No description available.

The inadequate infrastructure that exists for seamless project team communications has its roots in the problems arising from fragmentation, and the lack of effective co-ordination between stages of the construction process. The use of disparate computer-aided engineering (CAE) systems by most disciplines is one of the enduring legacies of this problem and makes information exchange between construction team members difficult and, in some cases, impossible. The importance of integrating modelling techniques with a view to creating an integrated product and process model that is applicable to all stages of a construction project's life cycle, is being recognised by the Construction Industry. However, improved methods are still needed to assist the developer in the definition of information model structures, and current modelling methods and standards are only able to provide limited assistance at various stages of the information modelling process. This research investigates the role of system integration by reviewing product and process information models, current modelling practices and modelling standards in the construction industry, and draws conclusions with similar practices from other industries, both in terms of product and process representation, and model content. It further reviews various application development tools and information system requirements to support a suitable integrated information structure, for developing an integrated product and process model for design and construction, based on concurrent engineering principles. The functional and information perspectives of the integrated model, which were represented using IDEFO and the unified modelling language (UML), provided the basis for developing a prototype hyper-integrated product and process information modelling system (HIPPY). Details of the integrated conceptual model's implementation, practical application of the prototype system, using house-building as an example, and evaluation by industry practitioners are also presented. It is concluded that the effective integration of product and process information models is a key component of the implementation of concurrent engineering in construction, and is a vital step towards providing richer information representation, better efficiency, and the flexibility to support life cycle information management during the construction stage of small to medium sized-building projects.

No description available.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The popularity of Building Information Modelling (BIM) has grown rapidly within the construction industry, motivated by its potential advantages for improving construction processes. A majority of the world’s leading firms have adopted BIM solutions by moving from 2D or even 3D CAD to BIM techniques. However, for companies in South Africa this transition has not been the same as for firms in Europe and the USA. Besides the improvements which can be achieved by viewing a computer model of the designed facility, BIM provides a multi-disciplinary tool, to be used for collaboration of all project parties in a real-time simulated model of construction process. Due to this remarkable feature, the way of constructing a designed facility can be viewed and analysed from the conceptual stages and can improve design and construction processes. As this object-oriented approach has been developed in the industry, handbooks and standards have been released to support BIM utilization. A considerable amount of research has been conducted to establish the advantages and barriers in applying BIM. A large number of investigations have also been performed for reporting quantified achievement of construction projects executed in BIM environment. As such, a new knowledge field has been added to the industry requirements. BIM knowledge has become more demanding and BIM-specialist requirements have been enhanced. As a result, academia have been stimulated to raise BIM awareness among engineers, architects and construction managers to train sufficiently qualified professionals for applying BIM tools. Universities started offering different courses and programmes to fulfil this need while a variety of strategies have been developed for introducing BIM to the students at different levels. This research studied the current industry situation in South Africa regarding application of BIM and the role of universities to achieve a suitable level of BIM capability. The industrial and educational situations from some pioneering countries are reviewed as lessons for the South African adoption of BIM. Comparing these facts, proposals for introducing BIM through university courses are provided to satisfy industry requirements for the application of BIM in projects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gewildheid van Bou Inligtingsmodelle (Building Information Modelling (BIM)) het vinnig gegroei in die konstruksie bedryf as gevolg van die voordele wat dit vir die verbetering van konstruksieprosesse inhou. ʼn Groot aantal van die wêreld se voorste konstruksie maatskappye het al die oorgang vanaf 2D en selfs 3D RGT (Rekenaar Gesteunde