Orientador: Victor Orlando Gamarra Rosado / Banca: José Elias Tomazini / Banca: Luiz Eduardo Nicolini do Patrocínio Nunes / Resumo : Devido às necessidades de se automatizar parte de seu processo para garantir os resultados projetados e obter maior segurança nas operações, desenvolveu-se um projeto para a implementação de um sistema para o controle da pressão interna de um reator, em uma indústria química. Através de minuciosos estudos sobre estrutura de controle PID e métodos clássicos de sintonia de Ziegler e Nichols, e após analisar em ambientes de simulação, o comportamento da resposta da planta diante das ações de controle, foi proposto um sistema completo, contendo um modelo sintonizado de controlador PID (Proporcional, Integrativo e Derivativo) para ser integrado no Sistema Digital de Controle Distribuído (SDCD), existente na empresa, com estratégia de controle em faixa dividida. Tal sistema foi aplicado no processo real e mostrou-se eficiente e de fácil aplicabilidade, trazendo resultados satisfatórios no controle da pressão e imediatas justificativas para o investimento / Abstract: Due to the need to automate part of the process to ensure the projected results and to get more operational safety, it was developed a project for the implementation of a system for internal pressure control of a reactor in a chemical industry. Through detailed studies of control structure PID and Ziegler and Nichols classic tuning methods, and after analyzing in simulation environments the behavior of plant response on control actions, it was proposed a complete system, containing a controller tuned model PID (Proportional, Integrative and Derivative) to be integrated into the Digital Distributed Control System, belonging the company, with split range control strategy. This system was applied to the current process and it was proved to be efficient and easily applied, bringing satisfactory results in pressure control and immediate justification for the investment / Mestre

Orientador: Aparecido Augusto de Carvalho / Banca: Erica Regina Marani Daruichi Machado / Banca: Ruberlei Gaino / Resumo: A Estimulação Elétrica Funcional (FES - Functional Electrical Stimulation) tem sido utilizada na ajuda do restabelecimento de funções motoras em pacientes hemiplégicos e paraplégicos. A estimulação aplicada em níveis adequados pode ser tão eficaz no fortalecimento muscular quanto uma contração muscular voluntária. Este trabalho faz parte de um projeto multidisciplinar que integra controle e instrumentação que tem por objetivo controlar os movimentos dos membros inferiores de pacientes paraplégicos. Utilizando um processador digital de sinais e um modelo matemático linear simplificado efetuou-se a implementação de um sistema de controle em malha fechada, por meio de um controlador PID, da posição da perna de uma pessoa hígida. Implementou-se também o circuito lógico de um estágio formador de onda de um Estimulador Elétrico Neuromuscular, utilizando LabVIEW. Os parâmetros de estirnulação podem ser alterados com agilidade e facilidade. Resultados experimentais ficaram muito próximos aos obtidos através das simulações. O sistema de controle conseguiu estabilizar a posição da perna de pessoas hígidas no ângulo desejado / Abstract: The Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has been used to help restore motor functions of hemiplegic and paraplegic patients. The FES applied at appropriate levels can be as effective in muscle strengthening as a voluntary muscle contraction. This work is part of a multidisciplinary project that integrates control systems and instrumentation to control the movements of the lower limbs of paraplegic patients. Using a digital signal processor and a simplified linear mathematical model, a PID controller was implemented with the aim of controlling the position of the leg of healthy patients. The Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulator logic circuit was implemented using LabVIEW. The stimulation parameters can be changed easily and quickly. The experimental results were very elose to those simulated. The control system was able to stabilize the position of the leg of a patient at a desired angle / Mestre

