In the dominant North American imagination, the asylum has always been a place of the other in society. Stories of Saskatchewan asylums and their reincarnations as mental hospitals are filled with early twentieth century horror narratives and redemptive tales of mid-century scientific progress: the monstrousness of the labyrinthine asylum structures and its arcane treatments, the modern marvels of the experimental therapies and the lives saved by the scientific authorities. Still some of the most infamous buildings to haunt provincial imagination, mental hospitals became more than buildings designed to treat disease in Saskatchewan: they were a cultural phenomenon. The hospitals themselves became social objects invested with meanings which shaped social relations.<p> This thesis investigates how the built structure of the asylum and in particular the North Battleford and Weyburn Mental Hospitals were perceived, experienced and theorized in early twentieth century and post-war Saskatchewan society. In analyzing architectural drawings, floor plans, television documentaries, photographs and patients' personal stories, this dissertation takes a critical look at how patients and staff were situated within the built structure at certain points and in particular during the Weyburn Mental Hospitals extensive earlier twentieth century history and its mid-century re-birth as a modern psychiatric research centre. Feminist and post-colonial debates about the history of medicine and eugenics, spatial and socio-practices of power within built structure and the representation of patients and health professionals in colonial and modern society are also examined as a means to situate the discussion of the mental hospital within the broader context of the discussion on spatial discourses.

In the dominant North American imagination, the asylum has always been a place of the other in society. Stories of Saskatchewan asylums and their reincarnations as mental hospitals are filled with early twentieth century horror narratives and redemptive tales of mid-century scientific progress: the monstrousness of the labyrinthine asylum structures and its arcane treatments, the modern marvels of the experimental therapies and the lives saved by the scientific authorities. Still some of the most infamous buildings to haunt provincial imagination, mental hospitals became more than buildings designed to treat disease in Saskatchewan: they were a cultural phenomenon. The hospitals themselves became social objects invested with meanings which shaped social relations.<p> This thesis investigates how the built structure of the asylum and in particular the North Battleford and Weyburn Mental Hospitals were perceived, experienced and theorized in early twentieth century and post-war Saskatchewan society. In analyzing architectural drawings, floor plans, television documentaries, photographs and patients' personal stories, this dissertation takes a critical look at how patients and staff were situated within the built structure at certain points and in particular during the Weyburn Mental Hospitals extensive earlier twentieth century history and its mid-century re-birth as a modern psychiatric research centre. Feminist and post-colonial debates about the history of medicine and eugenics, spatial and socio-practices of power within built structure and the representation of patients and health professionals in colonial and modern society are also examined as a means to situate the discussion of the mental hospital within the broader context of the discussion on spatial discourses.

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Esta dissertação de mestrado realizou uma etnografia com membros de uma Associação de Moradores localizada em um bairro de ocupação irregular chamado Parque Recanto Cocaia. O referido bairro se situa no distrito do Grajaú, Zona Sul da cidade de São Paulo. Parte do distrito pertence à área de proteção ambiental, pois se assenta em um manancial urbano, característica que confere especificidades com relação às problemáticas das ocupações urbanas irregulares. O ponto de partida da pesquisa foi investigar os processos de construção de demandas para o bairro, bem como as estratégias para dar visibilidade às mesmas junto ao Estado, tornando-as, assim, reivindicações. A problemática de fundo desta pesquisa visou por em pauta a manutenção e reprodução de um espaço em que a ocupação urbana é restrita, pois se trata de área de manancial. O aprofundamento etnográfico na Associação de Moradores revelou que o processo de construção de reivindicações leva seus membros a participar de múltiplas esferas de atuação política. Eles atuam em movimentos sociais, em Conselhos Gestores Municipais de Saúde e são lideranças comunitárias em seu bairro. Assim, argumento que a produção de vínculos com atores políticos de outros bairros do Grajaú, de alguns distritos próximos e com gestores públicos dos Conselhos Gestores, leva ao fortalecimento de suas atuações políticas. Isso ocorre porque tais vínculos decorrem de uma prática cuja ênfase está nas relações desenvolvidas nas esferas de atuação política. / This masters degree dissertation develops an ethnography with the members of a Homeowners association located in an irregular occupation neighborhood called Parque Recanto Cocaia. The referred neighborhood is situated in the district of Grajaú, in the South zone of the city of São Paulo. Part of the district belongs to the environmental protection area, since it is located on an urban fountainhead, a characteristic that confers specificities regarding the problematics of irregular urban occupations. The starting point for the research was to investigate the demand construction processes for the neighborhood, as well as the strategies to provide visibility of these alongside the State, thus turning them into claims. The backdrop problematic of this research sought to bring to the agenda the maintenance and reproduction of a space where urban occupation is restricted, since it is a fountainhead area. The ethnographic deepening into the Homeowners Association revealed that the claim elaboration process leads its members to participate in several spheres of political action. They take part in social movements, Municipal Health Management Boards and are community leaders in their neighborhood. Thus, I argument that the production of bonds with public actors from other neighborhoods in Grajaú, from some close districts and with public managers from Managing Boards, leads to the strengthening of their political actions. This occurs because such bonds result from a practice whose emphasis is in the relationships developed in the spheres of political action.