Tekenstelsels) na BIM gemaak. Ongelukkig is hierdie oorgang na BIM metodes nog nie so doeltreffend vir maatskappye in Suid- Afrika soos in die geval van Europese en Amerikaanse maatskappye nie. Daar is al bewys dat die vermoë om na ʼn rekenaarmodel van ʼn ontwerpte fasiliteit te kan kyk baie voordelig is. Daarbenewens bied BIM ʼn multidissiplinêre grondslag wat vir die samewerking van alle betrokke partye van die projek gebruik kan word en die projek kan simuleer as ʼn funksie van tyd. Hierdie tyd-afhanklike simulasie stel die bestuur in staat om die manier waarop ʼn ontwerpte fasiliteit gebou word, reeds vanaf die konsepsuele fase, te beskou en te ontleed. Hierdie vermoë kan die ontwerp en konstruksieproses asook die fasiliteitsbestuur proses merkwaardig verbeter. As gevolg van die ontwikkeling van hierdie objek georiënteerde benadering deur die bedryf, is handboeke en standaarde vrygestel om die gebruik van BIM te ondersteun. ‘n Merkwaardige hoeveelheid navorsing is al gedoen om die voordele en struikelblokke in die toepassing van BIM te identifiseer. ‘n Groot aantal ondersoeke is ook al geloots om verslag te doen op die prestasie van konstruksie projekte wat deur middel van BIM uitgevoer was. Vanuit die bogenoemde ondersoeke en navorsing is 'n nuwe kennisveld gevoeg by die vereistes van die bedryf. Die kennis van BIM het al hoe meer veeleisend geword en die vereistes vir ʼn BIMspesialis het verhoog. As gevolg hiervan is akademici aangemoedig om ingenieurs, argitekte en konstruksie bestuurders meer bewus te maak van BIM sodat daar genoeg professionele werkers opgelei kan word wat BIM kan implementeer. Universiteite het begin om kursusse en programme aan te bied om hierdie behoefte te bevredig, terwyl 'n verskeidenheid metodes om studente bloot te stel aan BIM op verskillende vlakke ontwikkel is. In hierdie navorsingsprojek is die huidige stand van Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiemaatskappye ten opsigte van die toepassing van BIM ondersoek. Daarbenewens is die rol wat universiteite speel om 'n voldoende vlak van BIM vaardigheid te bereik ook ondersoek. Die industriële en opvoedkundige omgewings van 'n paar vooraanstaande lande word gebruik as lesse vir die Suid-Afrikaanse aanvaarding van BIM. Deur hierdie feite te vergelyk, is voorstelle gemaak vir die bekendstelling van BIM in universiteitskursusse om aan industrievereistes te voldoen vir die toepassing van BIM op projekte.

Atualmente, o segmento de construção de habitações para a população de baixa renda encontra-se em destaque no Brasil, atraindo o interesse de muitas empresas. Entretanto, para que os negócios neste segmento sejam viáveis, é necessário observar algumas características baixo custo de construção, produção em larga escala, repetitividade, alta produtividade e gestão precisa próprias de processos industrializados. A industrialização da construção envolve aspectos relativos tanto à configuração do edifício (por exemplo, a pré-fabricação de componentes) quanto à gestão da produção, em que o planejamento dos processos de construção é considerado fundamental para obter uma produção eficiente. Não obstante sua importância, inexistem modelos consolidados voltados à construção industrializada em larga escala, sendo esse o foco do presente trabalho, cujo objetivo consiste em propor um modelo para o planejamento de processos de construção para a produção industrializada de edifícios habitacionais. A metodologia consistiu em realizar ampla revisão bibliográfica para caracterização do modelo de planejamento de processos adotado na indústria de manufatura, bem como de propostas que representam o estado da arte do planejamento na construção de edifícios. Tais modelos foram objeto de análise comparativa, visando identificar os principais elementos que resultaram na proposta do Modelo de Planejamento de Processos de Construção (M-PPC). O modelo inclui um conjunto de premissas para sua aplicação, um plano de ação com as atividades necessárias ao planejamento de processos e ferramentas para sua operacionalização. Ainda como contribuição, buscou-se exemplificar sua aplicação com base no processo de construção do vedo vertical de um edifício que emprega a tecnologia de alvenaria estrutural. Considera-se que o modelo proposto representa uma contribuição importante para organização dos processos de construção em empreendimentos de larga escala, sobretudo em empresas dispostas a implantar um sistema de gestão voltado à industrialização da construção. / Housing construction for low-income population is nowadays very active in Brazil and is therefore attracting the interest of many companies. However, for business in this segment to become viable, it is necessary to observe some characteristics low construction costs, large scale production, repeatability, high productivity and precise production management which are typical of industrialized processes. Construction industrialization involves aspects both related to building configuration (e.g. prefabrication) and to production management, under which process planning is considered fundamental for an efficient production. Besides its importance, there are no consolidated planning models for industrialized