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Comportamento de conectores de cisalhamento em vigas mistas aço-concreto com análise da resposta numérica / Behaviour of shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beams with numerical analysisGustavo Alves Tristão 25 April 2002 (has links)
As vigas mistas aço-concreto têm sido bastante utilizadas na engenharia civil, tanto no Brasil como no contexto mundial. O comportamento adequado deste elemento estrutural faz-se pela interação entre ambos os materiais, a qual é garantida por conectores de cisalhamento. O presente trabalho apresenta uma visão geral do comportamento das vigas mistas aço-concreto, e, principalmente o estudo do comportamento estrutural de conectores de cisalhamento. Para tanto, faz-se uma simulação numérica dos conectores tipo pino com cabeça (stud) e perfil U formado a frio, por meio de uma modelagem do ensaio experimental tipo Push-out, cujos resultados são confrontados com valores experimentais obtidos de ensaios realizados em laboratório. Para a simulação numérica utiliza-se um código de cálculo com base nos Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), cujas ferramentas disponibilizadas permitem análises dos modelos em regime de não-linearidade física e geométrica. Os modelos numéricos apresentam como variáveis de interesse o número de conectores na laje de concreto, a quantidade de armadura inserida no concreto, o diâmetro do conector tipo pino com cabeça (stud), a resistência do concreto, a espessura e posição de soldagem do conector tipo perfil U formado a frio. A variação desses parâmetros tem como finalidade a determinação da resistência última e da relação força-deslocamento dos conectores, bem como avaliar a concentração de tensão e deformação nas partes constituintes dos modelos / Composite steel-concrete beams have been used in civil engineering in Brazil as well other countries. A realistic determination of the behaviour of this structural element is estimated by considering the interaction between the two materials, which is safeguarded by providing shear connectors. The present research presents a general view of the behaviour of steel-concrete composite beams, and primarily the study of the behaviour of shear connectors. To meet this ends, a numerical analysis of stud bolt and cold formed U-channel under push-out test geometry was carried out and the results compared to experimental test results. The numerical analysis utilises a Finite Element Method (FEM) code that permits the analysis under non-linear material and geometric regimes. The main numerical variables in the study were the number of connectors used in the concrete plate, the quantity steel reinforcement, the diameter of stub bolt connector, concrete strength, the thickness and position of welding of the cold-formed U-channel. The main objective of varying these parameters was to determine the ultimate strength and the load-slip behaviour of the connectors as well as evaluate the stress and strain concentrations in certain parts that constitute the models
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Étude expérimentale des éléments structuraux multi-matériaux collés sollicités en flexion : effet du fluage, fatigue et durabilité / Experimental study of composite bonded structures : effect of creep, fatigue and durabilityTout, Firas 18 June 2014 (has links)
Ce travail porte sur la compréhension du comportement en flexion, statique instantané, en fatigue et en fluage des structures multi matériaux du génie civil, constituées d'acier et de béton et assemblées par un adhésif de type époxy. L'analyse et la résolution du problème posé se feront à deux échelles : au niveau de l'interface et à l'échelle d'un élément de structure. De plus, l'attention sera tout particulièrement portée sur le comportement au cours du temps (fluage, relaxation, retrait…), la fatigue et la durabilité sous différents environnements. La première étape consiste à mener une analyse expérimentale sur la caractérisation de la connexion acier-béton, à l'échelle de l'interface, en vue de repérer les principaux facteurs influençant leur comportement mécanique. Pour cela, L'essai push out, analogue à celui utilisé pour caractériser les connecteurs des ponts mixtes, a été plus particulièrement utilisé. Des essais de vieillissement accéléré par immersion dans un bain d'eau chaude ont été réalisés. Ils n'ont pas diminué la contrainte de cisaillement moyenne à rupture de façon significative mais ont en revanche modifié le mode de ruine qui devient mixte (adhésif et cohésif dans la colle). Cette modification est à la fois due au primaire et à l'adhésif lui-même dont les performances intrinsèques diminuent avec le vieillissement. A l'échelle d'un élément de structure, nous avons enrichi les données expérimentales existantes sur le comportement instantané des poutres mixtes acier-béton collées avec la réalisation de 7 essais de flexion avec deux modes de sollicitation (flexion 3 et 4 points). Ces essais nous donnent une base solide pour nos essais en fatigue et sous fluage. On constate que le mode de ruine est mieux prédit en