Endoparasitoids of herbivorous lepidopterans have intimate relationships with their host species as well as the plant on which their host develops. Characteristics of both hosts and plants can affect parasitoid success in tri-trophic systems and thus, drive diversification. Genetic differentiation was estimated for Cotesia congregata (Say) collected from two distinct host-plant complexes, Manduca sexta L. on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Ceratomia catalpae, (Haworth) on catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides Walker), in the mid-Atlantic region of North America using seven microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial COI locus. Microsatellite allele frequencies were differentiated based on host-plant complex, and COI haplotypes from individuals on the same host-plant were identical despite geographic distances between catalpa sites of up to 830 km and distances between tobacco sites of up to 294 km. Results indicate genetic differentiation of subpopulations of C. congregata based on host-plant complex and not geographic distance, and were designated as host races. Cotesia congregata is a gregarious parasitoid, meaning that many individuals develop in a single host larva. Superparasitism, or repeated egg-laying events in the same host larva, is likely to occur in gregarious species. Brood size was not a good predictor of superparasitism in C. congregata, but within-brood male allele diversity indicates either superparasitism or multiple mating by female wasps.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cartografias_da_Alegria.pdf: 958980 bytes, checksum: aa379b0e13699e161928b286c178cb53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work seeks to englobe Joy in a clinical situation and in literature. In its writing we sought to reconstruct fragments of clinical cases presented throughout a decade in several places and institutions. It has also sought to redeem a series of literary fragments, which in this way or the other, has maintained a curious proximity to the cases mentioned. The dissertation reveals this same joy, in the clinic and in critique, in four specific lines of work which compose a unique architectural structure. In the first one, there is a relation with the intensive that transforms a clinic in a space for the metamorphosis of sensations into intense vibrations. In the second one, joy appears situated in its relation to time and duration. However, in the third line of work, joy is formulated as strength and the expression of this same strength. And, in the last one we show how pain and suffering constitutes a plan conducive to joy, albeit, pain and suffering as material in a clinic, however accosted of this perspective. The conceptual research carried out in an attempt to deal with the problems was made from the encounter with the thoughts of several authors, especially Nietzsche, Espinosa and Blanchot, and mainly Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The strategy used consisted of the minute research into clinical cases and literary short stories, the elaboration of a thought surrounding the theme joy and the careful note-taking of concepts with the persistent concern about the writing and the actual production of the paper. Concerning the procedures involved in the elaboration of the dissertation, a procedure that contemplates its own ethics, we reassure it was done with utmost joy. / O presente trabalho procura dar conta da Alegria na clínica e na literatura. Sua escrita buscou reconstituir fragmentos de casos clínicos atendidos ao longo de uma década em diversos locais e instituições. Buscou também resgatar uma série de fragmentos literários, que de uma maneira ou de outra, guardam uma curiosa proximidade com os casos referidos. A dissertação revela essa mesma alegria, na clínica e na crítica, em quatro vertentes de trabalho a compor sua singular arquitetura. Na primeira, as relações com o intensivo transformando a clínica em um espaço de metamorfose das sensações em vibrações intensivas. Na segunda, a alegria aparece situada em suas relações com a temporalidade e a duração. Já na terceira vertente, a alegria é formulada enquanto potência e expressão dessa mesma potência. E na última, mostramos como a dor e o sofrimento configuram planos compossíveis para a alegria, ou seja, dor e sofrimento como matérias de uma clínica, porém abordadas desta perspectiva. A pesquisa conceitual realizada na tentativa de lidar com os problemas levantados fez-se a partir do encontro com o pensamento de vários autores. Especialmente, Nietzsche, Espinosa, Blanchot, mas principalmente Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. As estratégias utilizadas consistiram do levantamento minucioso de casos clínicos e contos literários, da elaboração de um pensamento em torno da temática da alegria, e da anotação cuidadosa dos conceitos afins, não sem uma preocupação persistente com a escrita e o corpo do trabalho. Quanto ao procedimento de elaboração da dissertação, procedimento que contempla uma ética própria, também ele não se fez sem alegria.