large scale construction and, therefore, this is the focus of the present work, which proposes a model for construction process planning for industrialized housing production. The methodology consisted of a comprehensive literature review for characterizing the production process planning model adopted in the manufacturing industry, as well as identifying proposals which represent the state-of-the-art of building construction planning. These models were submitted to a comparative analysis, aiming to identify the main elements which resulted in the proposal of the Construction Process Planning Model (CPPM). The model includes a range of premises for its application, an action plan with the activities required for process planning, and tools for its operationalization. As a further contribution, an example of application is presented, based on a construction process for structural walls of a building that employs structural masonry technology. We consider that the proposed model represents an important contribution to the organization of construction processes in large-scale projects, especially in companies willing to implement a management system properly engineered for industrialized production.

Atualmente, o segmento de construção de habitações para a população de baixa renda encontra-se em destaque no Brasil, atraindo o interesse de muitas empresas. Entretanto, para que os negócios neste segmento sejam viáveis, é necessário observar algumas características baixo custo de construção, produção em larga escala, repetitividade, alta produtividade e gestão precisa próprias de processos industrializados. A industrialização da construção envolve aspectos relativos tanto à configuração do edifício (por exemplo, a pré-fabricação de componentes) quanto à gestão da produção, em que o planejamento dos processos de construção é considerado fundamental para obter uma produção eficiente. Não obstante sua importância, inexistem modelos consolidados voltados à construção industrializada em larga escala, sendo esse o foco do presente trabalho, cujo objetivo consiste em propor um modelo para o planejamento de processos de construção para a produção industrializada de edifícios habitacionais. A metodologia consistiu em realizar ampla revisão bibliográfica para caracterização do modelo de planejamento de processos adotado na indústria de manufatura, bem como de propostas que representam o estado da arte do planejamento na construção de edifícios. Tais modelos foram objeto de análise comparativa, visando identificar os principais elementos que resultaram na proposta do Modelo de Planejamento de Processos de Construção (M-PPC). O modelo inclui um conjunto de premissas para sua aplicação, um plano de ação com as atividades necessárias ao planejamento de processos e ferramentas para sua operacionalização. Ainda como contribuição, buscou-se exemplificar sua aplicação com base no processo de construção do vedo vertical de um edifício que emprega a tecnologia de alvenaria estrutural. Considera-se que o modelo proposto representa uma contribuição importante para organização dos processos de construção em empreendimentos de larga escala, sobretudo em empresas dispostas a implantar um sistema de gestão voltado à industrialização da construção. / Housing construction for low-income population is nowadays very active in Brazil and is therefore attracting the interest of many companies. However, for business in this segment to become viable, it is necessary to observe some characteristics low construction costs, large scale production, repeatability, high productivity and precise production management which are typical of industrialized processes. Construction industrialization involves aspects both related to building configuration (e.g. prefabrication) and to production management, under which process planning is considered fundamental for an efficient production. Besides its importance, there are no consolidated planning models for industrialized large scale construction and, therefore, this is the focus of the present work, which proposes a model for construction process planning for industrialized housing production. The methodology consisted of a comprehensive literature review for characterizing the production process planning model adopted in the manufacturing industry, as well as identifying proposals which represent the state-of-the-art of building construction planning. These models were submitted to a comparative analysis, aiming to identify the main elements which resulted in the proposal of the Construction Process Planning Model (CPPM). The model includes a range of premises for its application, an action plan with the activities required for process planning, and tools for its operationalization. As a further contribution, an example of application is presented, based on a construction process for structural walls of a building that employs structural masonry technology. We consider that the proposed model represents an important contribution to the organization of construction processes in large-scale projects, especially in companies willing to implement a management system properly engineered for industrialized production.

