In the first, we design and implement a Two -Point Voltage-Controlled Oscillator which applied in Open-Loop and Two-Point Close-Loop Modulation Bluetooth transmitter and include Hybrid and CMOS RFIC design. Second, we design six LTCC embedded components including inductors and capacitors. The extraction result via traditional equivalent £kmodel match the simulation and the frequency response of adopted model can accurate to device¡¦s Self-Resonant-Frequency nearby compare with measurement. In the end, we design and implement a LTCC Two-Point Voltage-Controlled Oscillator module and effective ly reduce the module size.

This study evaluated the potential use of an antimicrobial packaging system in combination with electron beam irradiation to enhance quality of fresh produce. Irradiated romaine lettuce up to 3.2 kGy showed negligible (p > 0.05) changes in color, but texture and sensory attributes were less acceptable with increased dose. We established the antimicrobial effectiveness of various active compounds incorporated into the low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/polyamide films to increase radiation sensitivity of surrogate bacteria (Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli). All films showed inhibition zones in an agar diffusion test. In the liquid culture test, the active compounds reduced the specific growth rate and decreased final cell concentration of strains. Films incorporated with active compounds increased the radiation sensitivity of the tested strains, demonstrating their potential to reduce the dose required to control microbial contamination using electron beam technology. The active compounds maintained their antimicrobial activity by exposure to ionizing radiation up to 3 kGy. Antimicrobial activity of LDPE/polyamide films incorporated with transcinnamaldehyde was tested with fresh-cut romaine lettuce. Total aerobic plate counts (APC) and yeast and mold counts (YMC) were determined as a function of dose (0, 0.5, and 1.0 kGy) for 14 days of storage at 4°C. Irradiation exposure significantly lowered APCs of lettuce samples by 1-log CFU/g compared to the non-irradiated controls; however, it only slightly reduced YMCs. The effectiveness of using irradiation with antimicrobial films was enhanced with increased radiation dose and transcinnamaldehyde concentration. Electron beam irradiation up to 20 kGy did not affect the tensile strength and toughness of the polymeric films. The film’s flexibility and barrier properties were significantly improved by exposure to 20 kGy. The addition of an active compound did not affect the tensile strength and barrier properties of the films, but decreased the percent elongation-at-break and toughness, making them slightly more brittle. Ionizing radiation affected the release kinetics of the antimicrobial agent from the packaging material into a model food system. Irradiated films exhibited slower release rates than non-irradiated film by 69%. In addition, release rate was lower at 4ºC by 62.6% than at 21-35ºC. The pH of the simulant solution affected release rate with pH 4 yielding higher rates than pH 7 and 10.

The objective of this thesis is to introduce an alternative temperature sensor in CMOS technology with small area, low power consumption, and high resolution that can be easily interfaced. A novel temperature sensor utilizing the interface–trap charge pumping phenomenon and the temperature sensitivity of generation current is proposed. This thesis presents the design and characterization of the proposed temperature sensor fabricated in 0.18µm CMOS technology. The prototype sensor is characterized for the temperature range of 27oC–120oC. It has frequency output and exhibits linear transfer characteristics, high sensitivity, and high resolution. This temperature sensor is proposed for microprocessor thermal management applications.

Version-controlled documents, such as Wikipedia or program codes in Subversion, demands a novel methodology to be analyzed efficiently. The documents are continually edited by one or more authors in contrast of the case of static documents. These collaborative processses make traditional methodologies to be ineffective, yet needs for efficient methodologies are rapidly developing. This paper proposes two new models based on Local Space-time Smoothing (LSS) which captures important revision patterns while Cumulative Revision Map (CRM) tracks word insertions and deletions in particular positions of a document. These two methods enable us to understand and visualize the revision patterns intuitively and efficiently. Synthetic data and real-world data are used to demonstrate its applicability.

The presence of a large pinch velocity in the edge pedestal of high confinement (H-mode) tokamak plasmas implies that particle transport in the plasma edge must be treated by a pinch-diffusion theory, rather than a pure diffusion theory. Momentum balance also requires the inclusion of a pinch term in descriptions of edge particle transport. A numerical investigation of solving generalized pinch-diffusion theory using methods extended from the numerical solution methodology of pure diffusion theory has been carried out. The generalized diffusion equation has been numerically integrated using the central finite-difference approximation for the diffusion term and three finite difference approximations of the pinch term, and then solved using Gauss reduction. The pinch-diffusion relation for the radial particle flux was solved directly and used as a benchmark for the finite-difference algorithm solutions to the generalized diffusion equation. Both equations are solved using several mesh spacings, and it is found that a finer mesh spacing will be required in the edge pedestal, where the inward pinch velocity is large in H-mode plasmas, than is necessary for similar accuracy further inward where the pinch velocity diminishes. An expression for the numerical error of various finite-differencing algorithms is presented.