Orientador: Jose Geraldo Pena de Andrade / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T05:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giacomini_MarcosRoberto_D.pdf: 3148192 bytes, checksum: 975bbc84589e07811d6b2dcf58814dfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma nova proposta para obter os parâmetros do regulador de uma turbina hidráulica, com o objetivo de melhorar o controle operacional de uma usina hidrelétrica. Dentre os diversos métodos existentes, o método de Ziegler-Nichols mostra-se adequado porque na determinação dos parâmetros do regulador efetuam-se simulações que consideram todo o comportamento hidráulico da instalação e da máquina. A partir de inúmeras simulações, para a estabilização da rotação adimensional, variando o tempo da água, o tempo da máquina e a rejeição, percebeu-se que os coeficientes utilizados no método de Ziegler-Nichols não apresentavam bons resultados em algumas situações, deixando evidente a necessidade de uma adequação. As equações propostas neste trabalho permitem a obtenção de valores mais adequados para as constantes proporcional, integral e derivativa através dos valores da constante proporcional última e do período último, como já utilizado no método de Ziegler-Nichols, em função do tempo da água, do tempo da máquina e da rejeição da potência / Abstract: This work presents a new proposal to obtain the parameters of the regulator of a hydraulic turbine, looking for the goal to increase the operational control of a hydroelectric power plant. Among many existing methods, the Ziegler-Nichols shows itself adequate because in the determination of the parameters of the regulator simulations are carried out witch consider all the hydraulic behavior of the installation and the machine. From many simulations, to the adimensional rotation stabilization, varying the water time, the machine time and the rejection, it was realized that the coefficients used in the Ziegler-Nichols method weren't presenting good results in some situations, leaving evident the needy of an adaptation. The equations suggested in this work allow obtaining more adequate values to the proportional, integral and derivative constants, through the constant last proportional values and the last period, as already used in the Ziegler-Nichols method in function of the water time, the machine time and the power rejection / Doutorado / Recursos Hidricos / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Edevar Luvizotto Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T20:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ghidetti_AriltonJose_M.pdf: 3270647 bytes, checksum: d5b718b43ee9a69efab843d850099b49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação do emprego do Método das Vazões Mínimas Noturnas quando aplicado a um Setor de Abastecimento utilizando bombeamento direto com variação de rotação. O método de simples concepção é empregado na obtenção das informações para a elaboração de um diagnóstico de perdas de água em sistemas de abastecimento. No caso apresentado nesse trabalho o método foi aperfeiçoado possibilitando sua aplicação prática à realidade do setor investigado. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o método, após o aperfeiçoamento proposto é adequado se utilizarmos como diretriz a comparação e verificação dos resultados obtidos durante a pesquisa com o valor de perdas totais obtidos via balanço hídrico de todo o Município de Itapetininga, podendo inclusive ser utilizado em outros setores que empregam bombeamento com rotação variável, uma tendência observável nos grandes sistemas de abastecimento e, certamente para os quais o método da vazão mínima noturna pode proporcionar um efetivo suporte nas investigações de perdas / Abstract: This paper presents a review of the use of Method of Minimum Flows Night when applied to a Sector Supply using direct pumping with variable speed. The simple design method is employed to obtain the information for making a diagnosis of loss of water supply systems. In the case presented in this work the method was perfected allowing its practical application to the reality of the sector investigated. The results showed that the method after the improvement proposed is appropriate if we use as a guideline the comparison and verification of results obtained during the survey of the value of total losses obtained via water balance of the entire city of Itapetininga, and may even be used in other industries that employ variable speed pumping, a trend observable in large supply system sand certainly for which the minimum night flow method can provide an effective support in investigations of losses / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

In this thesis we will examine a telecom industry case, where combining synchronous and asynchronous interfaces causes problems. A solution to the problem is being presented in form of an interface controller framework that is based on patterns of common functionality of interface controllers. The solution is implemented using four different implementation methods (Java, Erlang, XDE, Executable UML), and compared in lines of code, performance and throughput. / I rapporten undersöks ett fall i telekominudstrin, där kombinerandet av synkrona och asynkrona interface orsakar problem. En lösning på problemet är presenterat i form av ett framework för interface controllers som är baserat på mönster som beskriver den gemensamma funktionaliten i interface controllers. Lösningen är implementerad med hjälp av fyra olika implementeringsmetoder (Java, Erlang, XDE och Executable UML), där rader kod och prestanda jämförs. / pt00cbj@student.bth.se pt00psa@student.bth.se

