Thesis (LLD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of this study is the rights-based normative overlap of labour and administrative law in public employment. As the judiciary appeared to be unable to agree on a unified approach to the application of the rights to fair labour practices and just administrative action to public employment, it was clear that the complexity and multi-dimensional character of the debate required analysis of existing approaches to the regulation of the public employment relationship. The following initial research question was formulated: To what extent does (and should) the constitutionalised rights to fair labour practices (s 23) and just administrative action (s 33) simultaneously find application in the regulation of public employment relationships? In answering this question, certain realities had to be acknowledged, the most important being that the debate in question jurisprudentially revealed itself to be a jurisdictional turf-war between the Labour and High Courts, rather than proper consideration of the relevant substantive arguments and underlying normative considerations. This called for an additional dimension to be added to the research question, namely consideration of the extent to which the ss 23 and 33 rights are informed by variable and possibly different normative principles and whether these rights allow for cooperative regulation of public employment in accordance with the doctrine of interdependent fundamental rights. This became the primary focus of the study. In an attempt to simplify the debate, a deliberate decision was taken to limit the scope of the normative study to South Africa with its own historic influences, structures and constitutional considerations. The study shows that both labour and administrative law (as constitutionally informed) share concern for equity-based principles. This is evident from the flexible contextually informed perspectives of administrative law reasonableness in relation to labour law substantive fairness, as well as a shared concern for and approach to procedural fairness. Once simplified, and in the absence of any undue positive law complexity, the public employment relationship, at both a normative and theoretical level, furthermore shows no substantive status difference with private employment relationships. It is, however, accepted that there are job and sector-specific contextual differences. In the absence of substantive normative conflict between these branches of law and in the absence of a fundamental (as opposed to contextual) difference between public and private employment, there appears to be no reason to ignore the constitutional jurisprudential calls for hybridity, otherwise termed the doctrine of interdependence. The idea of normatively interdependent rights expresses the Constitution’s transformative vision (through the idea of flexible conceptual contextualism) and recognises that human rights may overlap. This also means that where such overlap exists, rights should be interpreted and applied in a mutually supportive and cooperative manner that allows for the full protection and promotion of those rights. In giving expression to the interdependent normative framework of constitutional rights, these norms (absent any substantive rights-based conflict) should then be used by the judiciary as an interpretative tool to align specific labour law and general administrative law in the regulation of public employment relationships. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie studie is die regsgebaseerde normatiewe oorvleueling van arbeids- en administratiefreg in die openbare diensverhouding. Aangesien dit blyk dat die regsbank nie kon saamstem oor ‘n eenvormige benadering tot die toepassing van die regte op billike arbeidspraktyke en regverdige administratiewe optrede op die openbare diensverhouding nie, het die kompleksiteit en multi-dimensionele karakter van die debat dit genoodsaak om bestaande benaderings tot die regulering van die openbare diensverhouding te analiseer. In die lig hiervan is die volgende aanvanklike navorsingsvraag geformuleer: Tot watter mate vind die grondwetlik neergelegde regte tot billike arbeidspraktyke (a 23) en regmatige administratiewe optrede (a 33) gelykmatig toepassing in die regulering van die openbare diensverhouding en tot watter mate hoort die regte gelykmatig toepassing te vind? In antwoord op die vraag is sekere realiteite geïdentifiseer, waarvan die belangrikste is dat die debat in die regspraak grootliks neergekom het op ‘n jurisdiksionele magstryd tussen die Arbeids- en Hooggeregshowe, eerder as werklike oorweging van die relevante substantiewe argumente en onderliggende normatiewe oorwegings. Dit het die byvoeging van ’n verdere dimensie tot die navorsingsvraag genoodsaak, naamlik oorweging van die mate waartoe die aa 23 en 33 regte deur buigsame en moontlik verskillende normatiewe beginsels beïnvloed word, en ook of hierdie regte ruimte laat vir mederegulering van die openbare diensverhouding in terme van die leerstuk van interafhanklikheid van fundamentele regte? Laasgenoemde het die primêre fokus van die studie geword. In ‘n poging om die debat te vereenvoudig, is doelbewus besluit om die strekking van die normatiewe studie te beperk tot Suid-Afrika, met eiesoortige historiese invloede, strukture en grondwetlike oorwegings. Soos die normatiewe studie ontvou het, wys die studie dat beide arbeids- en administratiefreg (soos grondwetlik beïnvloed) ‘n gemeenskaplike belang in billikheids-gebaseerde beginsels openbaar. Daar is ‘n versoenbaarheid tussen die kontekstueel beïnvloedbare en buigsame redelikheidsperspetief van die administratiefreg, soos gesien in vergelyking met substantiewe billikheid in die arbeidsreg. Voorts heg beide die arbeids- en administratiefreg ‘n gemeenskaplike waarde aan, en volg beide ‘n gemeenskaplike benadering tot, prosedurele billikheid. Terselfdertyd, en in die afwesigheid van onnodige positiefregtelike kompleksiteit, blyk daar op beide ‘n normatiewe en teoretiese vlak geen substantiewe verskil in status tussen die openbare diensverhouding en die privaat diensverhouding te wees nie. Dit word egter aanvaar dat daar wel werk- en sektor-spesifieke kontekstuele verskille bestaan. In die afwesigheid van substantiewe normatiewe konflik tussen die twee vertakkinge van die reg en in die afwesigheid van ‘n fundamentele (in vergelyking met kontekstuele) verskil tussen diensverhoudings in die openbare en privaatsektore, blyk daar geen rede te wees om die grondwetlike jurisprudensiële vereiste van hibriditeit, ook genoem die leerstuk van die interafhanklikheid van grondwetlike regte, te ignoreer nie. Die idee van normatiewe interafhanklike regte gee uitdrukking aan die Grondwet se visie van transformasie (via die idee van buigsame konsepsuele kontekstualisme) en erken dat menseregte soms oorvleuel. Dit beteken ook dat waar so ‘n oorvleueling bestaan, regte ïnterpreteer en toegepas moet word in ‘n wedersyds ondersteunende en samewerkende wyse wat voorsiening maak vir die volle beskerming en bevordering van daardie regte. Erkenning van die interafhanklike normatiewe raamwerk van grondwetlike regte hoort daartoe te lei dat die regsbank daardie norme (in die afwesigheid van regsgebaseerde konflik) as interpretasie-hulpmiddel gebruik om die spesifieke arbeidsreg met die algemene administratiefreg te versoen in die regulering van die openbare diensverhouding.

