This thesis explores the atmospheric sequences within a steel museum located in the South Side Works of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The South Side Works, once a historic steel production area, is now undergoing renewal and redevelopment, yet it still retains traces of its industrial past. The exploration begins by examining the pre-union steel production space, characterized by hazardous conditions, limited natural lighting, and uncomfortable indoor temperatures. Visitors are transported to the 19th-century factory workers' world, experiencing the dim light from above, sweltering heat, dirt on the ground, and the large scale of the production space. This atmosphere contrasts with the post-union era, marked by enhanced natural light, modern steel construction, and a connection to the outdoors. The shift signifies increased attention to workers' rights and well-being, moving from dehumanization to humanization, symbolized by the "Union Hall" where workers advocated for their rights.The "Union Hall", which is the turning point of the journey, serves as a symbol of empowerment and progress for steelworkers.Technological advancements have further improved the working environment, making the production process more standardized and automated. This thesis aims to narrate the story through the qualities of spaces—scale, steel construction, materials, and light—by utilizing architecture study methods including modeling, sketches, lighting studies, and architectural drawings. By showcasing two contrasting spaces, it explores how the sequence of space, along with materials, light, and scale, shapes the architectural spaces and atmosphere within the museum, reflecting the evolution from furnace to fairness. / Master of Architecture / This thesis explores the atmospheric sequences within a steel museum located in the South Side Works of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The South Side Works, once a historic steel production area, is now undergoing renewal and redevelopment, yet it still retains traces of its industrial past. The exploration begins by examining the pre-union steel production space, characterized by hazardous conditions, limited natural lighting, and uncomfortable indoor temperatures. This atmosphere contrasts with the post-union era, marked by enhanced natural light, modern steel construction, and a connection to the outdoors. The shift signifies increased attention to workers' rights and well-being, moving from dehumanization to humanization, symbolized by the "Union Hall" where workers advocated for their rights.The "Union Hall", which is the turning point of the journey, serves as a symbol of empowerment and progress for steelworkers. This thesis aims to narrate the story through the qualities of spaces—scale, steel construction, materials, and light—by utilizing architecture study methods including modeling, sketches, lighting studies, and architectural drawings.

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Yes / Modern cardiac x-ray imaging systems regulate their radiation output based on the thickness of the patient to maintain an acceptable signal at the input of the x-ray detector. This approach does not account for the context of the examination or the content of the image displayed. We have developed a machine vision algorithm that detects iodine-filled blood vessels and fits an idealized vessel model with the key parameters of contrast, diameter, and linear attenuation coefficient. The spatio-temporal distribution of the linear attenuation coefficient samples, when appropriately arranged, can be described by a simple linear relationship, despite the complexity of scene information. The algorithm was tested on static anthropomorphic chest phantom images under different radiographic factors and 60 dynamic clinical image sequences. It was found to be robust and sensitive to changes in vessel contrast resulting from variations in system parameters. The machine vision algorithm has the potential of extracting real-time context sensitive information that may be used for augmenting existing dose control strategies. / Project PANORAMA, funded by grants from Belgium, Italy, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and the ENIAC Joint Undertaking.

Yes / The purpose of this work is to report on a machine vision approach for the automated measurement of x-ray image contrast of coronary arteries lled with iodine contrast media during interventional cardiac procedures. A machine vision algorithm was developed that creates a binary mask of the principal vessels of the coronary artery tree by thresholding a standard deviation map of the direction image of the cardiac scene derived using a Frangi lter. Using the mask, average contrast is calculated by tting a Gaussian model to the greyscale pro le orthogonal to the vessel centre line at a number of points along the vessel. The algorithm was applied to sections of single image frames from 30 left and 30 right coronary artery image sequences from di erent patients. Manual measurements of average contrast were also performed on the same images. A Bland-Altman analysis indicates good agreement between the two methods with 95% con dence intervals -0.046 to +0.048 with a mean bias of 0.001. The machine vision algorithm has the potential of providing real-time context sensitive information so that radiographic imaging control parameters could be adjusted on the basis of clinically relevant image content. / Project PANORAMA, funded by grants from Belgium, Italy, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, and the ENIAC Joint Undertaking.

Purpose: To compare hemodynamic of malignant and benign SRMs on CT and CEUS. Method: Seventy biopsy proven SRM underwent CEUS. Sixty-three had CT. After injection of 0.2 ml of Definity, 3min and after 0.9 ml infusion, 30 sec of data were acquires. Lesion hemodynamics relative to the cortex was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: Considering 15 and 20 HU as enhancement threshold, 10% to 13% of patients did not enhance on CT, while all lesions enhanced on CEUS. Papillary RCCs showed hypovascularity with 100% specificity. In other RCCs, PI, WI slope 5 to45%, 50 to100%, 10 to 90%, WO slope 100 to 50%, 100 to 10%, WO intensity at peak+30 seconds were statistically higher than benign SRMs. Conclusion: All solid SRMs enhance on CEUS, while CT does not show vascularity in 10-13% of solid SRMs. CEUS can differentiate malignant from benign SRMs by evaluating their hemodynamics.

