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In this thesis, several properties of baryons are studied using the chiral quark model. The chiral quark model is a theory which can be used to describe low energy phenomena of baryons. In Paper 1, the chiral quark model is studied using wave functions with configuration mixing. This study is motivated by the fact that the chiral quark model cannot otherwise break the Coleman–Glashow sum-rule for the magnetic moments of the octet baryons, which is xperimentally broken by about ten standard deviations. Configuration mixing with quark-diquark components is also able to reproduce the octet baryon magnetic moments very accurately. In Paper 2, the chiral quark model is used to calculate the decuplet baryon magnetic moments. The values for the magnetic moments of the ++and− are in good agreement with the experimental results. The total quark spin polarizations are also calculated and are found to be significantly smaller than the non-relativistic quark model results. In Paper 3, the weak form factors for semileptonic octet baryon decays are studied in the chiral quark model. The “weak magnetism” form factors are found to be consistent with the conserved vector current (CVC) results and the induced pseudotensor form factors, which seem to be model independent, are small. The results obtained are in general agreement with experiments and are also compared with other model calculations. / QC 20100618

Dans ce manuscrit de thèse, nous nous intéressons à la description des noyaux atomiques composés d’un nombre impair de nucléons dans la méthode dite de la fonctionnelle énergiede la densité (EDF). Plus précisément, nous présentons et appliquons dans le cas de ces noyaux,des extensions à cette méthode : (i) la projection sur les bons nombres quantiques, (ii) le mélange de configurations à travers la méthode des coordonnées génératrices (GCM), qui permettent deprendre en compte dans nos calculs des corrélations de type « au-delà du champ moyen » entre les nucléons constituant le noyau. De telles extensions n’avaient jusqu’alors été employées, dansleurs versions les plus générales, qu’aux noyaux ayant à la fois un nombre pair de neutrons etde protons, et nous nous proposons donc de démontrer leurs applicabilités également dans le cas des noyaux impairs. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous présentons le formalisme mathématique de la méthode EDF, en mettant tout particulièrement l’accent sur le traitement des symétries dans cette approche. Dans la seconde partie du manuscrit, nous appliquons notre modèle au cas du noyau de 25Mg et analysons les résultats sous différents angles (ex : précision numérique des résultats, convergence du mélange de configurations, comparaison avec les données expérimentales connues). Les premiers résultats obtenus dans ce travail de thèse sontencourageants et démontrent l’intérêt de notre approche pour les calculs théoriques de structure nucléaire. / In this work, we are interested in the treatment of odd-mass atomic nuclei in energydensity functional (EDF) models. More precisely, the goal of this thesis is to develop and to applyto odd-mass nuclei, the theoretical extensions of the EDF method that are: (i) the projectiontehnique, and (ii) the configuration mixing by the generator coordinate method (GCM). Thesetwo extensions are part of the so-called multi-reference energy density functional (MR-EDF)formalism and allow for taking into account, within an EDF context, the "beyond-mean-field"correlations between the nucleons forming the nucleus. Until now, the MR-EDF formalism hasbeen applied, in its full-fledged version, only to the calculation of even-even nuclei. In this thesis,we want to demonstrate the applicability of such a model also for the description of odd-massnuclei. In the first part of this thesis, we describe the theoretical formalism of the EDF models,giving particular attention to the treatment of symmetries within our approach. In the secondpart of the manuscript, we apply our model to the nucleus 25Mg and investigate different aspectsof the method (e.g. numerical accuracy, convergence of the configuration mixing, comparison toknown experimental data). The results obtained in this work are encouraging and demonstratethe potential of our approach for theoretical nuclear structure calculations.