A cláusula de limitação de responsabilidade é a estipulação pela qual as partes de um contrato decidem estabelecer um limite ao efeito indenizatório da responsabilidade, seja por meio da escolhe de um valor máximo, seja por meio da alteração das regras supletivas do regime legal. No Brasil, essa cláusula não possui previsão legal específica, porém, em razão de sua frequência na prática, faz-se necessário o estabelecimento de critérios para a determinação da extensão e dos limites que devem ser observados para que sejam válidas e produzam os efeitos buscados pelos contraentes. Este trabalho exclui da análise os contratos de adesão e os contratos firmados no âmbito das relações de consumo. Também, não se analisa a cláusula de afastamento integral da responsabilidade (a chamada cláusula de exoneração da responsabilidade). A fim de determinar tais critérios, partiu-se dos limites impostos à autonomia privada em geral – ordem pública e normas cogentes – e dos critérios citados pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência, específicos à cláusula limitativa, quais sejam, o dolo, a culpa grave e o inadimplemento da obrigação principal. Assim, com o objetivo de tornar cada mais clara a incidência de cada uma dessas balizas e, em especial, afastando-se a invalidade/ineficácia automática da cláusula em casos de inadimplemento da obrigação principal, buscou-se delinear como a cláusula interage com a regulação contratual de interesses e com a apuração do montante indenizatório, por meio da análise da composição da indenização. / The limitation of liability clause is the stipulation by which the parties to a contract decide to establish a limit to the indemnifying effect of liability, either by choosing a maximum amount or by changing the rules of the legal regime. In Brazil, this clause does not have specific legal provisions, but because of its frequency in practice, it is necessary to establish the criteria for determining the extent and limits that should be observed for it to be valid and produce the effects sought by the parties. This study excludes from the analysis the adhesion contracts and the contracts signed in the scope of consumer relationships. Neither the exclusion of liability clause is analyzed. In order to determine such criteria, this dissertation starts from the limits imposed on party autonomy in general – public order and cogent norms - and proceeds to the criteria mentioned by doctrine and case law, specific to the limitation clause, namely, willful misconduct and the default of the fundamental term. Thus, to clarify the incidence of each of these limits and, in particular, to remove the automatic invalidity/ineffectiveness of the clause in cases of default of the fundamental term of a contract, this work delineates how the clause interacts with the contractual regulation of interests and with the determination of the indemnity amount, through the analysis of the composition of the indemnification.

Univ., veränd. Habil--Basel, 1998.

Este projeto de mestrado objetiva trazer aos responsáveis pelas áreas de aquisição das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES), principalmente às da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), esclarecimento a respeito da atual legislação aplicada ás licitações, bem como a proposição aos seus Administradores de modelos para os processos de licitação, a fim de padronizá-los, trazendo melhorias em seu desenvolvimento, reduzindo custos e eliminando retrabalho. O método adotado nesta pesquisa foi o estudo de caso, que envolve estudo profundo e exaustivo de um determinado tema, de modo a permitir conhecê-lo de forma ampla. O estudo também foi fundamentado na pesquisa documental dos processos licitatórios elaborados pela Reitoria da UTFPR, de 2010 a abril de 2012, nas notas técnicas emitidas pela Procuradoria Jurídica da UTFPR (PROJU) e nas constatações colhidas no portal da Controladoria Geral da União (CGU). De posse das informações, optou-se, como instrumento de coleta de dados, a elaboração de um questionário, que foi respondido por servidores da UTFPR atuantes nas áreas de licitação, da Auditoria Interna e da Procuradoria Jurídica. Como resultado da pesquisa foi apresentado a legislação e os procedimentos para a realização de uma licitação, bem como os modelos, com os requisitos e fases da licitação, para as modalidades de Concorrência Pública, Tomada de Preços, Convite, Cotação Eletrônica, Inexigibilidade, Dispensa, Pregão Eletrônico e Ata de Registro de Preços. / This master's project aims to bring those responsible for the areas of acquisition of Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES), especially at the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) clarification regarding the current legislation witch ace bids, as well as the proposition their administrators bidding process models in order to standardize them, bringing improvements in their development, reducing costs and eliminating rework. The method adopted in this scientific research was the case study, which involves deep and thorough study of a particular topic, to enable it to meet broadly. The study was also based on desk research of bidding process developed by the Rectory of UTFPR the years 2010 to April 2012, in the technical notes issued by the Legal Department of UTFPR (PROJU), and the findings taken from the portal of the Comptroller General's Office (CGU). As a result of the research were presented legislation and procedures for conducting a bidding, and models, with the requirements and stages of bidding for the modalities of Competitive Bidding, Socket Pricing, Announcement, Electronic Quotation, Unenforceability, Utility , Electronic Trading and Price Registry Act.