O presente trabalho propõe a reflexão sobre as práticas socioespaciais enquanto manifestações espaciais e sociais de praticantes, considerando a interação entre os mesmos e entre eles e o espaço urbano. Por meio da observação de dois objetos empíricos distintos o Baixo Augusta - São Paulo/Brasil e a Alameda de Hércules Sevilha/Espanha, enquanto espaços urbanos em transformação e manchas de ócio e lazer , são feitas, inicialmente, reflexões cruzadas teóricas e análises da conformação urbana e histórica de cada um. Em seguida, analisam-se suas atuais configurações a partir das práticas socioespaciais observadas. Para tanto, emprega-se uma abordagem entre escalas e um método experimental, a fim de construir um olhar que busque tornar visíveis aspectos e processos que não se refiram somente a contextos urbanos particulares, mas que também permitam a abordagem de aspectos da cidade contemporânea de modo amplo. Como resultado destas análises, foram elaboradas cartografias socioespaciais capazes de revelar as urbanidades de cada um deles, permitindo-se leituras individuais e conjuntas. / The present work proposes the reflection on socio-spatial practices as spatial and social manifestations of practitioners, considering the interaction between them and between them and the urban space. By observing two distinct empirical objects - the Baixo Augusta - São Paulo / Brazil and the Alameda de Hércules - Seville / Spain, as urban spaces in transformation and spots of leisure and leisure - are initially made , theoretical cross-reflections and analysis of the urban and historical conformation of each one. Then, their current configurations are analyzed based on the observed socio-spatial practices. In order to do so, an approach between scales and an experimental method is employed in order to construct a look that seeks to make visible aspects and processes that do not refer only to particular urban contexts, but that also allow the approach of aspects of the contemporary city of mode. As a result of these analyzes, socio-spatial cartographies capable of revealing the urbanities of each of them were developed, allowing individual and joint readings.

O presente trabalho propõe a reflexão sobre as práticas socioespaciais enquanto manifestações espaciais e sociais de praticantes, considerando a interação entre os mesmos e entre eles e o espaço urbano. Por meio da observação de dois objetos empíricos distintos o Baixo Augusta - São Paulo/Brasil e a Alameda de Hércules Sevilha/Espanha, enquanto espaços urbanos em transformação e manchas de ócio e lazer , são feitas, inicialmente, reflexões cruzadas teóricas e análises da conformação urbana e histórica de cada um. Em seguida, analisam-se suas atuais configurações a partir das práticas socioespaciais observadas. Para tanto, emprega-se uma abordagem entre escalas e um método experimental, a fim de construir um olhar que busque tornar visíveis aspectos e processos que não se refiram somente a contextos urbanos particulares, mas que também permitam a abordagem de aspectos da cidade contemporânea de modo amplo. Como resultado destas análises, foram elaboradas cartografias socioespaciais capazes de revelar as urbanidades de cada um deles, permitindo-se leituras individuais e conjuntas. / The present work proposes the reflection on socio-spatial practices as spatial and social manifestations of practitioners, considering the interaction between them and between them and the urban space. By observing two distinct empirical objects - the Baixo Augusta - São Paulo / Brazil and the Alameda de Hércules - Seville / Spain, as urban spaces in transformation and spots of leisure and leisure - are initially made , theoretical cross-reflections and analysis of the urban and historical conformation of each one. Then, their current configurations are analyzed based on the observed socio-spatial practices. In order to do so, an approach between scales and an experimental method is employed in order to construct a look that seeks to make visible aspects and processes that do not refer only to particular urban contexts, but that also allow the approach of aspects of the contemporary city of mode. As a result of these analyzes, socio-spatial cartographies capable of revealing the urbanities of each of them were developed, allowing individual and joint readings.