The work is concerned with the comparison of the assurance instruments anchored in the law environment of the Czech Republic. The work is dealing with the importance of the assurance instruments and sets up its own criterions of efficiency used for the main comparison. The following chapters analyze individual reinsurance tools such as lien, right of retention, warranty, bank warranty, penal clause, conveyance of title and recognition of engagements. The most important aspects of the efficiency are the substance of reinsurance instruments, their law power, their area of application, their economic efficiency and some aspects regarding time delays. The last chapter compares all of these assurance tools according to the above mentioned criterions.

Methodological Problems of Comparative Law Summary From the end of the Second World War the comparative law is constantly growing. Growth of the comparative law was enabled, but also forced, by escalating globalization. Development of an information and communications technology in the past decades growth of the comparative law only accelerate. On this aggressive growth the comparative law wasn't prepared, which led to perversion of its content, subversion of its method and establishment of Feyerabend's methodological anarchism, which to this day under the slogan "anything goes" reigns over the comparative law. This thesis is an attempt to create order in the comparative law. We don't do that for the comparative law, or because of the current state of the discipline, but because of our own interest in application of the comparative method in the legal science. In the first section of this thesis we propose a working definition of comparative law. In the second section of this thesis we focus on the structure of comparative method: on the structural elements which compose the comparative method. In the third section of this thesis we focus on the composition of comparative method: on the compositional elements by which are the structural elements of the comparative method integrated into the complete whole....

Die Zahl der Scheidungen nimmt sowie in Deutschland als auch in Korea zu. Das heißt, es wird für mehr Menschen wichtig, mit welchen finanziellen und anderen Folgen ein geschiedenes Paar zu rechnen hat. Sehr oft ist die Ehefrau in einer sozial schlechteren Position, weil sie wenige Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt hat als der Mann und weil sie sich um die Kinder kümmert. Die Gesetze hinsiehtlich der Scheidungsfolgen wurden in Deutschland genauer ausgearbeitet als in Korea. In Korea sind sie häufiger Ermessensentscheidungen des Gerichts als in Deutschland. Drei wichtige finanzielle Möglichkeiten im deutschen Recht sind Zugewinnausgleich, der nacheheliche Unterhaltsanspruch und der Versorgungsausgleich. Zwei wichtige finanziellen Möglichkeiten im koreanischen Recht sind der Vermögensteilungsanspruch und der Schmerzensgeldanspruch. Das Rechtssystem von beiden Länder sind unterschiedlich. Ein Unterschied zwischen Deutschland und Korea ist, daß der Ausgleich der Rentenversorgung in Deutschland eine wichtige Scheidungsfolge ist und in Korea wenig entwickelt ist. Die unterschiedlichen Rechtssysteme werden verglichen. / The number of divorces increases both in Germany and in Korea. That means that it is important for a larger number of people to know what financial and other consequences a divorced couple have to face. Very often the wife is in a socially worse situation, because she has fewer job opportunities and she cares for the children. The law of consequences after a divorce is more exactly worked out in Germany than in Korea. In Korea it is more often a matter of opinion of the court than in Germany. Three important financial possibilities in Germany are equalization of the surplus, maintenance after divorce and equalization of the pension. Two important financial possibilities in Korea are claim of propertyshares and claim of damages for pain and suffering. Both systems of law are different. A difference between Germany and Korea is that in Germany the equalization of the pension ist very important and not worked out in Korea. I compare both the German and Korean law system.

This thesis provides the reader with a comparative study of the termination of employment as a result of the state of health of the employee. The compared legal systems are the legal system of the Czech Republic, Austria and Italy. For better understanding of the topic of the thesis, the Austrian and Italian system of sources of law related to the topic and the categories of employees distinguished under Austrian and Italian law are briefly described. Statistical data concerning the topic of the thesis (e.g. the number of work accidents in the three countries per year) are provided as well. Based on the extent of the thesis, the historical development of legal regulation is not analysed. The structure of the chapter is based on the legal institutes, which are always described in relation to all of the three states in one chapter. The thesis is based on the method of comparative analysis. Especially in relation to the Italian legal system, notes concerning the translation of the texts of laws are involved, because the legal institutes do not always correspond with the labour law of the Czech Republic. The sources used for the creation of this thesis were published in German, Italian, English and Czech. The sources of labour law of Austria and Italy are briefly described and analysed. The first...