O propósito desta dissertação é examinar os trabalhadores envolvidos na construção, manutenção e operação da Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil, focalizando especialmente a greve dos ferroviários ocorrida no ano de 1914. Questões relacionadas à composição da mão-de-obra tanto da construção como da operação da ferrovia e às condições de trabalho existentes são temas a serem examinados. O período de análise compreende os anos entre 1904, ano de formação da Companhia Noroeste, e 1917, quando ocorre a encampação da E. F. Bauru-Itapura pela União. A ferrovia Noroeste do Brasil, como se convencionou chamá-la desde seu surgimento, que liga as cidades de Bauru (SP) e Corumbá (MS), começou a ser construída em 1905, atingindo Porto Esperança (MS) no ano de 1914, quando completou 1.272 quilômetros de extensão. Ao cortar regiões ainda não ocupadas pelo homem branco, a Noroeste do Brasil foi a primeira ferrovia do estado de São Paulo a abrir novos territórios, ao contrário de suas antecessoras, que surgiram para auxiliar a produção cafeeira já existente. As dificuldades no processo de construção da ferrovia foram muitas. A travessia de áreas insalubres, úmidas e empestadas de mosquitos, a transposição de rios, a presença indígena na região, a dificuldade no recrutamento de trabalhadores, a ganância dos empreiteiros, além do método repressor da Companhia Noroeste com os seus empregados, fizeram desse processo um empreendimento complexo em todos os aspectos e, ao mesmo tempo, desafiador aos limites do homem. Até 1917, a Noroeste do Brasil era, na verdade, formada por duas estradas independentes e interligadas: pela E. F. Bauru-Itapura, privada, de propriedade dos acionistas da Companhia Noroeste; e pela E. F. Itapura-Corumbá, de propriedade da União. Em dezembro de 1917, a E. F. Bauru-Itapura foi encampada pela União, sendo, no ano seguinte, incorporada à E. F. Itapura-Corumbá, de modo que as duas passaram a ser denominadas de Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil. Entre 1918 e 1956, a ferrovia esteve sob a administração do governo federal. Em 1957, a Noroeste foi integrada à Rede Ferroviária Federal (RFFSA). / The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the workers involved in construction, maintenance and operation of the Noroeste do Brasil Railroad, focusing especially on the rail strike occurred in the year of 1914. Issues relating to the composition of the workforce - both the construction and operation of the rail and existing working conditions are themes to be examined. The period of analysis covers the years among 1904, year the Companhia Noroeste was formed, and 1917, when the purchase of E. F. Bauru-Itapura occurs by the Union. The Noroeste do Brasil Railroad, as it is known from its appearance, which connects the cities of Bauru (SP) and Corumbá (MS), began to be built in 1905, at Porto Esperança (MS) in the year 1914, when completed 1272 km in length. By crossing regions still not occupied by white men, the Noroeste do Brasil was the first railroad of the state to \"open\" new territories, unlike its predecessors, which appeared to help the coffee production that already existed. The difficulties in the construction of many railroads. The crossing of unhealthy areas, wet and stank of mosquitoes, the crossing of rivers, the indigenous presence in the region, the difficulty in recruiting workers, the greed of contractors, besides the repressive method of Companhia Noroeste with its employees, have made this process a complex undertaking in all aspects and at the same time, challenging to the limits of man. Until 1917, the Noroeste do Brasil was in fact formed by two independent and interconnected roads: by E. F. Bauru-Itapura, private, ownership of the shareholders of the Companhia Noroeste, and by E. F. Itapura-Corumbá, ownership of the Union. On December 1917, to E. F. Bauru-Itapura was purchased by the Union, and the following year, to the E. F. Itapura-Corumbá, so the two came to be called the Noroeste do Brasil Railroad. Between 1918 and 1956, the railroad was under the administration of the federal government. In 1957, the Noroeste was integrated to Federal Railway Network (RFFSA).

