<p> Nine rock samples from the mafic volcanics of Mamainse Point, Ontario were analysed for boron using Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) and Alpha-Track Imaging (ATI). The mean concentration of boron in these rocks was 7.85 ppm with a maximum concentration of 15.5 ppm and a minimum concentration of 4.21 ppm. The Mamainse Point samples are therefore enriched in boron relative to fresh basalts (~ 2 ppm B) but depleted relative to basalts altered on the seafloor (30 - 60 ppm B). From ATI the boron was found to be most highly concentrated in iron oxides, chlorite, stilpnomelane and microscopic fractures throughout the rock. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, quartz and calcite were all low in boron.</p> <p> These results led to the conclusion that the Mamainse Point Formation is of continental rather than marine origin. The addition of boron to the rock has resulted from penecontemporaneous burial and hydrothermal metamorphism in the zeolite and subgreenschist facies through the interaction of boron-bearing hydrothermal fluids. The source of the boron is thought to be from the surrounding Precambrian terrain (Canadian Shield), the lower continental crust and magmatic fluids associated with volcanism.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

The quality of drinking water effects not only human health, but also plays a decisive role in daily life. Although the Taiwan water corporation has improved water quality of Kaohsiung in recent years and most of the random testing results of the drinking water done by the EPB could meet the drinking water standards, many people still lack confidence in the tap water. This study (1) select 500 multi-unit residences from 11 districts in Kaohsiung and survey the water quality of the indirect water supply storage devices to understand the tap water quality of indirect water distribution network in Kaohsiung. (2) Aiming at the inhabitants living in multi-unit residences, a questionnaire about the satisfaction with the tap water in Kaohsiung is undergone by random sampling in order to understand the satisfaction with the tap water of the public. (3) The monitoring values of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) in tap water distributional network in four seasons from December 2006 to September 2007 are used to analysis the seasonal changes, the equal concentration distribution figure, and the ration of all kinds of compounds of the THMs to the total amounts. The results of above analyses can be offered to Taiwan Water Corporation to make improvement and as the references of following studies. The result of the survey of satisfaction shows that 47% people incline to use tap water as drinking water¡F53% people don¡¦t have confidence in tap water and choose to the bottled water from water stations as drinking water source. 49.1% people living in cluster housing in Kaohsiung consider the quality of tap water common¡F15.4% people are satisfied with the tap water quality and 35.7% people are not satisfied with it. The main reason is the old pipelines, and the secondary reason is about the distasteful water. Most people wish to renew old pipelines as soon as possible, and give priority to strictly control the tap water quality. The analysis result of THMs concentrations shows that the average value of THMs in each district is highest in spring and lowest in autumn, especially in Cianjhen, Siaogang, and Cijin districts. The THMs concentration distribution of Cianjhen district is higher in the spring and winter. The proportion of CHCl3 (chloroform) to total amount of THMs is the highest in the water supply network, and it is also the major source of THMs.

Yes / In the drying process of a can making industry, the drying efficiency of a thermal drying oven can be improved by adjusting the volumetric air flow rate of the blower. To maximize drying efficiency, an optimal flow rate is needed. Consequently, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to provide simulation according to the response of air velocity, air temperature and evaporated solvent concentration with respect to changes in volumetric air flow rate in the drying oven. An experimental study has been carried out to determine the evaporation rate of the solvent. To validate the models, the process data obtained from the CFD is compared with that obtained from actual data. In the accurate models, the simulation results demonstrate that the decrease in volumetric air flow rate provides no major discrepancy of the air velocity patterns in all dimensions and decreases the maximum temperature in the oven. Consequently, this decrease in volumetric air flow rate rapidly increases the evaporated solvent concentration in the beginning and then gradually decreases over the length of the oven. In addition, further reduction of the flow rate gives lower heat loss of the oven up to 83.67%. / The authors would like to thank The Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (PHD/0158/2550), The Institutional Research Grant (The Thailand Research Fund) (IRG 5780014) and Chulalongkorn University (Contract No. RES_57_411_21_076) for financial support to this work.

Yes / Self-aeration in open channel flows occurs owing to free surface air entrainment. Self-aeration development and fully cross-sectional distribution of air concentration are not thoroughly understood. In the present study, an analytical solution for the averaged cross-sectional air concentration in the gradually varying region is established using a simplified mechanism of free surface air entrainment. For a fully cross-sectional distribution of air concentration affected by the channel bottom, a model of a diffusion region without wall restraint is proposed, and two situations are classified based on averaged cross-sectional air concentration. Good agreement between measured data and calculations is obtained, and the computational accuracy of the air concentration distribution near the wall is improved. The results reveal that the channel slope determines the air entrainment quantity, while water flow discharge determines the self-aeration evolution distance. The solutions for the averaged cross-sectional air concentration and the effect of the bottom wall on air diffusion promote air–water flow applications in hydraulic engineering practices. / This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 51939007, 51979183]; Sichuan Province Science and Technology support program [grant number 2019JDTD0007].

In this study, radial solid density distributions in upward flowing water-feldspar mixtures through a concentric annulus were investigated. Local solid density measurements were performed at a test cross-section in the fully developed flow region of a concentric annulus, which is a part of a closed-loop system consisting of a head tank, a variable speed slurry pump, an orificemeter, a heat exchanger, an annulus, a temperature probe, and a drain line. The solid particles with mean diameters of 72 and 138 &amp / #61549 / m at two different feed solid concentrations of 1 and 2 % v/v were used in the prepared slurries. The dependent variables being local solid density, local mixture velocity, and axial frictional pressure drop along the test-section, an experimental work was performed to obtain the radial solid density profiles and axial pressure gradients at different operating conditions. To determine the local solid densities, a sampling probe was used. At the beginning, this probe was used as a pitot tube to measure the local velocities in the test cross-section. Making use of these data, local solid densities were measured with the same probe under isokinetic and nonisokinetic conditions to compare both. For this purpose, an isokinetic sampling unit was designed and constructed to withdraw the samples under isokinetic flow conditions, at which the sampling velocity in the probe equated to the true flow velocity in the annulus very closely. The required constant back-pressure was supplied by pressurized N2 gas to equate these velocities to each other. The amounts of solids in the slurry samples collected at seven different radial locations in the test area under isokinetic and non-isokinetic conditions were determined by the gravimetric method. Local solid densities showed more uniform trends at the feed solid concentration of 1% v/v than those at 2% v/v. Increasing the feed solid concentration and particle size changed the shape of these profiles. The obtained local solid densities were generally higher near the outer wall than those near the inner wall / this result was consistent with the literature. As a general trend, local solid densities showed a decreasing trend at around a dimensionless radial distance of &amp / #61548 / =0.4, where the slurry velocity profile had its maximum value. It was observed that the two-phase axial frictional pressure gradients along the test section in the fully developed flow region increased with increasing feed solid concentration and the particle size at a constant slurry flow rate. Isokinetic sampling results showed that the local solid densities increased consistently with the increasing slurry velocity at all radial distances in the annular gap, while this trend was not observed clearly in the non-isokinetic measurements. Also the variations of the local solid densities along the radial distance were more obvious in the isokinetic results while these variations were obscured under nonisokinetic conditions by the experimental error at a higher level.

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