Submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements of the Degree of Master of Education in the Department of Foundations of Education in the Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 2007. / The aim of this study was to pursue an investigation into the role of continuous assessment in the primary school. From the literature study it became clear that the role of continuous assessment, as formative assessment is to inform educators and learners about a learner's progress in orderto improve learning. The information obtained by continuous assessment should be of such a nature, and be available at a time, that willl enable the learner to grow. Effective continuous assessment should involve the continuous updating of assessment of the performance of a learner. There are many different methods that can be employed in continuous assessment and different ways in which they can be used. In order to improve assessment and to ensure the best feedback from it, the educator needs to find the method which best fits the purpose of the assessment. The purpose of continuous assessment is to assess all aspects of a learner's development. For the purpose of the empirical investigation a self-structured questionnaire, to be completed by primary school educators, was utilised. The completed questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics. In conclusion a summary was presented on the findings of the literature and empirical study and the following are some of the recommendations that were made: * Educator development should focus on the skills needed by educators for the effective implementation of continuous assessment. • Adequate human and material resources should be made available to educators for the successful implementation of continuous assessment.

The Technicon AutoAnalyzer II was evaluated for automatic quantitation of non-casein protein (NCP) in milk. The Lowry method f or colorimetric measurement of proteins was adapted to the automated method and found to be accurate in the determination of non-casein protein in milk. The automated Lowry method obeyed Beer's law. Casein content was calculated by difference between total protein determined by infrared milk analysis (IRMA) and non-casein protein. In the analysis of twenty-five replicate milk samples, the standard deviation was 0.32 and the coefficient of variability was 0.90. The casein content as a percentage of total protein in the milk of cows in the Utah State University dairy herd was found to vary from 41.0 to 81.3%. The automated or continuous flow method was affected by as little as 0.05% (w/w) mercuric chloride, a chemical preservative used in milk, whereas potassium dichromate and formaldehyde had insignificant effects upon the assay.

La théorie du calcul quantique se situe à la frontière de la physique quantique et de l’informatique. Par conséquent, les deux domaines contribuent à la rendre d’autant plus riche en apportant leurs propres méthodes et outils mathématiques. La présente thèse tente de mettre en évidence cette particularité en traitant des problématiques qui vont la physique expérimentale aux modèles de calcul. Le but est d’offrir de nouvelles possibilités pour démontrer un avantage quantique. Après une brève introduction aux notions de base de la mécanique quantique, certains aspects liés à l’informatique sont discutés. Le formalisme des classes de complexité quantiques ainsi que le concept du calcul quantique en variables continues sont décrits. Ensuite, le modèle connu comme instantaneous quantum computing est traduit en variables continues, le rendant attrayant d’un point de vue expérimental. Le chapitre conclut sur une discussion concernant un protocole hybride impliquant l’algorithme de Grover dans le cadre des communications quantiques. La dernière partie de la thèse s’intéresse à des problématiques issues de la physique expérimentale. Le lien entre l’effet Hong-Ou-Mandel et la fonction de Wigner d’un état à deux photons est mise en évidence, et un protocole expérimental est décrit en conséquence. La suite traite du domaine des circuits supraconducteurs et envisage de possibles expériences. Il est montré comment utiliser un qubit de flux pour manipuler un centre coloré du diamant. Il est également décrit comment sonder le modèle de Rabi dans le régime de couplage ultra fort en utilisant un qubit supplémentaire faiblement couplé. / The theory of quantum computing lies at the very boundary between quantum physics and computer science. As such, both fields bring their own methods and mathematical tools to make quantum computing even richer. The present thesis attempts to reflect this specificity by addressing questions ranging from experimental physics to computational models. The goal is to provide novel ways of demonstrating quantum advantage. After a short introduction to basic notions of quantum mechanics, some computer science aspects are discussed. We describe the powerful formalism of quantum complexity classes and the concept of quantum computations based on continuous variables. We then translate the model of instantaneous quantum computing to continuous variables, which is experimentally appealing. The chapter concludes with a discussion on a hybrid protocol involving Grover’s algorithm in a quantum communication framework. The last part of the thesis is devoted to experimentally driven issues. A fundamental connection between the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment and the Wigner function of two-photon states is derived and a verification protocol is designed accordingly. We then move to the field of superconducting circuits to discuss proposals for future experiments. We show how to use a flux qubit to manipulate a NV color center. We also describe how to use to probe the Rabi model in the ultra strong coupling regime using an additional weakly coupled qubit.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Pharmaceutical marketing via a wide range of promotional tools to doctors and pharmacists is one of the primary methods used by the pharmaceutical industry to drive product sales. Pharmaceutical representatives are the key personnel employed in promoting pharmaceutical products, and their interactions with doctors and pharmacists may present a conflict of interest which may result in irrational prescribing or dispensing with the attendant negative outcomes for patients. As such, an awareness of the influence pharmaceutical marketing may have on their prescribing or dispensing practice is essential to mitigate its negative impact on professional practice. Although several studies have investigated the perception of healthcare professionals on the influence pharmaceutical marketing has on their prescribing and dispensing behaviour, no study has evaluated this in healthcare professionals in South Africa. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of doctors and pharmacists in private sector practice in Gauteng province of South Africa on the influence of marketing by pharmaceutical representatives on their decisions when prescribing and dispensing medication to patients. The study involved a mixed methods approach, using a semi-structured questionnaire to elicit information on doctors and pharmacists’ perceptions on gifts offered by pharmaceutical representatives, and the influence of pharmaceutical marketing on their dispensing and prescribing practice. A sample consisting of 120 doctors and pharmacists practising in the private sector of Gauteng province and who interacted with pharmaceutical representatives as part of their practice were included in the study using convenience sampling. The responses to the questionnaire were collated using descriptive statistics, and data analysed to identify relationships between the respondent’s perceptions and specific prescribing and dispensing practices using SPSS statistical software. The Chi-squared test was used to test for the differences between groups, and the Spearman rho coefficient used to analyse associations between identified themes in the data in SPSS. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the University of Western Cape