Prof. A.L. Nel

Dos nos jours, l'évolution croissante des domaines d'application des circuits intégrés impose aux industriels de nouvelles contraintes de conception. Afin de réaliser des circuits électroniques plus denses et plus performants, ils cherchent à faire cohabiter plusieurs types de composants sur des surfaces plus petites et de surcroît, fonctionnant à des fréquences de plus en plus élevées. Cependant, cette cohabitation pourrait générer des problèmes de CEM (compatibilité électromagnétique). Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire rentrent dans le cadre du projet de recherche SEISME (Simulation de l'Emission et de l'Immunité des Systèmes et Modules Electroniques). Ils décrivent des méthodologies de mesure et de modélisation de’immunité conduite des circuits intégrés complexes comme les mémoires non volatiles ou bien les microcontrôleurs. L'objectif est d'étudier l'influence des changements de composants et de cartes sur le comportement électromagnétique d'un système électronique. Dans cette perspective, afin de valider son utilisation dans le cas des circuits intégrés complexes, une étude détaillée du standard de mesure DPI (Direct Power injection) est d'abord proposée. Basé sur cette dernière, un nouveau prototype de chemin de couplage est réalisé. Ce multiplexeur permet de superposer un signal agresseur à un signal fonctionnel, avec un chevauchement de leurs bandes de fréquences. Ainsi, il est possible d'agresser une broche fonctionnelle (horloge par exemple) d'un circuit intégré pendant son fonctionnement. Ensuite, une procédure de mesure globale d'immunité conduite est présentée. Elle permet de caractériser la susceptibilité conduite des circuits complexes en tenant compte des différents modes de fonctionnement et avec la possibilité d’utiliser un critère d’immunité fonctionnel ou électrique. Grâce à l'application de cette procédure à deux mémoires non volatiles compatibles broche à broche (mêmes caractéristiques mais de deux différents fournisseurs), il est possible de constater l’influence des technologies de fabrication sur l’immunité conduite de ce type de circuits. Par conséquent, l’effet du changement de composant sur le comportement électromagnétique d’un système électronique devient prédictible. Enfin pour la modélisation, deux méthodologies sont proposées. Une au niveau composant et l'autre au niveau carte. La démarche de modélisation au niveau composant repose sur le standard ICIM-CI (Integrated Circuit Immunity Model-Conducted Immunity) et vise à générer un modèle d’immunité simulable et prédictif. Grâce à l'application de cette démarche dans le contexte des mémoires non volatiles, il est possible de prédire leur immunité dans le cas de modification de l’impédance d'entrée par rajout d'éléments de filtrage par exemple. En ce qui concerne la modélisation au niveau carte, une procédure basée sur la proposition de modèle EBIM-CI (Electronic Board Immunity Model-Conducted Immunity) est développée. Elle consiste à générer un modèle d’immunité d’une carte électronique en utilisant les modèles des différents composants qui la constituent. Un cas d’étude a été défini. Le modèle issu de cette approche permet de simuler l’immunité conduite globale du démonstrateur ainsi que de prédire le comportement électromagnétique de ce dernier lors du changement d’un ou plusieurs composants. / Nowadays, the growing evolution of application fields for integrated circuits sets new constraints for designers and manufacturers. Due to continuous technological advances in integrated circuits, those have become smaller, denser and operational at higher frequencies. The miniaturization of integrated circuits has led to the reduction of power consumption and, thus, noise margins. Mixing digital and analog functions inside the same chip also makes electromagnetic interferences (EMis) more likely to spread and cause disturbances. As a result, complex ICs with coexisting different functions represent a challenge from an EMC point of view, as interferences can cause critical functional failures. The work presented in this manuscript falls within the SEISME project which aims, among others, to perform the simulation of both the emission and the immunity of electronic systems and modules at different levels (JC, PCB, equipment, system). More precisely, this work deals with the development of measurement and modeling methodologies for the characterization of the conducted immunity of complex ICs, such as microcontrollers and non-volatile memories. The main goal is to study the effect of component and/or board replacement on the electromagnetic behavior of a complete electronic system. In this context, a thorough study of the Direct Power Injection (DPI) technique is presented, thus validating its use for complex integrated circuits. Based on this study, a new prototype for the disturbance coupling path is proposed. It consists of a multiplexer that enables the superposition of a disturbance signal and a functional one with overlapping frequency bands. Therefore, it is possible to disturb an IC functional pin (a clock for instance) during its operation. Moreover, measurement procedure for conducted immunity is introduced. Its advantage is to make it possible to characterize the immunity of complex ICs by taking into account different operation modes as well as flexible immunity criteria (electrical / functional). Thanks to the application of this methodology for two different, non-volatile, pin-to-pin-compatible memories (having the same characteristics but different manufacturers), the influence of fabrication technology on the conducted immunity of such ICs is better identified and understood. As a consequence, the effect of changing components on the electromagnetic behavior of an electronic system has become predictable. As far as modeling aspects are concerned, two methodologies are presented in this manuscript. The first one deals with the immunity at the component level whereas the other involves board level immunity. At the IC level, the modeling approach is rather based on the ICIM-CI (lntegrated Circuit Immunity Model-Conducted Immunity) draft standard which makes it possible to extract simulation models that can be incorporated within IC design flows. Once applied to the context of non-volatile memories, this approach allows predicting their immunity in the case of modified input impedance, for example. As far as immunity modeling at the board level is concerned, the idea is to make use of ICIM-CI models corresponding to different ICs on the PCB in order to construct an Electronic Board Immunity Model for Conducted Immunity (EBIM-CI). A case study has been defined and the extracted model makes it possible to simulate the demonstrator's global conducted immunity as well as to predict its electromagnetic behavior following the replacement of one or more components.

This diploma thesis deals with developing of software, which allows access and control of programmable controllers through web interface. Software uses client server model and for communication between client and server is used Windows Communication Foundation interface which is integrated in Microsoft .NET Framework from version 3.0. Applications were written in C# programming language using .NET Framework libraries. Data visualization in web application was created by Microsoft Silverlight.

The models used by model predictive controllers (MPCs) to predict future outcomes are usually unconstrained forms like impulse or step responses and discrete state space models. Certain MPC algorithms allow constraints to be imposed on the inputs or outputs of a system; but they may be infeasible as they are not checked for consistency via the process model. Consistent constraint handling methods - which account for their interdependence and disambiguate the language used to specify constraints – would therefore be an attractive aid when using any MPC package. A rigorous and systematic approach to constraint management has been developed, building on the work of Vinson (2000), Lima (2007) and Georgakis et al. (2003) in interpreting constraint interactions. The method supports linear steady-state system models, and provides routines to obtain the following information: <ul> <li> effects of constraint changes on the corresponding input and output constraints, </li><li> feasibility checks for constraints, </li><li> specification of constraint-set size and</li><li> optimal fitting of constraints within the desirable input and output space.</li></ul> Mathematical rigour and unambiguous language for identifying constraint types were key design criteria. The outputs of the program provide guidance when handling constraints, as opposed to rules of thumb and experience, and promote understanding of the system and its constraints. The metrics presented are not specific to any commercial MPC and can be implemented in the user interfaces of such MPCs. The method was applied to laboratory-scale test rigs to illustrate the information obtained. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

No description available.