O propósito desta dissertação é examinar os trabalhadores envolvidos na construção, manutenção e operação da Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil, focalizando especialmente a greve dos ferroviários ocorrida no ano de 1914. Questões relacionadas à composição da mão-de-obra tanto da construção como da operação da ferrovia e às condições de trabalho existentes são temas a serem examinados. O período de análise compreende os anos entre 1904, ano de formação da Companhia Noroeste, e 1917, quando ocorre a encampação da E. F. Bauru-Itapura pela União. A ferrovia Noroeste do Brasil, como se convencionou chamá-la desde seu surgimento, que liga as cidades de Bauru (SP) e Corumbá (MS), começou a ser construída em 1905, atingindo Porto Esperança (MS) no ano de 1914, quando completou 1.272 quilômetros de extensão. Ao cortar regiões ainda não ocupadas pelo homem branco, a Noroeste do Brasil foi a primeira ferrovia do estado de São Paulo a abrir novos territórios, ao contrário de suas antecessoras, que surgiram para auxiliar a produção cafeeira já existente. As dificuldades no processo de construção da ferrovia foram muitas. A travessia de áreas insalubres, úmidas e empestadas de mosquitos, a transposição de rios, a presença indígena na região, a dificuldade no recrutamento de trabalhadores, a ganância dos empreiteiros, além do método repressor da Companhia Noroeste com os seus empregados, fizeram desse processo um empreendimento complexo em todos os aspectos e, ao mesmo tempo, desafiador aos limites do homem. Até 1917, a Noroeste do Brasil era, na verdade, formada por duas estradas independentes e interligadas: pela E. F. Bauru-Itapura, privada, de propriedade dos acionistas da Companhia Noroeste; e pela E. F. Itapura-Corumbá, de propriedade da União. Em dezembro de 1917, a E. F. Bauru-Itapura foi encampada pela União, sendo, no ano seguinte, incorporada à E. F. Itapura-Corumbá, de modo que as duas passaram a ser denominadas de Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil. Entre 1918 e 1956, a ferrovia esteve sob a administração do governo federal. Em 1957, a Noroeste foi integrada à Rede Ferroviária Federal (RFFSA). / The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the workers involved in construction, maintenance and operation of the Noroeste do Brasil Railroad, focusing especially on the rail strike occurred in the year of 1914. Issues relating to the composition of the workforce - both the construction and operation of the rail and existing working conditions are themes to be examined. The period of analysis covers the years among 1904, year the Companhia Noroeste was formed, and 1917, when the purchase of E. F. Bauru-Itapura occurs by the Union. The Noroeste do Brasil Railroad, as it is known from its appearance, which connects the cities of Bauru (SP) and Corumbá (MS), began to be built in 1905, at Porto Esperança (MS) in the year 1914, when completed 1272 km in length. By crossing regions still not occupied by white men, the Noroeste do Brasil was the first railroad of the state to \"open\" new territories, unlike its predecessors, which appeared to help the coffee production that already existed. The difficulties in the construction of many railroads. The crossing of unhealthy areas, wet and stank of mosquitoes, the crossing of rivers, the indigenous presence in the region, the difficulty in recruiting workers, the greed of contractors, besides the repressive method of Companhia Noroeste with its employees, have made this process a complex undertaking in all aspects and at the same time, challenging to the limits of man. Until 1917, the Noroeste do Brasil was in fact formed by two independent and interconnected roads: by E. F. Bauru-Itapura, private, ownership of the shareholders of the Companhia Noroeste, and by E. F. Itapura-Corumbá, ownership of the Union. On December 1917, to E. F. Bauru-Itapura was purchased by the Union, and the following year, to the E. F. Itapura-Corumbá, so the two came to be called the Noroeste do Brasil Railroad. Between 1918 and 1956, the railroad was under the administration of the federal government. In 1957, the Noroeste was integrated to Federal Railway Network (RFFSA).