se basant sur une comparaison entre la contrainte de cisaillement dans les poutres avec les contraintes de cisaillement limite déduites des essais push-out. Cette conclusion montre la pertinence des essais push-out dans l'objectif de les prendre comme critère de dimensionnement. Aussi, et contrairement aux travaux antérieurs, nous pouvons conclure que la contrainte moyenne de cisaillement à l'interface entre le béton et l'acier est supérieure à la résistance en traction du béton utilisé. Pour le comportement à long terme, trois poutres ont été testées sous charge cyclique pour plus de 2 million de cycles et à plusieurs niveaux de charge. Une autre poutre a subi une charge constante pendant 7 mois pour étudier l'influence de fluage sur ce type de structure. Après les essais de fatigue et fluage, le comportement des poutres est analogue à celui des poutres de référence. Nous avons toujours une ruine par rotule plastique et non par cisaillement du joint de colle ce qui confirme sa bonne résistance vis-à-vis ces deux phénomènes / This PhD thesis focuses on understanding the static, fatigue and creep behavior of composite-flexural members made of steel and concrete and assembled by adhesive epoxy. The analysis and resolution of the problem will be carried out at two levels: the interface and the structural element. In addition, attention will be particularly focused on the time-dependent behavior (creep, relaxation, shrinkage ...), fatigue and durability in various environments. The first step is to conduct an experimental analysis on the characterization of the steel-concrete connection in order to identify the main factors influencing their mechanical behavior. To do this, a Push-out test, similar to that used to characterize a steel-concrete element with studs, was especially used. An accelerated aging test, by immersion in a hot water bath, has been made. They have not decreased significantly τu but changed the failure mode which becomes mixed (adhesive and cohesive in the adhesive). This change is due to a decrease of the intrinsic performance of the primary and the adhesive with aging. From a structural point of view, we have improved the existing experimental data on the instantaneous behavior of steel-concrete bonded beams by performing seven beam tests with two modes of loading (3 and 4 point bending test). These tests give us a solid foundation for our fatigue and creep tests. It is found that the failure mode is better predicted based on a comparison between the shear stress in beams with shear limit provided by push-out tests. This finding indicates the relevance of the push-out tests as a design criterion. Also, unlike previous work, we can conclude that the average shear stress at the interface between the concrete and steel is greater than the tensile strength of the concrete used.For the long-term behavior, three beams were tested under cyclic loading for over 2 million cycles with several load levels. Another beam has been test with a constant load for 7 months to investigate the influence of creep on this type of structure. After fatigue and creep tests, the behavior of the beam is similar to that of reference beams. We have always a failure with plastic hinge and not a shear failure which confirms the good resistance of the adhesive joint in case of creep or fatigue
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Ocelová konstrukce vícepodlažní administrativní budovy / Steel structure of a multi-storey administrative buildingCejpek, Martin January 2018 (has links)
The main target is to design and asses the steel structure of a administartive multi-storey building. The steel structure is T shaped, with 30m span and 42m length. An analysis of two solutions of the supporting structure was performed. The first variant is consists of rigid bracing system. Trusses bracing in the second variant is an alternative solution. Both variants were compared and the amount of steel was found. The selected option was developed in greater details with static calculation, drawings and material report of steel.
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Obchodní a administrativní centrum / Trade and office centreLupač, Zbyněk January 2013 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with the structure design of steel frame of a storeyed building housing a shopping and administration centre in the area near Rokycany. The building consists of a truss cylinder tower structure with 11.165 m in diameter, nine storeys and the height of 33.3 m, connected to a rectangle part by means of a steel bridge structure 3.6 m long. The frame of the rectangular part, 26.8 m wide and 45 metres long, has three altitude levels with flat roofs, suitable and non-suitable for walking. The interior of the building is divided into two parts, connected at the outskirts, by a covered atrium. The design height is 3.7 m. The structure is designed of steel S235. The thesis contains the technical report, static calculation, outputs of a program, the record of the material and design documentation. Two versions were considered; the more convenient one is further processed.
