com maior profundidade a complexidade do objeto de estudo, realizou-se, por fim, a estratégia de triangulação de métodos. Procurou-se compreender, ao longo da composição do trabalho, a aproximação entre a teoria e o que efetivamente ocorre na prática, haja vista que o Turismo de Base Comunitária deve ser promovido e gerenciado pela própria comunidade, com o apoio das esferas públicas e privadas.

The songwriting process, inspiration to song, can take many forms. This project explores a highly structured approach, using themes derived from reported individual experience to direct the creation of musical ends addressing common experience.

The risk factors associated with intergenerational transmission of poverty have been well established within Family Science literature for decades. Multiple efforts have been extended at the community level to meet needs, however, few have been successful in breaking the cycle of poverty within families. In 2007, local civic leaders spent two years studying and comparing the efforts of surrounding service organizations and their impact on the multigenerational cycle of poverty in a metropolitan city in South Georgia. In 2011, findings lead to the creation of a unique family life education program that engaged families residing in inner-city neighborhoods to help family members with parenting skills. The design of the program focuses on helping families create safe, language-rich, interactive family environments for their children. The intention of this program is to enable family members to effectively serve as their children’s first teachers and prepare their preschool children for entry into kindergarten, however this program has also begun to impacted the community through the creation of leadership tracks for attendees who have shifted from learner to leader. With each year, participants lead the way to adding program elements, such as transportation, baby showers, and vision screening, to reach the needs of the community members and increase enrollment. This presentation will highlight the family-centric education model and data summary to date. Trust- and rapport-building along with empowering families and ultimately impacting the whole community will be emphasized as agents of change. This presentation will also include an overview of the history of this program and will discuss its unique attributes that has brought together people from across the community. The guiding principles of trust and respect among participants are central to all discussions, which has been found to be critical for the success of a program (Wiley & Ebata, 2004; Ballard & Taylor, 2012). This presentation will provide direction on how to empower participants by strengthening their voice in the program planning process. Insight into how this program can be replicated in areas across the United States will be discussed. In Fall 2017, an analysis and summary of previously collected data began and additional methodologies were added to better understand the quantifiable impact of the program thus far. Preliminary data analyses on participation revealed that from August 2013 to Summer 2017, which included more than 50 Saturday trainings, totaled 2,890 attendees. Each Saturday training averaged 60 learners with this increasing across time. The data collected in Fall 2017 provided more in-depth demographic information as well as more consistent pre-post evaluations of each training session. Data will be discussed to provide interesting insights into participant learning and the unique population being served. Data from the pilot through Fall 2017 will be presented confirming that through targeted outreach and resources, communities can be empowered.