<p>Most states within the EU have some kind of CFC-legislation that allows the state in question to tax its residents for gains accrued within foreign companies that they control. CFC-legislations are usually said to counteract tax avoidance and they generally target only income of companies in low tax regimes. Such tax regimes are however not only found in pure tax havens. Some of the member states of the EU have set up preferential tax regimes, often limited to foreign financial offshore activities. Can it be a restriction of the freedom of establishment in article 43 EC to tax a resident taxpayer on CFC-basis for the income of a company resident in another member state? In the affirmative, can such a restriction be justified and if so, on which ground? Can it perhaps be easier to argue in favour of CFC-rules after the recent judgment of Marks and Spencer where the ECJ seems to have applied a broader ground of justification in respect of the counteraction of tax avoidance?</p><p>These are some of the main questions dealt with in this thesis.</p>

<p>Background:</p><p>Family-business is considered to be the most frequent and complex form of business</p><p>organization around the world. However, recently there has been a large number of</p><p>corporate scandals in such firms especially at the board level (e.g. Parmalat). Within the</p><p>framework of two corporate governance models characterized by the Continental European</p><p>and the Anglo-Saxon model, boards of directors hold a central position. This position</p><p>becomes of great importance when talking about public companies and more specifically in</p><p>public family-controlled companies. The concentration of ownership is the main</p><p>characteristic of the Continental European, which is the most workable form of corporate</p><p>governance for family-controlled business. Nevertheless, family-controlled companies acting</p><p>under the Anglo-Saxon model have also been able to operate successfully. Therefore, we</p><p>will investigate if there is a convergence of corporate governance in family-controlled</p><p>companies across frontiers focusing mainly on boards’ structures and composition as well as</p><p>ownership, and the sub-committees.</p><p>Purpose:</p><p>The overall purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of Corporate</p><p>Governance in public Family-controlled firms which are in the Swedish and United</p><p>Kingdom stock market. More specifically, investigate whether the boards’ structures and</p><p>composition, as well as ownership and the existence of sub-committees show similarities or</p><p>not in Family-controlled firms acting within the framework of an Anglo-Saxon and</p><p>Continental model of Corporate Governance</p><p>Method:</p><p>A quantitative approach was used to fulfill the purpose of this thesis. Furthermore, the top</p><p>10 family-controlled companies with highest market-capitalization have been selected from</p><p>both countries to constitute our sample. The empirical material was gathered mainly from</p><p>the annual reports of the companies but also by contacting the companies by email or from</p><p>articles in online newspapers.</p><p>Conclusion:</p><p>This study found that in some aspects of corporate governance convergence exists while in</p><p>others it does not. Regarding board structures and composition, there is a convergence to</p><p>“one tier board” and the presence of family members and employee representation in boards.</p><p>On the other hand, when it comes to the sizes of the boards and number of independent</p><p>directors in the boards we argue that convergence is not present.</p>

<p>Understanding technical documentation is of vital importance, since instructions and descriptions are given about how technical products are used, maintained and repaired. Because of the increased economic globalization, more and more documentation is both written in English by non-native English writers, and delivered to non-native English readers. More and more documentation is also translated by means of computerized aids. In order to improve comprehension and translatability of technical documentation, controlled languages are created. Controlled languages are subsets of ordinary languages, but with restricted vocabularies and writing rules.</p><p>The aim of this report is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages for Swedish export companies to use Simplified Technical English (STE), which is a controlled language, for their technical documentation. In this work technical writers are asked about their opinions of STE. Additionally, technical texts written in traditional English are compared with versions written in STE, in order to find out whether texts written in a controlled language are easier to read or not. Within the comparison, the differences between the versions are discussed and a readability measurement is done. The measurement showed that readability in technical documentation is improved by using STE. The writers’ opinions are illuminated in three areas, which are: higher documentation quality, reduced translation costs and reduced production costs.</p>