Submitted by Isa Caroline Aguiar Zanin (isa-zanin@hotmail.com) on 2018-10-01T14:17:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação para defesa PDF - corrigida.pdf: 842491 bytes, checksum: 92a3aa91fea5306a299f8110ffbc8e6d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-10-01T14:45:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 zanin_ica_me_sjrp.pdf: 842491 bytes, checksum: 92a3aa91fea5306a299f8110ffbc8e6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T14:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 zanin_ica_me_sjrp.pdf: 842491 bytes, checksum: 92a3aa91fea5306a299f8110ffbc8e6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / O presente trabalho é parte de um projeto maior, intitulado “Projeto de História do Português Paulista” (ALMEIDA, 2006), também conhecido como Projeto Caipira, que estuda diferentes aspectos da história do português utilizado no estado de São Paulo, dentre eles a evolução de processos de construção textual, como a organização tópica. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar o processo de organização tópica de cartas de redatores de jornais paulistas do século XIX. Os dois níveis de constituição desse processo são analisados: a organização intertópica, que consiste na combinação entre Segmentos Tópicos (SegTs) mínimos; e a organização intratópica, que é a estruturação interna de SegTs mínimos. O quadro teórico-metodológico é constituído por uma integração entre a Perspectiva Textual-Interativa (JUBRAN; KOCH, 2006) e a Teoria dos Atos de Fala (AUSTIN, 1962; SEARLE, 1969). As cartas de redatores analisadas são extraídas de Barbosa e Lopes (2002), que, como parte do material usado pelo Projeto Caipira, reúnem cartas de redatores e cartas de leitores publicadas em diferentes jornais do estado de São Paulo durante o século XIX. O resultado do trabalho mostra que as cartas estudadas se caracterizam, no nível da organização intertópica, pela propriedade da unicidade intertópica, isto é, cada carta, via de regra, desenvolve um único tópico discursivo. No nível da organização intratópica, as cartas de redatores apresentam uma regra geral, que consiste na construção de uma unidade de Elaboração Tópica (na qual o redator dirige uma mensagem aos leitores/assinantes), a qual pode ser antecedida por uma unidade de Contextualização Tópica (que introduz o tópico da carta) e/ou seguida por uma unidade de Expansão Tópica (em que se discute a mensagem dirigida aos leitores/assinantes). Os resultados mostram também que, para distinguir uma unidade intratópica da outra, as cartas lançam mão de um mecanismo que envolve o uso de diferentes tipos de atos de fala em diferentes unidades. Além disso, as unidades se diferenciam umas das outras em termos da presença/ausência de verbos performativos. / This thesis is part of a broader research project named “Projeto de História do Português Paulista” (Almeida, 2006), also known as “Projeto Caipira”, which has studied different aspects of the history of Portuguese spoken in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. One of these aspects is the evolution of a set of text construction processes, including the process of topic organization. In this way, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the topic organization process in editor’s letters published in newspapers of the State of São Paulo during de 19th century. Both levels of such process are analyzed: intertopic organization, which is the combination of minimal Topic Segments (SegTs); intratopic organization, which is the internal organization of minimal SegTs. The theoretical framework consists in an articulation between Textual-Interactive Grammar (Jubran and Koch, 2006) and Speech Act Theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969). The editor’s letters analyzed are selected from Barbosa and Lopes (2002). These authors, as part of Projeto Caipira, have provided a set of editor’s letters and reader’s letters published in different newspapers of São Paulo during the 19th century. The results show that the letters under consideration are characterized, at the intertopic level, by intertopic unicity, that is, each letter normally has a single topic. At the intratopic level, the letters follow a general rule, which predicts the construction of a unit called Topic Elaboration (through which the editor directs a message to readers/subscribers); according to the rule, this unit may be preceded by a unit called Topic Contextualization (which presents the topic of the letter) and/or it my be followed by a unit named Topic Expansion (where the editor discusses the message elaborated before). The data also show that, as a mechanism to distinguish intratopic units, the letters use different types of speech acts in different units. In addition, these units are differentiated to each other based on the presence/absence of performative verbs.