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Železniční most přes místní silnici / Railway Bridge across Local RoadOlbert, Jan January 2016 (has links)
The thesis deals with the variant design of the steel structure of single-track railway bridge on the line Tišnov – Nové Město na Moravě. The task is bridging the local road by a bridge structure with one field. Length of the bridge is 40 m.
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Experimental Assessment of the Shear Resistant Behaviour of Precast Concrete Beams with Top Cast-in-Place Concrete SlabRueda García, Lisbel 27 June 2022 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] La construcción con elementos prefabricados de hormigón es un sector en alza por la aceleración del proceso constructivo, el ahorro de costes derivados de la obra in situ y la mejora de la calidad y acabados, entre otros. En la construcción prefabricada de estructuras de ingeniería civil como puentes y edificios es frecuente el empleo de vigas prefabricadas de hormigón. La construcción con estas vigas requiere el vertido de una capa de hormigón in situ sobre las mismas tras su emplazamiento, que sirve como elemento integrador para garantizar la unidad estructural. Los elementos estructurales que se obtienen de esta forma son conocidos como vigas compuestas de hormigón.
En vigas compuestas, aspectos como la resistencia a rasante de la interfaz entre hormigones han sido estudiados en numerosas publicaciones. No obstante, su comportamiento a cortante no ha sido, por el momento, analizado en profundidad. En consecuencia, existe muy poca información, tanto en la literatura existente como en los códigos de diseño actuales, acerca de la resistencia a cortante de estos elementos, de cómo influye la presencia de una interfaz entre los hormigones en la resistencia a cortante o de cómo contribuye la losa hormigonada in situ a dicha resistencia.
La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo estudiar la resistencia a cortante de vigas compuestas de hormigón. Para ello, se desarrolla un extenso programa experimental compuesto por vigas monolíticas y compuestas con y sin armadura transversal, con sección transversal rectangular o en forma de T y con hormigones de diferentes calidades en la viga prefabricada y en la losa hormigonada in situ. Se ensaya a cortante un total de 69 vigas de hormigón armado con el fin de analizar las diferentes variables de interés en la resistencia a cortante.
A partir de los resultados experimentales, se propone un modelo mecánico de predicción de la resistencia a cortante de vigas compuestas de hormigón con sección transversal rectangular y en forma de T, que también es de aplicación a vigas monolíticas en T.
Además, como apoyo al estudio experimental y al modelo mecánico, se modelan numéricamente algunos especímenes del programa experimental.
Con todo ello, se busca incrementar el estado actual del conocimiento en este campo, mediante el aporte de un gran número de resultados experimentales y el análisis de los parámetros de diseño, así como sentar las bases para el desarrollo de una formulación de diseño de estructuras compuestas y de evaluación de las ya existentes globalmente aceptada por la comunidad científica. / [CA] La construcció amb elements prefabricats de formigó és un sector en alça per l'acceleració del procés constructiu, l'estalvi de costos derivats de l'obra in situ i la millora de la qualitat i acabats, entre altres. En la construcció prefabricada d'estructures d'enginyeria civil com a ponts i edificis és freqüent l'ús de bigues prefabricades de formigó. La construcció amb aquestes bigues requereix l'abocament d'una capa de formigó in situ sobre les bigues després del seu emplaçament, que serveix com a element integrador per a garantir la unitat estructural. Els elements estructurals que s'obtenen d'aquesta forma són coneguts com a bigues compostes de formigó.
En bigues compostes, aspectes com la resistència a rasant de la interfície entre formigons han sigut estudiats en nombroses publicacions. No obstant això, el seu comportament a tallant no ha sigut, de moment, analitzat en profunditat. En conseqüència, existeix molt poca informació, tant en la literatura existent com en els codis de disseny actuals, sobre la resistència a tallant d'aquests elements, de com influeix la presència d'una interfície entre els formigons en la resistència a tallant o de com contribueix la llosa formigonada in situ a aquesta resistència.
