Univ., Diss.--Köln, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 437 - 473. Text dt., Anhang engl.

Univ., Diss--Zürich, 2008.

M. Tech. Architectural Technology / The South African Council for the Architectural Profession (SACAP) requires that all registered architects clearly set out the terms (as defined by Rule 4.1 of the SACAP Code of Conduct, Board Notice 154 of 2009) of their appointment, before they undertake to perform any architectural work. Although the legally tested professional service agreements conform to the requirements of the Code of Conduct, architects are still reluctant to make use of these contracts. It has become common practice for architects to rely on their own knowledge of contracts to construct self-drafted agreements that are often not legally enforceable, or not to enter in to a client-architect agreement at all. It is the researcher's opinion that architects' knowledge and perceptions of the elements of contract law and the existing client-architect agreements should be investigated in an attempt to encourage the use of established service agreements. The agreement between the client and the architect plays a vital role in setting out the obligations of the parties involved in a construction project. Architects fail to provide their clients with a balanced, equitable and insurable professional service agreement, placing both parties at risk. The architect's authority is not established without a proper contract of agency, and the client does not understand the obligations and the role that the service provider has to undertake to earn his fee. The purpose of this study is to determine the origin and development of contracts of agency in the built environment. The study further aims to establish if the current available client-architect agreements are defined clearly and appropriately, as a legal agreement.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Construction Project Management

Distinction between public and private law is deeply rooted in Lithuania, as a continental law country, and is often treated as a basis for segregation of regulatory measures and methods. The doctoral thesis analyses specific regulation measure: regulatory contract in public law. It contains both private and public law elements: contract, as a way of regulation, and public law, as the area of regulation. Such transfer of contract, a traditional private law instrument, into public law causes various problems and dilemmas. These problematic application areas are the key target of the analysis. Paper shows that the difference between public and private law may not be treated as sufficient reason for declining contract usage for regulatory purposes in public law. It also explains the impact on public law principles of publicity and equality caused by specifics of the contract. Major part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of freedom of contract and its application to regulatory contracts in public law. Analysis shows that despite the imperative nature of the public law, freedom of contract is not only possible but also one of the most essential requirements for conclusion of contracts in public law area. All identified specifics have their impact on regulation modification possibilities and judicial review procedure: contractual aspect makes regulation amendments more complicated and also gives wider possibilities for challenging the established regulation. / Skirtumas tarp viešosios ir privatinės teisės Lietuvoje, kaip kontinentinės teisės valstybėje, yra giliai įsišaknijęs. Dažnai jis yra traktuojamas kaip priemonių ir metodų atskyrimo pagrindas. Disertacijoje analizuojama specifinė reguliavimo priemonė – reguliacinės sutartys viešojoje teisėje. Ši priemonė apima tiek privatinės, tiek viešosios teisės elementus: sutartį, kaip reguliavimo būdą, ir viešąją teisę, kaip reguliavimo sritį. Toks tradicinės privatinės teisės priemonės – sutarties – integravimas į viešąją teisę sukelia įvairias problemas ir klausimus. Būtent šie probleminiai klausimai yra analizuojami tyrime. Tyrimas parodo, kad skirtumas tarp viešosios ir privatinės teisės negali būti laikomas pakankama priežastimi atmesti sutarties panaudojimo viešojoje teisėje galimybes, ir atskleidžia sutarties specifikos poveikį viešosios teisės viešumo ir lygybės principams. Didžiausia tyrimo dalis yra skirta sutarties laisvės įtakos reguliacinėms sutartims viešojoje teisėje analizei. Nepaisant imperatyvaus viešosios teisės pobūdžio, sutarties laisvė yra ne tik įmanoma, bet ir yra vienas iš svarbiausių reikalavimų sudarant sutartis viešojoje teisėje. Visi tyrime nustatyti reguliacinių sutarčių viešojoje teisėje ypatumai daro įtaką jomis nustatyto reguliavimo taikymui, keitimo galimybėms ir teisminės peržiūros tvarkai: sutartinis reguliavimo pobūdis apsunkina nustatyto reguliavimo keitimą bei suteikia platesnes galimybes jo ginčijimui.

