The present work approaches the preparation of a new resin derived from chitosan and its application in the flow preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of Cu2+ ions in ethanol fuel. The adsorbent was prepared from the functionalization of chitosan with the α-hydroxy-oxime (3-chloro-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutane-2-one oxime) whose modification was confirmed by elemental analysis, FTIR and MEV. Studies of complexation between the ligand and Cu2+ ions showed that the coordination compound has a green color, is  slightly soluble in water, preferably formed at pH 5.8 and absorbs strongly at 435 nm. Adsorption kinetic studies of Cu2+ ions on functionalized chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde follows a pseudo-second order model in 95.0 %(v/v) ethanolic media. The adsorption isotherms of Cu2+ ions in the adsorbent and in ethanol media fit the L2 and S1 type of Giles classification. Desorption studies showed a recovery of 90% of the metal adsorbed using 1.0 mol/L HCl as extractor. The adsorption of Cu2+ ions in ethanol media (~ 93%) was higher than that in water (~ 20%). The flow preconcentration of Cu2+ ions on the prepared adsorbent was realized by a margin from 10.0 to 100.0 ug/L, with an enrichment factor of 20 times, a detection limit of 6.5 ug/L and a quantification limit of 21.6 ug/L, resulting in a gain of sensitivity of 10 times the official cuprizone method. The preconcentration column prepared has been used in more than 60 percolation cycles without apparent loss of efficiency. The analysis of Cu2+ ions  in hydrated ethyl alcohol fuel through flow preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination with cuprizone revealed levels of this metal in the samples that agree, according to the paired t-test and considering  a 95% confidence level, with those obtained in the usual concentration method (evaporation). The standard recovery test showed acceptable recovery rates (92.0 to 107.8%) considering the complexity of the matrices analyzed. The interference of Fe3+ in the preconcentration of Cu2+ ions can be reduced by masking with NaF. The new resin was successfully applied in the flow preconcentration of Cu2+ ions in order the trace analysis of this metal cation in samples of ethanol fuel. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho aborda a preparação de uma nova resina derivada da quitosana e aplicação na pré-concentração em fluxo e determinação espectrofotométrica de íons Cu2+ em álcool etílico combustível. O adsorvente foi preparado a partir da funcionalização da quitosana com a α-hidroxi-oxima (3-cloro-1-hidroxi-3-metilbutan-2-ona oxima) cuja modificação foi confirmada mediante análise elementar, FTIR e MEV. Estudos de complexação entre o ligante e íons Cu2+ mostraram que o composto de coordenação apresenta uma coloração verde, é pouco solúvel em água, formado preferencialmente em pH 5,8 e absorve intensamente em 435 nm. Estudos de cinética de adsorção de íons Cu2+ em quitosana funcionalizada e reticulada com glutaraldeído segue o modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem em meio etanólico a 95,0%(v/v). As isotermas de adsorção de íons Cu2+ neste adsorvente e em meio etanólico se enquadram no tipo L2 e S1 da classificação de Giles. Estudos de dessorção mostraram uma recuperação de 90% do metal adsorvido usando HCl 1,0 mol/L como extrator. A adsorção de íons Cu2+ em meio etanólico (~93%) foi maior que em meio aquoso (~20%). A pré-concentração em fluxo de íons Cu2+ no adsorvente preparado foi realizada numa margem de 10,0 a 100,0 ug/L, apresentando um fator de enriquecimento de 20 vezes, um limite de detecção de 6,5 ug/L e um limite de quantificação de 21,6 ug/L, resultando em ganho de sensibilidade de 10 vezes no método oficial da cuprizona. A coluna de pré-concentração preparada foi utilizada em mais de 60 ciclos de percolação sem perda aparente de eficiência. As análises de íons Cu2+ em álcool etílico hidratado combustível através de pré-concentração em fluxo e determinação espectrofotométrica com cuprizona revelaram teores deste metal nas amostras concordantes, de acordo com o teste t-pareado e considerando um nível de confiança de 95%, com os obtidos através do método convencional de concentração (evaporação). O teste de recuperação de padrão revelou taxas de recuperação aceitáveis (92,0 a 107,8%) considerando a complexidade das matrizes analisadas. A interferência de Fe3+ na pré-concentração de íons Cu2+ pode ser reduzida mediante mascaramento com NaF. A nova resina foi aplicada com êxito na pré-concentração em fluxo de íons Cu2+ visando a análise de traços deste cátion metálico em amostras de álcool etílico combustível.

Name Relation between physical fitness and study results of primary school students Goal The goal of the thesis is to examine physical fitness of primary school students, compare it with their study results, and see if there is any relatioship between these two variables. Methods Physical fitness is tested with tests and norms of Unifittest (6-60) (Měkota, Kovář, 2002) and study results are generated with questionnaires. The answers are then matched with Unifittest's results of each student. Results are processed with the help of statistical methods. Results The results of Unifittest (6- 60) showed above-average or well above-average level of fitness with 89 % of individuals. Only 11 % of participants reached the average score. The best performance was detected with girls of the 9 ͭ ͪ grade and boys of the 7 ͭ ͪ grade. Spearman correlation coefficient showed a medium-strong relation between the Unifittest (6- 60) results and grades from Czech language, foreign language, and mathematics in 2 categories. 6 ͭ ͪ grade girls had the correlation rₛ= 0,51 and 8 ͭ ͪ grade girls rₛ= 0,56. Other categories showed very weak correlation relation. Keywords Unifittest, physical fitness, studying, youth, sit-ups, pull-ups, long jump, Cooper test

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This dissertation introduces some new properties of both superfluid phases of fermions with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and superradiant phases of photons in an optical cavity. The effects of SOC on the phase transition between normal and superfluid phase are revealed; an unconventional crossover driven by SOC from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) state to the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state is verified in three different systems; and two kinds of excitations, a Goldstone mode and a Higgs mode, are demonstrated to occur in a quantum optical system. We investigate the BCS superfluid state of two-component atomic Fermi gases in the presence of three kinds of SOCs. We find that SOC drives a class of BCS to BEC crossover that is different from the conventional one without SOC. Here, we extend the concepts of the coherence length and Cooper-pair size in the absence of SOC to Fermi systems with SOC. We study the dependence of chemical potential, coherence length, and Cooper-pair size on the SOC strength and the scattering length in three dimensions (3D) (or the twobody binding energy in two dimensions (2D)) for three attractively interacting Fermi gases with 3D Rashba, 3D Weyl, and 2D Rashba SOC respectively. By adding a population imbalance to a Fermi gas with Rashba-type SOC, we also map out the finite-temperature phase diagram. Due to a competition between SOC and population imbalance, the finite-temperature phase diagram reveals a large variety of new features, including the expanding of the superfluid state regime and the shrinking of both the phase separation and the normal regimes. We find that the tricritical point moves toward a regime of low temperature, high magnetic field, and high polarization as the SOC strength increases. Besides Fermi fluids, this dissertation also gives a new angle of view on the superradiant phase in the Dicke model. Here, we demonstrate that Goldstone and Higgs modes can be observed in an optical system with only a few atoms inside a cavity. The model we study is the U(1)/Z2 Dicke model with N qubits (two-level atoms) coupled to a single photon mode.

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Cette étude se place dans le champ des études transatlantiques afin d’analyser les modalités selon lesquelles les romances historiques ont constitué une réponse aux exigences lancinantes de doter les États-Unis d’une littérature nationale dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Créé en Grande-Bretagne par Walter Scott, ce genre est repris et adapté par ses contemporains américains, en particulier James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving et Catharine Maria Sedgwick. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié la réception de Walter Scott et de ses Waverley Novels et leur impact sur le marché du livre américain. Une analyse, notamment, des journaux qui fleurissent lors du regain de patriotisme de l’après-Guerre de 1812, a permis de montrer que se côtoient alors panégyriques de Walter Scott et appels récurrents à l’émergence d’un « Scott américain ». C’est ensuite la réponse des auteurs américains que nous avons étudiée. S’ils adoptent certains codes génériques scottiens afin de répondre à la volonté nationale de mettre en scène l’Histoire américaine, Cooper, Irving et Sedgwick font de leurs romances historiques le vecteur privilégié d’une mise en valeur de la matière américaine : une Histoire riche en événements, des ancêtres à célébrer, un territoire national aux propriétés spécifiques, qui la mettront sur un pied d’égalité avec les nations européennes. Alors que les romanciers utilisent leurs œuvres pour promouvoir une nation américaine culturellement distincte, s’opère une recomposition générique. La romance historique se fait alors le lieu d’une mythogenèse pour l’Amérique via l’écriture d’une épopée nationale, qui permet de remonter les âges vers une temporalité indéfinie afin de fonder la Jeune République en une nation organique, digne de soutenir la comparaison avec ses homologues outre-Atlantique. / This work, belonging to the field of transatlantic studies, analyses to what extend historical romances formed a response to the ongoing wish to provide the United States with a national literature in the first half of the nineteenth century. The genre, fashioned in Great Britain by Walter Scott, was taken up and adapted by his American contemporaries, and in particular, James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, and Catharine Maria Sedgwick. The first chapter tackles the reception of Walter Scott and of his Waverley Novels, and their impact on the American book market. Our analysis in particular of the newspapers and periodicals that flourished in the surge of patriotism following the War of 1812, has enabled us to show that the panegyrics for Walter Scott stood just alongside the recurrent calls in the same pages for the birth of an “American Scott.” The response given by the American authors forms the second part of our analysis. As they appropriate some of the generic traits of the Scottian historical romance in order to comply to the nation’s wish for a portrayal of American history, Cooper, Irving, and Sedgwick use the genre to showcase the American matter – a history full of events worth narrating, ancestors worth celebrating, and a national territory with its own features – that would bring the United States on a level with the European nations. As the writers thus promote a culturally distinct American nation, the genre gradually morphs into a form of national epic. Through this mythogenesis at work in the writings under study, the United States are given a timeline that dissolves into an indeterminate temporality, thereby shaping the Early Republic as an organic nation, fit for contention with its transatlantic counterparts.