La present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu estudiar la resistència a tallant de bigues compostes de formigó. Per a això, es desenvolupa un extens programa experimental compost per bigues monolítiques i compostes amb armadura transversal i sense, amb secció transversal rectangular o en forma de T i amb formigons de diferents qualitats en la biga prefabricada i en la llosa formigonada in situ. S'assaja a tallant un total de 69 bigues de formigó armat amb la finalitat d'analitzar les diferents variables d'interés en la resistència a tallant.
A partir dels resultats experimentals, es proposa un model mecànic de predicció de la resistència a tallant de bigues compostes de formigó amb secció transversal rectangular i en forma de T, que també és aplicable a bigues monolítiques en T.
A més, com a suport a l'estudi experimental i al model mecànic, es modelen numèricament alguns espècimens del programa experimental.
Amb tot això, es pretén incrementar l'estat actual del coneixement en aquest camp, mitjançant l'aportació d'un gran nombre de resultats experimentals i l'anàlisi dels paràmetres de disseny, així com establir les bases per al desenvolupament d'una formulació de disseny d'estructures compostes i d'avaluació de les ja existents globalment acceptada per la comunitat científica. / [EN] Construction with precast concrete elements is a booming sector due to the acceleration of the construction process, the saving of costs arising from the on-site construction and the quality and finish improvement, among others. Precast concrete beams are frequently used in the precast construction of civil engineering structures such as bridges and buildings. Construction with these beams requires the pouring of a cast-in-place concrete layer on top of the beams after their placement, which works as a unifying element to ensure structural integrity. Structural elements obtained in this way are known as concrete composite beams.
In composite beams, some aspects such as the shear strength of the interface between concretes have been studied in multiple publications. However, their shear behaviour has not yet been analysed in depth. Consequently, there is very little information, both in the existing literature and in current design codes, about the shear strength of these elements, how the presence of an interface between the concretes influences the shear strength or how the cast-in-place concrete slab contributes to the shear strength.
The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the shear strength of concrete composite beams. For this purpose, an extensive experimental programme is developed, consisting of monolithic and composite beams with and without transverse reinforcement, with rectangular or T-shaped cross-section and with concretes of different qualities in the precast beam and in the slab. A total of 69 reinforced concrete beams are tested under shear forces in order to analyse the different variables of interest in shear strength.
Based on the experimental results, a mechanical model for predicting the shear strength of concrete composite beams with rectangular and T-shaped cross-section is proposed, which is also applicable to monolithic T-beams.
In addition, to support the experimental study and the mechanical model, some specimens of the experimental programme are numerically modelled.
All in all, the aim is to improve the current state of knowledge in this field by providing a large number of experimental results and analysing the design parameters, as well as to lay the foundations for the development of a formulation for the design of existing structures and the assessment of existing ones that is globally accepted by the scientific community. / The present doctoral thesis would not have been possible without the
financial support of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Agencia
Estatal de Investigación (AEI) through Grants BIA2015-64672-C4-4-R and RTI2018-
099091-B-C21-AR, both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by
the “ERDF A way of making Europe”. I am thankful as well for their support
through Grant BES-2016-078010 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
and by the “ESF Investing in your future”. The project was also supported by the
Regional Government of Valencia through Project AICO/2018/250. And finally,
thanks to the Concrete Science and Technology University Institute (ICITECH) of
the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV; Spain) in which this research project
has been developed, and to our concrete supplier Caplansa. / Rueda García, L. (2022). Experimental Assessment of the Shear Resistant Behaviour of Precast Concrete Beams with Top Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/183594 / TESIS / Compendio
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Determination of AASHTO Bridge Design Parameters through Field Evaluation of the Rt. 601 Bridge: A Bridge Utilizing Strongwell 36 in. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Double Web Beams as the Main Load Carrying MembersRestrepo, Edgar Salom 18 December 2002 (has links)
The Route 601 Bridge in Sugar Grove, Virginia spans 39 ft over Dickey Creek. The Bridge is the first to use the Strongwell 36 in. fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) double web beam (DWB) in its superstructure. Replacement of the old bridge began in June 2001, and construction of the new bridge was completed in October 2001. The bridge was field tested in October 2001 and June 2002.
