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Pojem vlády zákona v Čínské lidové republice / Concept of the Rule of Law in the People's Republic of ChinaSakmárová, Dominika January 2016 (has links)
The objective of this Master's thesis is to analyse the term of "rule of law" and its Chinese variations (fazhi 法治 , fazhi 法制 , yifazhiguo 依法治国 ) since establishment of the People's Republic of China until present, with the emphasis on contemporary understanding of the concept, affected by political environment. The concept of the rule of law is presented throughout analysis of collected works of influential political leaders, namely Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Xi Jinping, reflected in official documents crucial to the legal system, such as the Constitution. Each historical period represents a different stance on the conception of rule of law and position of legal system, which results in analysis of current situation with a prospective future attitude to this issue. Keywords: rule of law, constitutional rule, Communist Party of China, China
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NORMA CONSTITUCIONAL PROGRAMÁTICA E O DISCURSO JURÍDICO SOBRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: CONCRETIZAÇÃO PELA ATIVIDADE JURISDICIONAL.Soares, Marcelo Narcizo 08 August 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-08 / The present master thesis has as a starting point a proposed investigation the legal
speech of the constitutional programmatic rule and it s material consequences for the
political power, specially in confrontation with the jurisdictional activity. It s
development applies over the axis of the paradigm of post-positivist legal
interpretation allied with the perspective of the speech argumentation theory . The
hypothesis pointed seeks to confirm that the legal-positivism, as political stand point,
is no longer able to sustain as only orientation for the rules capable to respond to the
needs a diversity of theoretical concepts and the globalization of the contents
required by culture. Facing the global economic contingencies, it is certain that the
social are going through a stress originated by the crisis experienced by the State
itself. This orientation the first analysis is taken taking account the rule of law by itself
and, in the end, the constitutional pragmatic rule, functioning as a public policy
parameter delivering the social rights and welfare policies. It is establish, as well, that
the hypothesis adopted considers the constitutional programmatic rules, even if they
are not regulated, possess the sufficient normalization and efficiency for, through
them, the constituted public powers could, indeed, reinforce the constitutional will and
confirm the it s regulatory strength. The aim is to ask when, how and in what
circumstances this task should be accomplish, considering the wide range of
impediments faced by this enterprise are also the goals of this research. In special
concern of the jurisdictional activity, in the search to comprehend in which way the
constitutional hermeneutic can be posed as efficient and legitimate instrument to
establish the precepts and shape in which the courts decisions are embedded as a
parameter of the accomplishment of justice. / A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como proposta de investigação o discurso
jurídico sobre a norma constitucional programática e a sua consequente
materialização pelos poderes públicos, especialmente em face da atividade
jurisdicional. Seu desenvolvimento se dá sobre o eixo do paradigma pós-positivista
de interpretação do direito aliado à perspectiva das teorias da argumentação. A
hipótese que se busca confirmar é a de que o positivismo jurídico, como marco
teórico, não mais se sustenta como orientação normativa capaz de responder às
necessidades que a diversidade dos conceitos teóricos e a globalização dos
conteúdos de cultura requerem. Em vista das contingências econômicas mundiais,
tem-se como certo que os direitos sociais passam por uma tensão oriunda da
própria crise do Estado. Nesse rumo, toma-se como primeira análise a norma em si
mesma considerada e, ao final, a norma constitucional programática como
orientadora das políticas públicas veiculadoras dos direitos sociais e prestacionais.
Estabelece-se, também, a hipótese de que regulamentadas ou não, as normas
constitucionais programáticas possuem normatividade e eficácia suficientes para
que, por meio delas, os poderes públicos possam, de fato, concretizar a vontade
constitucional e confirmar a sua força normativa. Perquirir quando, de que forma e
em que circunstâncias essa tarefa deve ser cumprida, sem desconsiderar a plêiade
de empecilhos que se colocam à frente desse trabalho são, também, os objetivos
desta pesquisa. Especialmente no que respeita à atividade jurisdicional, busca-se
compreender de que forma a hermenêutica constitucional pode se apresentar como
um instrumento eficaz e legítimo para que se estabeleçam os preceitos e a forma
como as decisões judiciais se amoldem como parâmetros de realização da justiça.
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Constitutionalization of Peruvian Law / La constitucionalización del derecho peruanoLanda Arroyo, César 10 April 2018 (has links)
Constitutionalizaton of Law’s different areas is a phenomenon gradually more ingrained in our cultural and legal framework. Maybe the best demonstration is the increasingly prominent role of the Constitutional Court (TC) – Constitution’s Supreme Interpreter – in defining and redefining concepts, rights and legal principles touching a range of subjects, from TaxLaw to Human Rights. This is relevant to understand the Law and its current effects whether it is valued positively or negatively. / La constitucionalización de las distintas áreas del Derecho es un fenómeno cada vez más arraigado en nuestra cultura y contexto jurídicos. Tal vez la forma más evidente en que se haya manifestado sea el creciente protagonismo del Tribunal Constitucional (TC), supremo intérprete de la Constitución, en la significación y resignificación de conceptos, derechos y principios jurídicos que, a través de sus sentencias, han afectado desde el derecho tributario hasta los derechos humanos. Sea que esto se valore positiva o negativamente, su relevancia para comprender el derecho y sus efectos en la actualidad es innegable.
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On the cultural poverty of a (judicial) practice without theory / Sobre la pobreza cultural de una práctica (judicial) sin teoríaIbáñez, Perfecto Andrés 10 April 2018 (has links)
The traditional model of initial training of judges in Spain and in other countries has been focused, and is still focused, on the mechanical digestion of a pile of stereotyped notions related to several legal subjects.This knowledge is presented with no references to specific legal disputes and does not meet at all, neither the profile of modern complex constitutional legal systems consisting of several levels, internally changing and conflicting; nor the practice of those systems. It does correspond, however, the historical model of the Napoleonic judge, who tends to act as a mechanical enforcer of the law and the longa manu of the real power rather than guardian of the citizens’ basic rights. The alternative to this kind of judicial training would be a system of training incorporating a high quality operative knowledge of the positive law actually in force, together with a theoretical-philosophical training in line with the suggestions made by Manuel Sacristán of «a level of exercise of thinking» based on the specific field and activity inherent to that group of legal practitioners. / El modelo tradicional de formación inicial de jueces para el desempeño del rol, en España, pero no solo, se ha cifrado y se cifra en la asimilación mecánica de todo un cúmulo de nociones estereotipadas relativas a las diversas disciplinas. Se trata de un bagaje que, por su carácter desproblematizador, no se ajusta en absoluto al perfil de los modernos ordenamientos constitucionales complejos, dotados de distintos niveles y, con frecuencia, internamente conflictivos y cambiantes; y menos a su práctica.Pero responde, en cambio, al histórico tipo de juez del modelo napoleónico, longa manu del poder en acto más que garante de derechos, tendencial aplicador mecánico. La alternativa a esta clase de formación estaría en otra que incorporase a un buen conocimiento operativo del derecho positivo en su ser actual y realmente vigente, una formación teórico-filosófica en la línea sugerida una vez por Manuel Sacristán, como «un nivel de ejercicio del pensamiento» a partir de y sobre el específico campo temático y de la actividad propia de tal clase de operadores.
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