La investigación realizada es no experimental y de enfoque cualitativo en su mayor parte y cuantitativo en lo que resta, con alcances descriptivos y explicativos. El enfoque principal de nuestra investigación fue el problema del deficiente lanzado de Shotcrete en túneles, producto de una inadecuada gestión de la calidad, teniendo como fundamental objetivo elaborar una propuesta de gestión de calidad con la finalidad de optimizar el proceso de lanzado de Shotcrete en túneles, usando la conocida guía para la gestión de proyectos PMBOK a través de esta podemos deducir que siguiendo el área de conocimiento de gestión de la calidad alinearemos los procedimientos aprobados con el control respectivo en las distintas áreas o frentes de trabajo, además de realizar un continuo seguimiento de estos procesos con auditorías internas y externas. Se adoptó una metodología de recopilación de información, estudio y aplicación del área de conocimiento del PMBoK, determinación de cantidades de Shotcrete usado en el caso de estudio donde se analizó los costos y tiempos, y se evaluó los diferentes procesos que están relacionados con el sistema de Shotcreteado. Concluyéndose que el uso del sistema de gestión de calidad bajo los lineamientos del PMBoK es una guía de gran importancia para la aplicación en procedimientos constructivos debido a que nos señala las pautas adecuadas para la planificación, seguimiento y control de cada proceso con la finalidad de retroalimentarlo continuamente y mejorarlo si fuera el caso necesario. The investigation is a non-experimental research, mostly qualitative and quantitative in the rest with descriptive and explanatory scopes. The main theme of our investigation was the problem of the deficient Shotcrete spraying in tunnels, product of an inadequate management of the quality, having as principal scope the elaboration of a proposal for Quality Management with the purpose of optimizing the process of Shotcrete spraying in tunnels, with the known guide for the project management PMBOK. Using this guide, we can determinate that following the Quality area of knowledge we will align the procedures approved with the respective control in the different areas or fronts of work, moreover, monitoring of these processes with internal and external audits. There was adopted a methodology of summary of information, study and application of the area of knowledge of the PMBoK, determination of Shotcrete quantities used in case of study where the costs and schedules were analyzed, and there were evaluated the different processes that are related to Shotcreting System. Concluding that Quality Management of the PMBoK is a guide of great importance for the application in constructive procedures due to the fact that indicates the guidelines for planning, assurance and control of every process with the purpose of control and improvement if it was necessary.