This thesis details the field evaluation of the Rt. 601 Bridge. Using mid span deflection and strain data from the October 2001 and June 2002 field tests, the primary goal of this research was to determine the following AASHTO bridge design parameters: wheel load distribution factor g, dynamic load allowance IM, and maximum deflection. The wheel load distribution factor was determined to be S/5, a dynamic load allowance was determined to be 0.30, and the maximum deflection of the bridge was L/1500. Deflection results were lower than the AASHTO L/800 limit. This discrepancy is attributed to partial composite action of the deck-to-girder connections, bearing restraint at the supports, and contribution of guardrail stiffness.
Secondary goals of this research were to quantify the effect of diaphragm removal on girder distribution factor, determine torsion and axial effects of the FRP girders, compare responses to multiple lane symmetrical loading to superimposed single lane response, and compare the field test results to a finite element and a finite difference model. It was found that diaphragm removal had a small effect on the wheel load distribution factor. Torsional and axial effects were small. The bridge response to multilane loading coincided with superimposed single lane truck passes, and curb-stiffening effects in a finite difference model improved the accuracy of modeling the Rt. 601 Bridge behavior. / Master of Science
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Determination of the Design Parameters for the Route 601 Bridge: A Bridge Containing the Strongwell 36 inch Hybrid Composite Double Web BeamWaldron, Christopher J. 09 August 2001 (has links)
The Route 601 Bridge spans 39 ft over Dickey Creek in Sugar Grove, VA and represents the first use of Strongwell's 36 in. double web beam (DWB) as the main load carrying members for a traffic bridge. The bridge was designed for AASHTO HS20-44 and AASHTO alternate military loading with a targeted deflection limit of L/800. For the preliminary design, conservative properties for the 36 in. DWB were assumed based on experience at Virginia Tech with Strongwell's 8 in. DWB used in the Tom's Creek Bridge. An elastic modulus (E) of 6,000 ksi and a shear stiffness (kGA) of 20,000 ksi-in2 were assumed and used with Timoshenko shear deformable beam theory to characterize the beams and determine the deflections.
This thesis details the experimental work conducted in conjunction with the design of the Route 601 Bridge, which had two goals. First, a deck-to-girder connection was tested to determine if a bolted connection could develop composite action between the girder and the deck. This connection was shown to provide a significant amount of composite action when used with the 8 in. DWB and a composite deck, but little or no composite action when used with the 36 in. DWB and a glue-laminated timber deck. Second, eleven 36 in. DWB's were tested to determine their stiffness properties (EI and kGA) to insure that these properties were above the values assumed in the preliminary design, and all the beams had stiffness properties that were close to or above the assumed values. The eleven beams were also proof tested to a moment equivalent to five times the service load moment to insure the safety of the Route 601 Bridge, and one beam was tested to failure to determine the failure mode and residual stiffness of the 36 in. DWB. Finally, based on these results eight beams were chosen for the Route 601 Bridge. / Master of Science
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Uma contribuição ao estudo das pontes em vigas mistas / A contribution to the study of composite steel-concrete bridges decksGutiérrez Klinsky, Gelafito Eduardo René 10 June 1999 (has links)
Este estudo fundamenta-se na análise numérica, via elementos finitos, de pontes em vigas mistas; considera-se a interação de todos os elementos que compõem a estrutura na transferência dos esforços até os apoios. Inicialmente apresenta-se um estado da arte sobre o projeto, execução e análise de pontes em vigas mistas, identificando as simplificações e deficiências existentes no cálculo destas estruturas. O estudo do comportamento estrutural de tabuleiros mistos foi abordado do ponto de vista tridimensional, sendo para isto modelados e analisados tabuleiros com 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 e 26 m. de vão mediante a utilização do programa ANSYS, versão 5.4. Foi estudada a influência que a presença de contraventamentos, espessura da laje, vão e posição da carga móvel na seção transversal exercem na distribuição de cargas nas vigas, sendo para isto considerado comportamento elástico-linear. Realizou-se também uma abordagem ao estudo da redundância estrutural de tabuleiros mistos considerando as não linearidades física e geométricas do conjunto. Foi verificado que tabuleiros sobre duas e quatro vigas mantêm o equilíbrio estático após que uma das vigas sofre fratura, sem experimentar grandes deslocamentos (inferiores ou ligeiramente superiores ao limite L/500). / This work is based in the numerical analysis, by finite elements, of bridge decks with composite beams; in this study the interaction of all the elements that compose the structure is considered in the transference of the efforts to the supports. lnitially, a state of the art on the design, construction and analysis of composite bridge decks is presented, identifying the simplifications adopted, lack of information at the present on the subject and aspects that need further studies on this bridges. The study of the structural behavior of composite bridge decks was approached from a three-dimensional point of view, modeling and analyzing composite decks with 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 m of span by using the software ANSYS, version 5.4. The influence that the bracing system, thickness of the slab, span and live load position on the deck, over the load distribution in the composite beams, considering linear-elastic behavior, was studied. An approach to the study of the structural redundancy of composite bridge decks was also made, considering the physical and geometric nonlinearities of the structure. lt was verified that decks consisting of two and four composite beams maintain the static equilibrium after the fracture of one of the beams, without large displacements (inferior or lightly superior to the limit L/500).