Bakgrund: De verksamheter som bedriver miljöfarlig verksamhet enligt miljöbalkenär anmälnings- eller tillståndspliktiga. Dessa företag ska lämnamiljöinformation i förvaltningsberättelsen. Tidigare studier visar attföretagen inte följer denna regel fullt ut. Som förklaring till företagensval av att miljöredovisa eller att inte redovisa sin miljöpåverkan användervi oss av legitimitetsteorin och intressentteorin.Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att för år 2013 se hur väl detillståndspliktiga företagen i Dalarna följer lagen om miljöredovisningoch vilka faktorer som kan förklara deras tillämpning av lagen.Metod: Studien bygger huvudsakligen på kvantitativ metod med inslag avkvalitativ metod. Vi använder en deduktiv ansats för att skapa fyrahypoteser om omsättning, branschtillhörighet, revisionsbyrå ochskuldsättningsgrad. Urvalet är de tillståndspliktiga företagen i Dalarna.Varje företag kan ha flera enheter som är tillståndspliktiga och vårt urval,Dalarna, blir 209 enheter varav 116 är stora enheter.Slutsats: Företagen i Dalarna uppfyller inte lagen om reglerad miljöredovisning tillfullo. Endast 18 av 116 stora enheter uppfyller alla fyra punkterna.Däremot är det 61,2 procent av de stora enheterna som får tre poäng.Som en jämförelse med Ljungdahls studie där nästan 27 procent når trepoäng ser vi en klar förbättring. De faktorer som kan förklara företagenstillämpning av lagen i vår undersökning är omsättning, de som anlitarrevisionsbyrån PwC samt branschtillhörighet avlopp och avfall. Av defyra hypoteser som vi använder är det en som stämmer, två som förkastasoch en som vi inte med säkerhet kan avgöra om den ska vara kvar ellerförkastas. / Background: Companies that require permits under the Environmental Code are forcedto provide environmental information in the annual report. Previousstudies show that companies do not follow this rule entirely. We uselegitimacy theory and stakeholder theory to explain companies’ choice toreport or not report the environmental impact.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how well the permit businesses inDalarna, for the year 2013, follow the law of mandatory environmentaldisclosure and which factors influencing their applications of the law.Methods: The study is based mainly on quantitative method with elements ofqualitative method. We use a deductive approach to create fourhypotheses. They are revenue, industry, accounting firm and leverage.The selection is the licensed businesses in Dalarna. Each company canhave multiple units that require a license. Our sample, Dalarna, gets 209units of which 116 are units that belongs to large companies.Conclusion: Companies in Dalarna do not fulfill the law of mandatory environmentalreport entirely. Only 18 of the 116 large units meet all four points.However, it is 61.2 per cent of the large units who get three points. Wecan see a clear improvement in comparison with Ljungdahls study. In hisstudy there were almost 27 percent of the companies who reach threepoints. The factors that influence companies' application of the law in oursurvey is revenue, accountancy firm PwC and also industry affiliationsewage and waste. Of the four hypotheses we use there is one that's right,two that are rejected and one that we cannot with certainty determinewhether it should be retained or rejected.

Abstract Despite documented health benefits, most breast cancer survivors (BCS) do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines. Hence, evaluating diverse intervention approaches to promote PA in BCS is imperative. Motivational Interviewing (MI) offers a non-prescriptive, client-centered approach to PA promotion that has not been adequately evaluated in BCS. In this randomized-controlled trial, 66 Stage 0-IIIa BCS within three years post-treatment, insufficiently active and contemplating increasing PA were randomly assigned to a MI intervention or an active control condition. The MI intervention implemented motivational and behavior change strategies consistent with MI principles. The active control condition provided education and prescriptive recommendations on diet, PA, and stress management. Participants completed two in-person and one phone-based sessions over 4 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6-week, and 12-week follow-up. The primary outcome was efficacy of the MI intervention to promote PA. Contrary to the hypothesis that the MI intervention would be superior, PA improvements were evident for both groups, with 60% of all participants meeting PA guidelines at 12-week follow-up. Secondary outcomes involved intervention effects on depressive symptoms, fatigue, vigor, and aerobic fitness. Contrary to hypotheses, improvements in secondary outcomes were evident for both groups. Exploratory moderation analyses yielded no group differences in PA outcomes based on baseline activity level, perceived stress, age, or body mass index. Exploratory mediation analyses indicated that the relationships between group assignment and change in secondary outcomes were not mediated by change in PA. In analyses of the combined sample, higher baseline aerobic fitness predicted greater improvement in PA over time. Overall, results suggest that diverse intervention approaches can help promote PA in BCS. Future research should evaluate long-term maintenance of gains and theoretical mechanisms of the intervention effect.