Las torres grúa tienen una importancia muy relevante al momento de construir proyectos civiles. Con su inclusión en un proyecto esta maquinaria facilita el movimiento de materiales de construcción, ahorrando así principalmente tiempos y trabajos. Sin embargo, el costo de su instalación, gastos generales, capacitaciones, entre otros puede llegar a representar en varios casos hasta el 7% del presupuesto total en lo que respecta a proyectos inmobiliarios. Por tal motivo, es importante sacarle el mayor provecho posible a esta herramienta de construcción a fin de agilizar procesos de construcción cumpliendo con la programación establecida evitando así retrasos e incremento de costos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo proponer un plan de mejora continua para el incremento del trabajo productivo de las torres grúa a partir de un análisis de su trabajo según la metodología Lean Construction. El procedimiento constó de recolectar datos por medio de las cartas balance de tres edificaciones cuyas etapas de construcción y ejecución de actividades deberían ser similares para estas tres obras. Luego, se procedió a identificar las posibles causas de la baja productividad para estas ser analizadas a través de una matriz de riesgo y así clasificarlas según el riesgo que conllevaría cada una. Después, se seleccionaron aquellas de criticidad media y alta esto con el objetivo final de proponer un plan de mejora que permita mitigar estos problemas. Esta propuesta fue implementada en uno de los proyectos anteriormente analizados obteniendo finalmente resultados positivos en donde el trabajo productivo tuvo un incremento mínimo de 8%. / Crane towers have a very relevant importance for building projects. With its inclusion in a project, this equipment facilitates the movement of construction materials, saving mainly time and work. However, the cost of its installation, general expenses, training, and others, can in several cases represent up to 7% of the total budget projects. For this reason, it is important to get the most value of this construction tool to speed up construction processes by fulfilling with the established schedule and avoiding delays that at the end turn into higher costs. The present study aims to propose a continuous improvement plan to increase the productive work of tower cranes based on an analysis of their work according to the Lean Construction methodology. The procedure consisted of collecting data through balance charts of three buildings whose stages of construction and execution of activities should be similar for these three projects. Then, we proceeded to identify possible causes of low productivity to be analyzed through a risk matrix and thus classify them according to the risk that each one would entail. Afterwards, those of medium and high criticality were selected with the final objective of proposing an improvement plan that would mitigate these problems. This proposal was implemented in one of the previously analyzed projects, finally obtaining positive results where the productive work had a minimum increase of 8%. / Tesis

La tesis consiste en proponer un diseño de la sección transversal mediante el método NATM de la etapa 1A del proyecto de la Línea 2 del Metro de Lima. En el cual para comenzar este estudio en este mega proyecto que en la actualidad se sigue realizando se tuvo que investigar los distintos procesos de excavación que se iban a utilizar, entre ellas tenemos al nuevo método austriaco (NATM) y las máquinas tuneladoras (TBM), sin embargo, el último método de excavación de túnel aún no ha sido utilizado. Por un lado, se identificó parte de las obras preliminares para los frentes de trabajo del NATM, las cuales vienen a ser las construcciones de estaciones, piques, túnel de interceptación, entre otras que serán mencionadas y definidas en un capitulo líneas más abajo, es muy importante esta parte, pues mediante esta información podemos saber a dónde va dirigido nuestro objetivo principal, que consiste en proponer un diseño y revestimiento en futuras construcciones de túneles urbanos en Lima. Finalmente, para poder realizar un diseño de sostenimiento y revestimiento distinto al que ya se encuentra en proceso tuvimos que realizar distintas verificaciones, las cuales cumplieron con los requisitos de la norma del AISC 360-2011, E.060 y E.090 de Estructuras de Acero, dando así una nueva opción para el revestimiento y sostenimiento de futuras construcciones de túneles urbanos. / This thesis consists in the study of the NATM method of stage 1A of the project of Line 2 of the Lima Metro. In which to start this study in this mega project that is still being carried out, it was necessary to investigate the different excavation processes that were going to be used, among them we have the new Austrian method (NATM) and the tun-neling machines (TBM) However, the last tunnel excavation method has not yet been used. On the one hand, part of the preliminary works was identified for the work fronts of the NATM, which come to be the constructions of stations, shafts, interception tun-nel, among others that will be mentioned and defined in a chapter lines below, this part is very important, because through this information we can know where our main objec-tive is directed, which is to propose a design and coating in future urban tunnel con-structions in Lima. Finally, In order to carry out a different support and coating design to the one already in process, we had to carry out different verifications, which complied with the requirements of the AISC standard 360-2011 and E.090 of Steel Structures, thus giving a new option for the coating and maintenance of future urban tunnel constructions. / Tesis