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Structural Health Monitoring Of Composite Helicopter Rotor BladesPawar, Prashant M 05 1900 (has links)
Helicopter rotor system operates in a highly dynamic and unsteady aerodynamic environment leading to severe vibratory loads on the rotor system. Repeated exposure to these severe loading conditions can induce damage in the composite rotor blade which may lead to a catastrophic failure. Therefore, an interest in the structural health monitoring (SHM) of the composite rotor blades has grown markedly in recent years. Two important issues are addressed in this thesis; (1) structural modeling and aeroelastic analysis of the damaged rotor blade and (2) development of a model based rotor health monitoring system. The effect of matrix cracking, the first failure mode in composites, is studied in detail for a circular section beam, box-beam and two-cell airfoil section beam. Later, the effects of further progressive damages such as debonding/delamination and fiber breakage are considered for a two-cell airfoil section beam representing a stiff-inplane helicopter rotor blade. It is found that the stiffness decreases rapidly in the initial phase of matrix cracking but becomes almost constant later as matrix crack saturation is reached. Due to matrix cracking, the bending and torsion stiffness losses at the point of matrix crack saturation are about 6-12 percent and about 25-30 percent, respectively. Due to debonding/delamination, the bending and torsion stiffness losses are about 6-8 percent and about 40-45 percent after matrix crack saturation, respectively. The stiffness loss due to fiber breakage is very rapid and leads to the final failure of the blade. An aeroelastic analysis is performed for the damaged composite rotor in forward flight and the numerically simulated results are used to develop an online health monitoring system. For fault detection, the variations in rotating frequencies, tip bending and torsion response, blade root loads and strains along the blade due to damage are investigated. It is found that peak-to-peak values of blade response and loads provide a good global damage indicator and result in considerable data reduction. Also, the shear strain is a useful indicator to predict local damage. The structural health monitoring system is developed using the physics based models to detect and locate damage from simulated noisy rotor system data. A genetic fuzzy system (GFS) developed for solving the inverse problem of detecting damage from noise contaminated measurements by hybridizing the best features of fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. Using the changes in structural measurements between the damaged and undamaged blade, a fuzzy system is generated and the rule-base and membership functions optimized by genetic algorithm. The GFS is demonstrated using frequency and mode shape based measurements for various beam type structures such as uniform cantilever beam, tapered beam and non-rotating helicopter blade. The GFS is further demonstrated for predicting the internal state of the composite structures using an example of a composite hollow circular beam with matrix cracking damage mode. Finally, the GFS is applied for online SHM of a rotor in forward flight. It is found that the GFS shows excellent robustness with noisy data, missing measurements and degrades gradually in the presence of faulty sensors/measurements. Furthermore, the GFS can be developed in an automated manner resulting in an optimal solution to the inverse problem of SHM. Finally, the stiffness degradation of the composite rotor blade is correlated to the life consumption of the rotor blade and issues related to damage prognosis are addressed.
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