The substantive la banlieue does not simply describe a geographical territory, but rather names a particular articulation of images and narratives that constitute the &lsquo;banlieue question&rsquo;. This dissertation tracks the development and contestation of a set of procedures that construct the banlieue as an object of knowledge, expertise, and intervention. Under the heading &lsquo;banlieue stories&rsquo; I collect a range of media that engage with la banlieue as a discursive regime, challenging the practices and procedures through which screen media construct the banlieues as the &lsquo;lost territories&rsquo; of the Republic. / Romance Languages and Literatures

A presente tese tem como objetivo compreender a produção do espaço urbano a partir das práticas e representações de jovens do Bairro Guajuviras, espaço representado como uma periferia do município de Canoas, Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. O estudo parte da relação de coprodução entre juventudes e espaço de um bairro popular. Evidencia os conflitos inerentes às disputas representacionais que constituem, de um lado, imaginários urbanos que generalizam essas juventudes como problema e definem o bairro como espaço periférico e, de outro, produção de representações do espaço que reafirmam tanto o local, quanto os/as jovens. As narrativas e experiências desses/as jovens redirecionam as perspectivas teóricas para a compreensão do espaço no rompimento com as dualidades centro-periferia, desconstruindo os estereótipos embasados nas hierarquias sócio-espaciais e orientando para perspectivas que evidenciam as diferenças, aqui acentuadas na elaboração conceitual do bairro popular. Dessa forma, a pesquisa percorre a produção do Guajuviras nos diálogos a partir das teorias da produção do espaço de Henri Lefebvre (2013), as práticas microbianas de Michel de Certeau (2009) e as concepções de ator e agente de Guy Di Méo e Pascal Buléon (2007). As práticas espaciais identificadas nas narrativas dos/as jovens do Guajuviras orientam pelo reconhecimento de práticas de apropriação do espaço urbano no bairro, através das relações de convivência e dos usos de ruas e praças como espaços de permanência e sociabilidade e, nos espaços metropolitanos mais distantes, nas relações de trabalho e comunidades de sentido (BERGER; LUCKMANN, 2004). A relação juventude-espaço revela feições do urbano de coprodução entre espaços e sujeitos através das trajetórias de vida e formas de inserção nas relações sociais do bairro e do espaço metropolitano. Dessa forma, a pesquisa demonstra os processos de produção do espaço através de relações de condicionamentos e transgressões, identifica aspectos e conflitos do urbano através dos quais são indicadas perspectivas para pensar o bairro popular e suas juventudes. / This thesis aims to understand the production of the urban space from the practices and representations of young people of Guajuviras neighborhood, space represented as a popular suburb of Canoas city, in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. The study starts from the co-production relationship between youths and space of a popular neighborhood. It shows the inherent conflicts of the representational disputes that, on one hand, constitute some urban imaginary that generalize these youths as a problem and define the neighborhood as a peripheral space and, on another hand, the production of space representations that reaffirm the local and also the young people. The narratives and experiences of these young people redirect the theoretical perspectives to the understanding of the space in the rupture with the centre-periphery dualities, deconstructing stereotypes grounded in socio-spatial hierarchies and guiding to perspectives that show the differences, here accented in the conceptual elaboration of the popular neighborhood. Thus, the research explores the production of Guajuviras in the dialogues from the space production theories of Henri Lefebvre (2013), the microbian practices of Michel de Certeau (2009), and the concepts of actor and agent of Guy Di Méo and Pascal Buléon (2007). The spatial practices identified in the narratives of the Guajuviras youths guide trough the recognition of appropriation practices of the urban space, trough the conviviality relationships and the use of streets and squares of the neighborhood as permanency and sociability spaces and, in the most distant metropolitan spaces, in the work relationships and in the sense communities (BERGER; LUCKMANN, 2004). The youth-space relationship reveals urban features of co-production between spaces and individuals trough the life trajectories and insertion ways in the social relations of the neighborhood and the metropolitan space. Thus, the study demonstrates the processes of space production trough the relations of conditioning and transgressions. It identifies aspects and conflicts of the urban space that allow indicate perspectives to think the popular neighborhood and its youths.

Le projet « MOUV », pour « Marche Optimale dans l’Urbain Vert », est établi dans l’objectif de répondre à une nécessité d’équité territoriale et de vivre ensemble, en tenant compte des interactions idéelles et matérielles générées par la ville. A partir de ces considérations, il s’agit d’engager cette étude dans une démarche de recherche-intervention. La mise en avant d’un principe de participation citoyenne, favorisant la connaissance partagée du territoire, aspire à l’élaboration d’un projet collectif plaçant les acteurs au cœur de l’évolution de leur espace vécu. La finalité du projet « MOUV » est d’inscrire la mobilité quotidienne (par les pratiques de marche urbaine) en tant qu’élément fondateur d’une construction territoriale commune, génératrice de bien-être pour les citadins, ce qui nous renvoie inéluctablement à un projet émanant des mécanismes sociaux et cognitifs qui se transcrivent au sein des espaces publics.Basées sur des outils et méthodes mutualisant les compétences interdisciplinaires de l’équipe du projet, treize séances d’entretiens collectifs et des maraudes ont pu être réalisées auprès d’un panel social diversifié résidant au sein d’un même périmètre de géographie prioritaire du centre-ville de Nice. Dans cette dialectique du social et du spatial, à travers l’élaboration d’un apprentissage collectif issu d’ateliers cartographiques fondés sur une adaptation de la théorie de Maslow, les individus ont-ils pu, au fil des besoins spatialisant leur bien-être, définir et s’approprier des règles et des valeurs communes, démontrant une prise en charge collective des espaces publics de leur territoire. / The project “Optimal Walk in the Green City” – called “MOUV” in French – has the aim to offer an innovative methodology responding to a being-together need, taking into account the ideational and material interactions generated by the city. Putting forward a principle of citizen participation which promotes shared knowledge of the territory, MOUV aims to develop a collective project placing actors at the heart of their lived spaces evolution. The purpose of this project is to include the daily mobility (by urban walking practices) as part of a common founder territorial construction, generating well-being for city dwellers, which brings us inevitably to a project made by the social and cognitive mechanisms transcribed in public spaces.Based on tools and methods pooling interdisciplinary skills of the project team, thirteen sessions of focus groups and social help patrols have been conducted with a diversified panel living within the same perimeter, in the city-center of Nice. In this dialectic of social and spatial, through the development of a collective learning from cartographic workshops based on an adaptation of Maslow's theory, people can define and appropriate rules and common values over the needs which spatialize their wellbeing, demonstrating a collective responsibility taken on the public spaces of their territory.