Skirtumas tarp viešosios ir privatinės teisės Lietuvoje, kaip kontinentinės teisės valstybėje, yra giliai įsišaknijęs. Dažnai jis yra traktuojamas kaip priemonių ir metodų atskyrimo pagrindas. Disertacijoje analizuojama specifinė reguliavimo priemonė – reguliacinės sutartys viešojoje teisėje. Ši priemonė apima tiek privatinės, tiek viešosios teisės elementus: sutartį, kaip reguliavimo būdą, ir viešąją teisę, kaip reguliavimo sritį. Toks tradicinės privatinės teisės priemonės – sutarties – integravimas į viešąją teisę sukelia įvairias problemas ir klausimus. Būtent šie probleminiai klausimai yra analizuojami tyrime. Tyrimas parodo, kad skirtumas tarp viešosios ir privatinės teisės negali būti laikomas pakankama priežastimi atmesti sutarties panaudojimo viešojoje teisėje galimybes, ir atskleidžia sutarties specifikos poveikį viešosios teisės viešumo ir lygybės principams. Didžiausia tyrimo dalis yra skirta sutarties laisvės įtakos reguliacinėms sutartims viešojoje teisėje analizei. Nepaisant imperatyvaus viešosios teisės pobūdžio, sutarties laisvė yra ne tik įmanoma, bet ir yra vienas iš svarbiausių reikalavimų sudarant sutartis viešojoje teisėje. Visi tyrime nustatyti reguliacinių sutarčių viešojoje teisėje ypatumai daro įtaką jomis nustatyto reguliavimo taikymui, keitimo galimybėms ir teisminės peržiūros tvarkai: sutartinis reguliavimo pobūdis apsunkina nustatyto reguliavimo keitimą bei suteikia platesnes galimybes jo ginčijimui. / Distinction between public and private law is deeply rooted in Lithuania, as a continental law country, and is often treated as a basis for segregation of regulatory measures and methods. The doctoral thesis analyses specific regulation measure: regulatory contract in public law. It contains both private and public law elements: contract, as a way of regulation, and public law, as the area of regulation. Such transfer of contract, a traditional private law instrument, into public law causes various problems and dilemmas. These problematic application areas are the key target of the analysis. Paper shows that the difference between public and private law may not be treated as sufficient reason for declining contract usage for regulatory purposes in public law. It also explains the impact on public law principles of publicity and equality caused by specifics of the contract. Major part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of freedom of contract and its application to regulatory contracts in public law. Analysis shows that despite the imperative nature of the public law, freedom of contract is not only possible but also one of the most essential requirements for conclusion of contracts in public law area. All identified specifics have their impact on regulation modification possibilities and judicial review procedure: contractual aspect makes regulation amendments more complicated and also gives wider possibilities for challenging the established regulation.

This thesis is a comparative legal study of preliminary agreements in French and American law. / At the negotiation process, a preliminary agreement has numerous purposes. Those purposes vary with the parties' will. The contrasted concept of preliminary agreement and its hybrid legal nature give rise to legal issues, such as interpretation, enforceability and liability. Those issues are differently tackled in French and American law. / The ambiguity of pre-agreements allows the French and American judges to play a decisive role in the interpretation of such agreements. In accordance with its definiteness and completeness, the pre-agreement may be considered as the final contract and binds the parties. Then, in case of non respect, the blameworthy party may be held liable, and courts may grant damages to the party who has suffered prejudice.

<p>The paper focuses specifically on the South African Military Aerospace Industry as most of the weapons procured under the arms deal were military aircraft. Taking into account the numerous social needs of South Africa, the purpose of this paper is to inter alia try to establish the rationale behind the South African government's decision to to purchase an array of military weapons from foreign suppliers at an initial cost of almost thirty billion rand. In order to gain a better undrstanding of the topic, the author gives a brief overview and history of the South African Aerospace industry.Furthermore, an examination of the politics of the transition from apartheid to democracy and how this affected the aeropace industry is given.</p>

<p>The paper focuses specifically on the South African Military Aerospace Industry as most of the weapons procured under the arms deal were military aircraft. Taking into account the numerous social needs of South Africa, the purpose of this paper is to inter alia try to establish the rationale behind the South African government's decision to to purchase an array of military weapons from foreign suppliers at an initial cost of almost thirty billion rand. In order to gain a better undrstanding of the topic, the author gives a brief overview and history of the South African Aerospace industry.Furthermore, an examination of the politics of the transition from apartheid to democracy and how this affected the aeropace industry is given.</p>

Univ., Diss.--Aix-Marseille, 2003.