A partir da Teoria dos Cronotopos, concebida por Mikhail Bakhtin, esta tese busca mostrar os modos pelos quais a fusão de tempo/espaço determina o enredo e as posturas das personagens em sua interação com o Outro, na obra Os Senhores, de Gonçalo M. Tavares. Vivendo como indivíduos descentrados, segundo lógicas próprias, as personagens também apresentam problemas identitários e de relacionamento com a alteridade. Além disso, por meio da análise dos elementos composicionais dos discursos e do estudo dos protogêneros pretendemos estabelecer o sentido final da obra, conectando-a à realidade do homem contemporâneo. / From the ideas conveyed by Mikhail Bakhtins Theory of Chronotopes, we seek to demonstrate the ways through which the fusion of time/space determines both the plot and the characters postures in their interactions with the alterity, in the series Os Senhores, written by Gonçalo M. Tavares. The fact of living as off-centered individuals, with their peculiar forms of logic, also causes them to present identity and relationship problems with the Other. Besides, through the analysis of the elements which constitute their discourses, parallel to the study of the prototypes, we intend to establish the ultimate meaning of the contents in the stories, connecting them to the contemporary mans reality.

A partir da Teoria dos Cronotopos, concebida por Mikhail Bakhtin, esta tese busca mostrar os modos pelos quais a fusão de tempo/espaço determina o enredo e as posturas das personagens em sua interação com o Outro, na obra Os Senhores, de Gonçalo M. Tavares. Vivendo como indivíduos descentrados, segundo lógicas próprias, as personagens também apresentam problemas identitários e de relacionamento com a alteridade. Além disso, por meio da análise dos elementos composicionais dos discursos e do estudo dos protogêneros pretendemos estabelecer o sentido final da obra, conectando-a à realidade do homem contemporâneo. / From the ideas conveyed by Mikhail Bakhtins Theory of Chronotopes, we seek to demonstrate the ways through which the fusion of time/space determines both the plot and the characters postures in their interactions with the alterity, in the series Os Senhores, written by Gonçalo M. Tavares. The fact of living as off-centered individuals, with their peculiar forms of logic, also causes them to present identity and relationship problems with the Other. Besides, through the analysis of the elements which constitute their discourses, parallel to the study of the prototypes, we intend to establish the ultimate meaning of the contents in the stories, connecting them to the contemporary mans reality.

Des travaux récents, inscrits dans un processus d’ouverture à la pluridisciplinarité, ont souligné que l’organisation des sociétés rurales ne peut plus être comprise sans prendre en compte leur relation à l’espace. Ces évolutions conduisent aujourd’hui à travailler sur la dimension spatiale des données extraites des sources historiques.Cette étude doctorale repose, en grande partie, sur la mise en parallèle de données textuelles et planimétriques, modernes et contemporaines, intégrées dans un système d’information géographique. Les documents concernés (un terrier de 1508 ; un autre terrier associé à un plan, tous deux datés du milieu du XVIIIe siècle ; le cadastre de 1845 avec son état de section de 1848), en inventoriant parcelles et tenanciers/propriétaires, ont en commun de présenter de nombreux renseignements sur l’organisation de l’espace rural. Ils décrivent cependant chacun une réalité en relation avec les structures sociales et économiques propres à la période dont ils sont issus.En choisissant de travailler à l’échelle micro- historique, c’est la pratique quotidienne et la perception des acteurs qui seront considérées ; le temps long permet, quant à lui, d’analyser les évolutions (permanences ou mutations) intervenues dans l’organisation de l’appropriation et de l’occupation du sol, entre le début du XVIe siècle et le milieu du XIXe siècle. / Recent work, part of a process of opening up to multidisciplinarity, has underlined that the organisation of rural societies can no longer be understood without taking into account their relationship to space. These developments are now leading to work on the spatial dimension of data extracted from historical sources.This doctoral study is based, in large part, on the parallel use of modern and contemporary textual and planimetric data, integrated into a geographical information system. The documents concerned (a terrier of 1508; another terrier associated with a plan, both dating from the middle of the 18th century; the 1845 land register with its 1848 section status), by listing parcels and tenant/owners, have in common that they present a great deal of information on the organisation of rural areas. However, they each describe a reality in relation to the social and economic structures specific to the period from which they emerged.By choosing to work on a micro-historical scale, it is the daily practice and perception of the actors that will be considered; the long time allows, for its part, to analyse the evolutions (permanences or mutations) that occurred in the organisation of land appropriation and occupation between the beginning of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century.