Med utgångspunkt i den livliga debatt som fördes kring bonusutbetalningar i samband med finanskrisen och det skadade förtroende för rörliga ersättningar den resulterade i syftar denna studie till att undersöka hur man idag återskapar legitima rörliga ersättningssystem. Studien ämnar även svara på frågan varför organisationer, trots stora kostnader, väljer att använda sig av rörliga ersättningssystem. Med agentteorin och nyinstitutionell teori som referensramar genomfördes en kvalitativ undersökning vilken bestod av sex semi-strukturerade expertintervjuer. Tre av dessa intervjuer genomfördes med representanter för tre olika organisationer, två av intervjuerna gjordes med oberoende konsulter som specialiserat sig på utformning av rörliga ersättningssystem och slutligen intervjuades en jurist som arbetar med föreskrifter gällande rörlig ersättning inom den finansiella sektorn. Analys av intervjuerna hanterades med etnografisk kvalitativ metodik som utgångspunkt för att skapa ett kodschema kopplat till vår teori. Två analysmodeller användes sedermera på de koder vi fick fram: Den komparativa analysen och den idealtypcentrerade analysen. I studien framkommer att organisationer alltmer använder sig av transparenta system för sina rörliga ersättningar i syfte att legitimera dessa. Alltfler anställda tenderar även att innefattas i det rörliga ersättningssystemet, oberoende av vilken befattning och funktion de har i organisationen, detta för att skapa en större acceptans för systemet. Resultatet visar att det dock fortfarande finns en klick anställda som i många fall står utanför de nyskapade rörliga ersättningssystemen: den högsta ledningen. Vidare finner vi i studien att organisationer använder rörliga ersättningssystem som en styrteknik; i och med att de kopplat ersättning till måluppfyllnad skapas en acceptans för systemet och ifrågasättande av de uppsatta målen minskar. / Based on the lively debate on bonus payments that took place due to the financial and damaged the trust for variable compensation systems, this study aims to answer the question of how to recover legitimate variable compensation for this present day. The study also intends to answer the question of why organizations, despite great expense, choose to use variable compensation systems. Using the New Institutional theory and the Agency theory as frameworks, a qualitative study is performed consisting of six semi-structured expert interviews. Three of these interviews were conducted with representatives of the three organizations, two of the interviews were conducted by independent consultants specializing in the design of variable compensation systems and the last interview was conducted with an expert on variable compensation in the financial sector. The analysis of the interviews was performed with an ethnographic quantitative methodology as a basis to create a coding scheme linked to the proposed theories. From this approach, the interviews were narrowed down to codes which were then analyzed with two different analytical models: the comparative analysis and the ideal type centered. The study shows that organizations tend to increasingly exceed the transparency in the compensation system in order to legitimize them. In addition, variable compensation systems tend to include a greater number of employees, at various levels and functions within the organization, with the purpose of creating a greater acceptance of the system. Despite this, there are still a group of employees which, to some extent, are outside the system: the top management and directors. Furthermore, this study finds that organizations tend use variable compensation as a control technique, due to the connection between compensation and performance that creates an acceptance of the system and decreases the questioning of goal-setting.

How would you feel if after having spent many years incarcerated for a crime that you did not commit and when finally you are released to a broken life where there is nobody to respond effectively to all the damages that you have and that you will continue to endure due to an unfortunate miscarriage of justice? In Canada, compensation for wrongful convictions is a legal issue which has yet to find a solution for those who the government has denied to pay compensation for and the damages such wrongful conviction brought to their lives. This thesis will analyze the legal problem of compensation for wrongful convictions in Canada from a tort law perspective and will present an alternative to the existing regime to serve justice to those who have been victims of miscarriages of justice.

How would you feel if after having spent many years incarcerated for a crime that you did not commit and when finally you are released to a broken life where there is nobody to respond effectively to all the damages that you have and that you will continue to endure due to an unfortunate miscarriage of justice? In Canada, compensation for wrongful convictions is a legal issue which has yet to find a solution for those who the government has denied to pay compensation for and the damages such wrongful conviction brought to their lives. This thesis will analyze the legal problem of compensation for wrongful convictions in Canada from a tort law perspective and will present an alternative to the existing regime to serve justice to those who have been victims of miscarriages of justice.

Electricity systems are very complex systems and are composed of numerous transmission lines, generators and loads. The generating stations are generally far away from load centres and that may cause transmission line congestion and overloading. Series capacitive compensation is the most economical way to increase transmission capacity and improve transient stability of transmission grids. However, one of the impeding factors for the widespread use of series capacitive compensation is the potential risk of Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR). Subsynchronous Resonance is a phenomenon in which electrical power is exchanged with the generator shaft system in an increasing manner which may result in damage to the turbine generator shaft system. Therefore, mitigating SSR continues to be a subject of research and development aiming at developing effective SSR countermeasures.<p>This research work presents new methods of alleviating the SSR problem using a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). These methods are based on using the SSSC and STATCOM to inject unbalanced series quadrature voltages and unbalanced shunt reactive currents in transmission line just after clearing faults. When the subsynchronous oscillations drive unsymmetrical phase currents, the developed electromagnetic torque will be lower than the condition when the three-phase currents are symmetrical. The unsymmetrical currents result in a lower coupling strength between the mechanical and the electrical system at asynchronous oscillations. Therefore, the energy exchange between the electrical and the mechanical systems at subsynchronous oscillations will be suppressed, thus, avoiding the build-up of torsional stresses on the generator shaft systems under subsynchronous resonance condition. The validity of proposed methods are demonstrated by time simulation results using the electromagnetic transient program EMTP-RV.