A literature study was done on the concepts of purchasing and supply management to develop a framework of purchasing and supply management in a mine. A questionnaire was designed, based on the findings in the literature, and to assist to develop a framework of sustainable purchasing and supply management process and procedure towards value creation in a mine. The state of the internal purchasing and supply management process and procedures was assessed through a survey questionnaire to extract the data. The elements of procurement and supply management were broken down into clear activities towards the creation of value in a mine. The key area of concern is to ensure adherence to proper processes and procedures to create an environment that is conducive towards the objectives of the mine and install a mechanism that is measurable. The focus on procurement and supply management towards value creation has became the key determining factor in the mine. A practical development framework of sustainable purchasing and supply management manage towards value is proposed for a mine and to address the gaps found after analysing the questionnaires. The findings of the empirical study and the literature review were used as the basis of the framework. In this thesis the main focus was Purchasing and Supply Management process and procedures, and Contract Management. The relationship between procurement in the supply chain management process and its functional departments is critical towards sustainable development and value creation. Purchasing and Supply Management are one of the key value drivers in a mine and in particular assisting with governance of purchasing activities which contribute significance towards value adding and cost. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are drawn and rendered in order to develop a framework of purchasing and supply management in a mine. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

A literature study was done on the concepts of purchasing and supply management to develop a framework of purchasing and supply management in a mine. A questionnaire was designed, based on the findings in the literature, and to assist to develop a framework of sustainable purchasing and supply management process and procedure towards value creation in a mine. The state of the internal purchasing and supply management process and procedures was assessed through a survey questionnaire to extract the data. The elements of procurement and supply management were broken down into clear activities towards the creation of value in a mine. The key area of concern is to ensure adherence to proper processes and procedures to create an environment that is conducive towards the objectives of the mine and install a mechanism that is measurable. The focus on procurement and supply management towards value creation has became the key determining factor in the mine. A practical development framework of sustainable purchasing and supply management manage towards value is proposed for a mine and to address the gaps found after analysing the questionnaires. The findings of the empirical study and the literature review were used as the basis of the framework. In this thesis the main focus was Purchasing and Supply Management process and procedures, and Contract Management. The relationship between procurement in the supply chain management process and its functional departments is critical towards sustainable development and value creation. Purchasing and Supply Management are one of the key value drivers in a mine and in particular assisting with governance of purchasing activities which contribute significance towards value adding and cost. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are drawn and rendered in order to develop a framework of purchasing and supply management in a mine. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is clear that the classical concept of contract suffers from weaknesses because it takes too little account of social and economic changes that have occurred in our highly competitive global climate. More particularly, it fails to acknowledge implicit dimensions of contract. The classical contract theory was designed for transactions rather than to regulate relations. In view of the relational contract theory, contracts are agreements, often developed gradually, over a period of time and last over a period of time, perhaps indefinitely. As illustrated, with a discussion of the various theories attempting to qualify the classical law, the development of the relational contract theory and the need for implicit dimensions is in line with changes in business, market transactions and the economic and social environment of today. The relational contract is gradual and emphasises