Cette étude vise à évaluer les éléments facilitants et les barrières à l’implantation du programme d’éducation à la nutrition Camille, Antoine et l’archipel Ôlait, développé par les Producteurs laitiers du Canada (PLC), auprès d’enseignants du préscolaire provenant de six régions du Québec et ayant reçu un atelier de formation animé par une diététiste des PLC. Elle vise également à connaître le degré d’implantation et la fidélité du programme ainsi que son appréciation, son utilisation et sa pertinence. Après une moyenne de 5 mois d’implantation, un questionnaire auto-administré a été complété par 37 enseignants (N = 86, 43 %), dont 10 utilisateurs (27 %) et 27 non-utilisateurs (73 %). Puis, des groupes de discussion ont eu lieu avec 13 enseignants (N = 170, 8 %). En moyenne, 11,4 activités sur 30 ont été réalisées (38 %), dont 6,3 telles quelles (55 %) et 5,1 modifiées (45 %), et les enseignants ont rapporté avoir l’intention de refaire 6,1 activités (54 %). L’implantation du programme a été facilitée ou limitée par différentes caractéristiques des enseignants, par l’appréciation de son contenu et son format, par sa pertinence concernant les exigences pédagogiques au préscolaire, la réalité des élèves et des parents et les objectifs d’apprentissages en nutrition, par le milieu scolaire, familial et communautaire ainsi que par la crédibilité et le support des PLC. Plusieurs de ces facteurs sont à la fois des éléments facilitants et des barrières. Les résultats obtenus aideront à ajuster ce programme et guider le développement et l’évaluation de programmes similaires. / This study aims to assess the facilitating conditions and barriers to the implementation of Camille, Antoine et l’archipel Ôlait nutrition education program, develop by the Dairy Farmers of Canada (DFC), with preschool teachers, from six regions of Québec, who assisted a workshop delivered by a dietitian from DFC. It also seeks to know the degree of implementation and fidelity of the program and its assessment, its use and relevance. Following an average of five months of implementation, a self-administered questionnaire was completed by 37 teachers (N = 86, 43 %), 10 users (27 %) and 27 non-users (73 %). Then, focus groups were held with 13 teachers (N = 170, 8 %). On average, 11.4 out of 30 activities have been carried out (38 %), including 6.3 as planned (55 %) and 5.1 modified (45 %), and teachers reported that it intends to repeat 6.1 activities (54 %). Implementation of the program was facilitated or limited by various characteristics of teachers, the assessment of its content and its format, its relevance to the educational requirements for preschool, the reality of pupils and their parents and objectives in nutrition learning, at school, in their family and community as well as the credibility and support of the DFC. Many of those factors are both facilitating conditions and barriers. The results will help to adjust the program and guide the development and evaluation of similar programs.

Cette étude vise à évaluer les éléments facilitants et les barrières à l’implantation du programme d’éducation à la nutrition Camille, Antoine et l’archipel Ôlait, développé par les Producteurs laitiers du Canada (PLC), auprès d’enseignants du préscolaire provenant de six régions du Québec et ayant reçu un atelier de formation animé par une diététiste des PLC. Elle vise également à connaître le degré d’implantation et la fidélité du programme ainsi que son appréciation, son utilisation et sa pertinence. Après une moyenne de 5 mois d’implantation, un questionnaire auto-administré a été complété par 37 enseignants (N = 86, 43 %), dont 10 utilisateurs (27 %) et 27 non-utilisateurs (73 %). Puis, des groupes de discussion ont eu lieu avec 13 enseignants (N = 170, 8 %). En moyenne, 11,4 activités sur 30 ont été réalisées (38 %), dont 6,3 telles quelles (55 %) et 5,1 modifiées (45 %), et les enseignants ont rapporté avoir l’intention de refaire 6,1 activités (54 %). L’implantation du programme a été facilitée ou limitée par différentes caractéristiques des enseignants, par l’appréciation de son contenu et son format, par sa pertinence concernant les exigences pédagogiques au préscolaire, la réalité des élèves et des parents et les objectifs d’apprentissages en nutrition, par le milieu scolaire, familial et communautaire ainsi que par la crédibilité et le support des PLC. Plusieurs de ces facteurs sont à la fois des éléments facilitants et des barrières. Les résultats obtenus aideront à ajuster ce programme et guider le développement et l’évaluation de programmes similaires. / This study aims to assess the facilitating conditions and barriers to the implementation of Camille, Antoine et l’archipel Ôlait nutrition education program, develop by the Dairy Farmers of Canada (DFC), with preschool teachers, from six regions of Québec, who assisted a workshop delivered by a dietitian from DFC. It also seeks to know the degree of implementation and fidelity of the program and its assessment, its use and relevance. Following an average of five months of implementation, a self-administered questionnaire was completed by 37 teachers (N = 86, 43 %), 10 users (27 %) and 27 non-users (73 %). Then, focus groups were held with 13 teachers (N = 170, 8 %). On average, 11.4 out of 30 activities have been carried out (38 %), including 6.3 as planned (55 %) and 5.1 modified (45 %), and teachers reported that it intends to repeat 6.1 activities (54 %). Implementation of the program was facilitated or limited by various characteristics of teachers, the assessment of its content and its format, its relevance to the educational requirements for preschool, the reality of pupils and their parents and objectives in nutrition learning, at school, in their family and community as well as the credibility and support of the DFC. Many of those factors are both facilitating conditions and barriers. The results will help to adjust the program and guide the development and evaluation of similar programs.