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第21024号 / 医科博第85号 / 新制||医科||6(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 浩司, 教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 森田 智視 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21144号 / 農博第2270号 / 新制||農||1058(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H30||N5118(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 稲村 達也, 教授 縄田 栄治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

No description available.

All developers understand the benefits of testing their code to ensure its functionality. Today’s market is moving further towards design principles where testing is a central or driving force during development. This puts a certain pressure on academia to supply these skills to their students.Recently the course II1302 Projects and project methods at the Royal Institute of Technology in Kista made a concerted effort to introduce the students of the course to these modern concepts. This thesis investigates how areas of testing can effectively be introduced to the students in the course, utilizing a tailored example that takes the area of testing into particular consideration and how to automate it via DevOps-tools provided by a cloud-based service. Further, it also makes an attempt to provide additional material to be used for teaching testing in conjunction with the example provided.The case study covers the development of an example application, meant to mirror a typical student project. It also covers how this was used for teaching the students about the testing areas considered. The covered testing areas include unit testing, integration testing and UI testing. With these given testing areas, the application and an associated learning module was developed for each area in question. Relevant standards, strategies and approaches was also identified for each of these areas.The thesis also presents important properties to take into consideration when developing similar examples in the future, based on the experiences obtained during the study. These include needs such as understandable by inexperienced students, applicability outside the course, adherence to established standards, tools that are simple to use and an architectural structure that allows for testing.Some improvements are also recommended: the students would benefit from learning software testing from an early stage of their studies. The content of the learning modules should also be brought to the students earlier in the course, so it can be applied in their projects at an early stage as well.Further research is also recommended to evaluate the suitability of using other cloud-based environments instead, and to evaluate the applicability of the learning modules for students of varying disabilities. / Alla utvecklare förstår fördelarna med att testa kod för att garantera dess funktionalitet. Dagens industri går i en riktning där testning spelar en central del av design under utveckling av mjukvara. Denna tendens lägger en viss press på högskolan att lära ut dessa erfarenheter till dess studenter.På senare tid har kursen II1302 Projekt och projektmetoder på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Kista tagit en stor ansats för att introducera sina studenter inför dessa moderna koncept. Denna uppsats undersöker hur testningsområdet effektivt kan introduceras till studenterna inom denna kurs, genom att utnyttja ett egengjort exempel som har området i fokus, samt att automatisera detta via DevOps-verktyg tillhandahållna av molnbaserade tjänster. Dessutom görs även en ansats för att tilldela ytterligare material som kan användas för att lära ut testning av mjukvara i samband med det givna exemplet.Fallstudien omfattar utvecklingen av en exempelapplikation, som var avsedd att likna ett typiskt studentprojekt. Den täcker även hur denna användes för att lära ut de betraktade testningsområdena till studenterna. De täckta områdena av testning inkluderar enhetstestning, integrationstestning och testning av användargränssnitt. Med dessa givna testningsområden utvecklades både applikationen och dess associerade lärmoduler för vardera testningområde i fråga. Relevanta standarder, strategier och metoder var också identifierade för vardera av dessa områden.Denna uppsats presenterar även ett antal viktiga egenskaper att hålla i åtanke vid utveckling av liknande exempel i framtiden, baserat på erfarenheterna från studien. Detta inkluderar behov som tillgänglighet för mindre erfarna studenter, applicerbarhet utanför själva kursen, tillämpning av etablerade standarder, utnyttjande av lättanvända verktyg och en arkitektur som tillåter testning.Några förbättringar föreslås även: studenterna skulle gynnas av att lära sig om mjukvarutestning i ett tidigt skede av sina studier. Innehållet i lärmodulerna bör även presenteras för studenterna tidigare i kursen för att kunna appliceras i deras projekt.Ytterligare forskning rekommenderas även för att utvärdera andra lämpliga molnbaserade miljöer, samt för att utvärdera tillämpbarheten av lärmodulerna hos studenter med inlärningssvårigheter.

As imprint lithography becomes commonplace in industrial manufacturing, the need for fast, reliable modifications to the process are of great importance. In particular, the Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint Lithography (R2RNIL) method has been proven to yield large areas of continuous, robust patterns in the micro- and nanometer range. A thermal embossing R2RNIL system has been developed that is capable of providing a mold heating rate of 100ºC/s with sufficient temperature control to produce large-area patterns continuously at a rate in excess of four feet per minute. This process uses a novel looped-conveyor mold, allowing longer continuous patterns to be produced with superior temperature control than other methods of R2RNIL. Various patterns in the micro- and nanometer domains were replicated using this process.