the relationship between the parties. Focus is placed on their understandings, party practices, customs and expectations as opposed to formal doctrines and principles. Characteristically, relational contracts are often incomplete in their specifications, thus leaving room for the creation of expectations and understandings inter partes. These expectations and understandings along with co-operation, rationality and trust are the implicit dimensions, which reflect the shared interest the parties have in their transaction. The ways in which these implicit dimensions can be recognised, developed and applied to contracts, particularly in the South African context is considered in light of our law's treatment of the implication of terms into contracts. It was found that considerations of reasonable expectations and policy do playa role in our law, albeit not to such an extent as to meet the demands of the relational contract theory and the recognition of implicit dimensions. Existing contract principles are also evaluated in the light of the relational contract and implicit dimensions. It is not suggested that classical contract law doctrines are to be dispensed with but that a shift of focus should occur, from the traditional focus on the ''paper'' deal to focusing on the ''real'' deal, between the parties. It is concluded that a principle of good faith would be a suitable starting point to give cognisance to implicit dimensions and to regulate relational contracts. In recognising a principle of good faith, the courts will be able to better respond to the expectations of the parties. A principle of good faith is recommended as being advantageous towards developing a pre-contractual duty of disclosure and encouraging more co-operative thinking and dealing in both legal doctrine and contracting practice. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is vandag duidelik dat die klassieke kontraksmodel aan swakhede ly omrede dié model nie genoegsaam rekening hou met sosiale en ekonomiese veranderinge mons hoogskompeterende wêreldklimaat nie. Meer bepaald, neem die model nie die implisiete aspekte van kontrakte in ag nie. Die klassieke teorie is meer gepas vir eenmalige transakies tussen kontraktante en nie soseer gebruik vir die regulering van deurlopende kontraksverhoudinge nie. In terme van die verhoudingskontrakteorie ("relational contract theory") word kontrakte beskou as ooreenkomstes wat geleidelik, oor 'n lang tydperk kan duur, miskien selfs vir 'n onbepaalde tydperk. Soos gei1lustreer, is daar verskeie teoriëe wat poog om die bestaande klassieke benadering aan te pas. Die ontwikkeling van die verhoudingskontrakteorie en die implisiete aspekte van kontrakte korreleer met veranderinge in internasionale handel en die ekonomiese en sosiale omgewing van vandag. Die verhoudingskontrakteorie beklemtoon die verhouding tussen die partye, hul praktyke en gewoontes en verwagtinge en is nie net slegs op formele beginsels gebaseer nie. 'n Eienskap van hierdie kontraktstipe is dat hulle dikwels nie poog om die verhouding van die partye volledig te reguleer nie. Sodoende word ruimte gelaat vir die ontwikkeling van verwagtinge en implisiete verwagtinge tussen die partye. Hierdie verwagtinge en verstandhoudings te same met die beginsels van samewerking, redelikheid en onderlinge vertroue, is die implisiete aspekte wat die gemeenskaplike belang wat partye in hul verhouding het, weerspieël. Maniere om hierdie implisiete aspekte te herken, te ontwikkel en toe te pas, veral in die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks, is oorweeg in die lig van ons reg se benadering tot die inlees van onuitgesproke bedinge in kontrakte. Alhoewel daar bevind is dat redelike verwagtinge en beleid wel 'n rol speel, is dit onvoldoende in die lig van die eise van die verhoudingskontrakteorie en die behoefte aan implisiete aspekte. Bestaande kontraksbeginsels is ook geëvalueer in die lig van die verhoudingsgebaseerde kontrak en implisiete aspekte. Daar word nie gesuggereer dat klassieke beginsels van die hand gewys moet word nie. Eerder dan die tradisionele fokus op die "paper deal" moet die fokus op die"real deal" wees. Ten slotte word die behoefte aan die erkenning van 'n beginsel van goeie trou uitgelig. Breedweg sal howe beter kan reaggeer op partye se verwagtinge en verstandhoudinge en dié beginsel word ook aanbeveel met die oog op die behoefte aan samwerking tussen partye en die ontwikkeling van 'n voor-openbaarmakingsplig.

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Construction Project Management

published_or_final_version / abstract / Architecture / Master / Master of Science in Interdisciplinary Design and Management

published_or_final_version / abstract / Psychology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy