Syfte: Att jämföra patientens totala stråldos och undersökningstid från metoderna konventionell röntgen och genomlysning vid undersökningen belastade knän med artrosfrågeställning. Metod: Datainsamlingen utfördes genom att det delades ut dosprotokoll där röntgensjuksköterskorna på röntgenavdelningen fick skriva upp stråldoser och undersökningstid. Datainsamlingen gjordes under en fyraveckorsperiod på ett medelstort sjukhus i Sverige. Datainsamlingen jämfördes genom en hypotesprövning där det utfördes ett Mann-Whitney U-test med en signifikansnivå på fem procent för att se om nollhypotesen (ingen skillnad i stråldos eller tid) höll. Resultat: Studiens nollhypotes för stråldoserna förkastades som hade medelvärdet 444,37 mGycm² (genomlysning) och 212,24 mGycm² (konventionell röntgen). Nollhypotesen för undersökningstiderna förkastades också som hade medelvärdena 5,08 minuter (genomlysning) och 8,48 minuter (konventionell röntgen). Signifikansnivån för båda faktorerna var lägre än 0,001 och därför behölls mothypoteserna att det fanns en skillnad mellan modaliteterna. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visade att konventionell röntgen är den bäst lämpade metoden att använda stråldosmässigt medan genomlysningen är bäst lämpad tidsmässigt. Vilken metod som är lämpligast att använda som standard beror på olika faktorer som stråldos, undersökningstid, bildkvalité och ergonomi. Därför behövs det fler studier för att kunna sammanställa vilken metod som är bäst att använda för alla dessa faktorer. / Purpose:  To compare the patient's total radiation dose and the examination time from the methods conventional radiography and fluoroscopy during the examination congested knees with osteoarthritis issue. Method:  Data was collected by handing a dose protocol in which the radiographers in the radiology department were asked to write down the doses of radiation and the examination time. Data was collected over a period of four weeks in a medium-sized hospital in Sweden. The data collection was compared by one-tail test where a Mann-Whitney U-test was performed with a significant level of five percent to see if the null hypothesis (no difference in the radiation dose or time) was obtained. Results:  The study's null hypothesis regarding radiation doses was rejected due to that an average of 444.37 mGycm² (fluoroscopy) and 212.24 mGycm² (conventional radiography) was obtained. The study’s null hypothesis regarding the examination times had an average of 5.08 minutes (fluoroscopy) and 8.48 minutes (conventional radiography). As significant levels of both factors was less than 0.001 the alternative hypothesis was retained due to a difference between the modalities. Conclusion:  The study results showed that conventional radiography is the most appropriate method to use regarding radiation dose rate while fluoroscopy is best suited in terms of time. Witch method is most appropriate to use as a standard depends on various factors such as radiation dose, examination time, image quality and ergonomics. Therefore further studies is suggested to compile which method is best to use for all these factors.

Atualmente, no Brasil e exterior, as avaliações de peças industriais nos sistemas radiográficos são feitas durante ou após a fabricação de maneira a verificar a integridade interna das mesmas. Esses ensaios são de suma importância para atender os requisitos de normas, de projetos e de utilização, garantindo a qualidade e confiabilidade, reduzindo os riscos de quebra de equipamentos e para vidas humanas. Os ensaios radiográficos e fluoroscópicos industriais são métodos de ensaios não destrutivos que se baseiam na absorção diferenciada da radiação penetrante pela peça que está sendo ensaiada. Essa variação na quantidade de radiação absorvida é detectada através de um meio que irá nos indicar, entre outras coisas, a existência de uma descontinuidade interna. Este trabalho tem por objetivo fornecer uma base de dados concreta, baseada em experimentos práticos e reais, que gere conhecimento de suporte ao responsável pela instalação radioativa neste momento decisório através da comparação das diversas técnicas no ensaio de peças de ferro fundido nodular. Os ensaios de campo foram executados com equipamentos de raios X de energia máxima de 320 kV com potencial constante, em 15 peças de ferro fundido nodular, utilizando 05 técnicas de captação de imagem, que são: radiografia convencional, radiografia computadorizada, radiografia digital, fluoroscopia analógica e fluoroscopia digital. As radiografias resultantes dos diversos tipos de captação de imagem foram laudadas por inspetores qualificados pela norma de qualificação de pessoal na área aeronáutica (NAS 410, 2008), e os resultados dos ensaios, para verificar a melhor aderência de cada sistema de imagem com a Norma Nuclear CNEN-NE-3.01, onde qualquer atividade envolvendo radiação deve ser justificada em relação a outras alternativas e produzir um benefício líquido positivo. O nível da aceitabilidade das descontinuidades para que o inspetor possa laudar as radiografias é um acordo entre cliente e fornecedor e, neste caso, foi determinado o nível de qualidade de imagem de 2:4T um nível adequado de qualidade, 2:2T um nível bom e 2:1T um nível ótimo de qualidade de imagem. / Now a days, in Brazil and exterior, the evaluations of industrial parts through X-rays systems are made during or after producing verifying the internal integrity of them. Those testing are sum important for the norms requirements, of projects and utilization, guaranteeing the quality and reliability, reducing the equipment break risks and for human lives. The radiográficos and fluoroscópicos industrial testing are methods of non destructive testing that is based on the differentiated absorption of penetrating radiation by the part that is being tested. That variation in the radiation quantity absorbed is detected through an indicate environment, between other things, the existence of an internal descontinuidade. This paper has for objective supply a base of concrete facts, based in real and practical experiments, that manages knowledge of support to the responsible for the radioactive installation in this decisive moment through the comparison of diverse techniques tested in nodular cast iron parts. The field practice were performed with equipment of X-rays 320 kV maximum energy with constant potential, in 15 pieces nodular cast iron, utilizing 05 image collection techniques, that are: conventional x-ray, x-ray computerized, digital x-ray, fluoroscopia analog and fluoroscopia digital. The resultant x-rays of the diverse image collection kinds were attested by inspectors qualified by t personals qualification norm in the aeronautic area (IN THE 410, 2008), and the results of the testing, verify the better adhesion of each system of image to the Nuclear Norm CNEN-NE-3.01, where any activity involving radiation should be justified regarding other alternatives and produce a positive liquid benefit. The level of the acceptability of the descontinuidades for that the inspector be able to laudar the x-rays is an agreement between client and supplying and, in that case, was determined the image quality level of 2:4T, an adequate level of quality is 2:2T and great level of quality of 2:1T.

The work deals with physical principles of X-ray generation and development of image during projection and projection reconstruction. A proposal of user’s application in a Matlab – Guide is given, which can be used as a laboratory exercise of the simulation of the projection- and projection image reconstruction. The computer program involves an evaluation of a X-ray quality of CT RTG ZS – quantitative assessment of spatial resolution and as well as the acquisition contrast as a function on an object size. The main aim of the work was the comparison of the acquisition contrast at various acquisition projection and projection-reconstruction parameters. Also, the work is illustrated by some results achieved.