The purpose of this study was to examine the total direct costs of occupational injuries as they relate to workers compensation allocations within a self-insured firm. Through the use of a model, this study provides financial impact information for safety professionals by defining the total direct costs of occupational injuries. The investigator constructed a model which traced actual workers compensation allocations over a five year period at a division of Hewlett-Packard in Corvallis, Oregon. The objective of this model was to compare actual workers compensation cost history with that of adjusted workers compensation cost data to determine the total direct costs that occupational injuries have on the division's workers compensation cost allocations. This study indicated that injuries produce cost impacts to divisions well beyond the injury compensation costs reported by insurance carrier payment summaries. The study at this specific Hewlett-Packard division in Oregon indicated total costs at 1.7 to 1.9 times the actual cost of workers compensation reimbursements. This study supports the need to continue research efforts that will further refine the identification of total injury costs and the impact these losses have on the business performance of a company. / Graduation date: 1993

Switching mode DC/DC converters are critical building blocks in portable devices and hence their power efficiency, accuracy and cost are a major issue. The primary focus of this thesis is to address these critical issues.This thesis focuses on the different methods of feedback control loop which are employed in the switching mode DC/DC converters such as voltage mode control and current mode control. It also discusses about the structure of buck converter and tries to find an efficient solution for stepping-down the DC voltage level in ultra-low power applications. Based on this analysis, a 20 MHz voltage mode DC/DC buck converter with an on-chip compensated error amplifier in 65 nm CMOS process is designed and implemented.The power efficiency has been improved by sizing the power switches to have a low parasitic output and gate capacitances to reduce the capacitive and gate-drive losses. Also the error amplifier biasing current is chosen a small value (12.5 μA) to reduce the power dissipations in the control loop of the system. The maximum 84% power efficiency is achieved at 1.1 V to 500 mV conversion, above 81% efficiency can be achieved at load current from 0.5 mA to 1.26 mA. Due to wide bandwidth error amplifier and proper compensation network the fast transient response with settling time around 45 μs is achieved.

Critics often cite poor executive compensation schemes as one of the leading causes of the recent credit crisis. This paper investigates whether compensation structures at the end of the 2006 fiscal year created incentives for Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) in the oil industry to take on excessive risk, which subsequently may have lead to weaker firm performance during the crisis. I find no evidence to support the argument that higher pay sensitivity through option and other incentive awards lead to worse firm performance. In fact, results do not provide any evidence that company performance during the crisis was related to CEO incentives.

This paper studies a sample of CEOs from companies listed in the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1992 to 2010, and confirms the theory that board members rely more heavily on firm performance measures for turnover and compensation decisions when less is known about the CEO’s ability. In this paper, I make two contributions to the literature. First, I confirm the empirical findings of literature with a new data set showing that the effect of firm performance on CEO turnover declines over a CEO's tenure. Second, I introduce a new tool, the relationship between CEO compensation and firm performance, for testing the effects of CEO tenure on board member decisions. The evidence indicates that the relationship between firm performance and CEO compensation declines over a CEO's tenure. Collectively, the results of this paper support the theory that board members gradually learn the CEO's ability over his tenure, therefore their decisions for turnover and compensation depend more on firm performance for a new CEO.

The Say on Pay vote, part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act signed into law by Barack Obama in July 2010, is a non-binding vote that either approves or disapproves of the compensation given to Named Executive Officers. As of June 21, 2012, there have been 103 companies that have failed to reach 50% approval in this vote. For this paper I analyze the 103 companies over event windows of two, four, and ten days around the date of the failure to test for statistically significant abnormal stock market returns. None of the average cumulative abnormal returns for the three event windows are significant at any level, and I find no evidence that failing the Say on Pay vote corresponds to an increase or decrease in stock market returns.

The lower Churchill River has been an important travel route for people living in its vicinity for a long period of time. Churchillians’ have used it for subsistence harvesting, as their potable water source and as a place of recreation and relaxation. Previous research has documented the importance of the Churchill River to the residents and has explored how the Churchill River Diversion affected the community of Churchill (Boothroyd, 1992; 2000; Four Directions Consulting Group, 1994; 1995). The purpose of this project was to identify how Churchill residents used the lower Churchill River (from 1970 to 2006), recognizing three distinct periods of time. Twenty interviews were conducted with former or current long-term residents of Churchill, as well as two interviews with experts on issues concerning the lower Churchill River. Many interviewees stated that additional negotiations and measures are required before they deem the mitigation compensation package from Manitoba Hydro to be adequate considering the impact of the diversion on the residents of Churchill. / October 2007