A presente tese tem como objetivo compreender a produção do espaço urbano a partir das práticas e representações de jovens do Bairro Guajuviras, espaço representado como uma periferia do município de Canoas, Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. O estudo parte da relação de coprodução entre juventudes e espaço de um bairro popular. Evidencia os conflitos inerentes às disputas representacionais que constituem, de um lado, imaginários urbanos que generalizam essas juventudes como problema e definem o bairro como espaço periférico e, de outro, produção de representações do espaço que reafirmam tanto o local, quanto os/as jovens. As narrativas e experiências desses/as jovens redirecionam as perspectivas teóricas para a compreensão do espaço no rompimento com as dualidades centro-periferia, desconstruindo os estereótipos embasados nas hierarquias sócio-espaciais e orientando para perspectivas que evidenciam as diferenças, aqui acentuadas na elaboração conceitual do bairro popular. Dessa forma, a pesquisa percorre a produção do Guajuviras nos diálogos a partir das teorias da produção do espaço de Henri Lefebvre (2013), as práticas microbianas de Michel de Certeau (2009) e as concepções de ator e agente de Guy Di Méo e Pascal Buléon (2007). As práticas espaciais identificadas nas narrativas dos/as jovens do Guajuviras orientam pelo reconhecimento de práticas de apropriação do espaço urbano no bairro, através das relações de convivência e dos usos de ruas e praças como espaços de permanência e sociabilidade e, nos espaços metropolitanos mais distantes, nas relações de trabalho e comunidades de sentido (BERGER; LUCKMANN, 2004). A relação juventude-espaço revela feições do urbano de coprodução entre espaços e sujeitos através das trajetórias de vida e formas de inserção nas relações sociais do bairro e do espaço metropolitano. Dessa forma, a pesquisa demonstra os processos de produção do espaço através de relações de condicionamentos e transgressões, identifica aspectos e conflitos do urbano através dos quais são indicadas perspectivas para pensar o bairro popular e suas juventudes. / This thesis aims to understand the production of the urban space from the practices and representations of young people of Guajuviras neighborhood, space represented as a popular suburb of Canoas city, in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. The study starts from the co-production relationship between youths and space of a popular neighborhood. It shows the inherent conflicts of the representational disputes that, on one hand, constitute some urban imaginary that generalize these youths as a problem and define the neighborhood as a peripheral space and, on another hand, the production of space representations that reaffirm the local and also the young people. The narratives and experiences of these young people redirect the theoretical perspectives to the understanding of the space in the rupture with the centre-periphery dualities, deconstructing stereotypes grounded in socio-spatial hierarchies and guiding to perspectives that show the differences, here accented in the conceptual elaboration of the popular neighborhood. Thus, the research explores the production of Guajuviras in the dialogues from the space production theories of Henri Lefebvre (2013), the microbian practices of Michel de Certeau (2009), and the concepts of actor and agent of Guy Di Méo and Pascal Buléon (2007). The spatial practices identified in the narratives of the Guajuviras youths guide trough the recognition of appropriation practices of the urban space, trough the conviviality relationships and the use of streets and squares of the neighborhood as permanency and sociability spaces and, in the most distant metropolitan spaces, in the work relationships and in the sense communities (BERGER; LUCKMANN, 2004). The youth-space relationship reveals urban features of co-production between spaces and individuals trough the life trajectories and insertion ways in the social relations of the neighborhood and the metropolitan space. Thus, the study demonstrates the processes of space production trough the relations of conditioning and transgressions. It identifies aspects and conflicts of the urban space that allow indicate perspectives to think the popular neighborhood and its youths.