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) have tremendous potential for in vivo molecular imaging because of their high sensitivity and great spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. However, the diagnostic potential of UCAs has been difficult to exploit because current contrast agents are based on pre-formed microbubbles, which can only detect cell surface receptors. In this work, we demonstrated that chemical reactions that generate gas forming molecules can be used to perform molecular imaging by ultrasound in vivo. This new approach for generating ultrasound contrast agents was demonstrated by imaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo with allylhydrazine, a compound that is converted into nitrogen and propylene gas after reacting with radical oxidants. We demonstrated that allylhydrazine encapsulated within liposomes (termed APLs) can detect a 10 uM concentration of radical oxidants by ultrasound, and can image oxidative stress in mice, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using a clinical ultrasound machine. We showed that a 1-2% increase in gas concentration above saturation can be detected acoustically and suggest that numerous biological targets can be imaged via appropriately designed gas forming reactions. This work was the first demonstration of in vivo imaging of ROS using ultrasound, and this work presented a new strategy to generate gas bubbles from reactions involving radical oxidants. We anticipate numerous applications of chemically generated microbubbles, given the excellent spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging, its widespread clinical use and its high sensitivity to detect gas bubbles.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 101 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99).

Purpose: To compare hemodynamic of malignant and benign SRMs on CT and CEUS. Method: Seventy biopsy proven SRM underwent CEUS. Sixty-three had CT. After injection of 0.2 ml of Definity, 3min and after 0.9 ml infusion, 30 sec of data were acquires. Lesion hemodynamics relative to the cortex was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: Considering 15 and 20 HU as enhancement threshold, 10% to 13% of patients did not enhance on CT, while all lesions enhanced on CEUS. Papillary RCCs showed hypovascularity with 100% specificity. In other RCCs, PI, WI slope 5 to45%, 50 to100%, 10 to 90%, WO slope 100 to 50%, 100 to 10%, WO intensity at peak+30 seconds were statistically higher than benign SRMs. Conclusion: All solid SRMs enhance on CEUS, while CT does not show vascularity in 10-13% of solid SRMs. CEUS can differentiate malignant from benign SRMs by evaluating their hemodynamics.

This thesis explores the theory describing wavefunctions and images, both elastic and inelastic, formed in scanning transmission electron microscopy. / A method is presented for calculating the elastic wavefunction based upon a new formulation of the boundary conditions which couples the probe to Bloch states within the crystal in a single step. Though this method is fundamentally equivalent to previous approaches based upon the superposition of wavefunctions corresponding to individual plane wave components in the incident probe, it provides new insight into the some of the dynamics, allows for efficient calculations, and proves useful for demonstrating well known results such as reciprocity relations. A formal inversion technique is also presented that uses a collection of diffraction plane data in scanning transmission electron microscopy to reconstruct the object potential, even in the presence of strong multiple scattering. / The new form of the boundary conditions allows for a generalization of a crosssection expression for calculating inelastic images, making use of the theory of mixed dynamic form factors. This enables the simulation of images for a range of inelastic mechanisms, including thermal scattering, used to simulate high-angle annular dark field imaging, and inner-shell ionization, used to simulate electron energy loss spectroscopy images. A multislice form of this expression is given. Selection between the methods can thus be based on the sample of interest: the Bloch wave method is very efficient when the sample is crystalline; the multislice method is more appropriate if the sample lacks periodicity. / The issue of cross-talk, where dynamical probe spreading may result in a signal containing contributions from several columns and therefore confound direct interpretation, is assessed for high-angle annular dark field imaging. Single atom images are simulated to provide an estimate of the localization of signal in electron energy loss spectroscopy, and confirm that the limitations of probe size generally outweigh those of the nature of the ionization interaction. The feasibility of column-by-column spectroscopic identification is demonstrated through a combination of experimental data and supporting calculations. Data demonstrating the location and spectroscopic identification of a single impurity atom in the bulk are supported by simulation and it is demonstrated that a quantitative comparison can offer further useful information: an estimate for the depth of the impurity. / The contribution to electron energy loss spectroscopy images from electrons which have undergone thermal scattering prior to causing an inner-shell ionization event is assessed. It is concluded that this contribution is significant in strongly scattering specimens imaged using fine probes. It will be necessary to include this contribution if quantitative comparisons are to be made.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.