The goal of this thesis is to evaluate and analyse legislation of membership rights and responsibilities transfer in cooperatives in Czech Republic. The legislation of this institution is quite austere and ambiguous leading to various problems in practice. This thesis is divided into five parts. The first part defines main sources of legislation on which current cooperatives are based on. The second part defines basic concepts of cooperative law, e.g. a cooperative, membership, membership share, membership rights and responsibilities and their relations. This part presents cooperative principles and outlines basic structure of each type of cooperative. The third one is the main part of the thesis and deals with legislation of membership rights transfer and responsibilities in general. It contains analysis of the specifics of membership rights and responsibilities among cooperative members and transfer between a cooperative member and a third person - a non-member. In addition, peculiarities of membership transfer in housing cooperatives are discussed. The next chapters focus in detail on legislation applied to the rights and responsibilities agreement, its content formalities, characteristics of the parties, issues of (non)corruption and its form. The fourth part contains a detailed explanation of...

潘文瀚. / "2006年6月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 145-152). / "2006 nian 6 yue" / Abstracts also in English. / Pan Wenhan. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 145-152). / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / 硏究問題及意義 --- p.1 / 硏究背景 --- p.3 / 理論綜述 --- p.9 / 硏究方法 --- p.17 / 論文大綱 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二章 --- 深圳女工寫照：「現代化」的困境 --- p.23 / 深圳的「崛起」與全球化生產 --- p.24 / 外來女工的生活 --- p.30 / 中國工運空間的縮減 --- p.39 / 小結 --- p.45 / Chapter 第三章 --- 合作社的出現 --- p.47 / 婦女團結理念：從服務到社運 --- p.48 / 婦女團結在深圳面對的困難 --- p.53 / 成立合作社的原因 --- p.58 / 女工合作社的發展過程 --- p.64 / 小結 --- p.69 / Chapter 第四章 --- 對合作社理念的不同詮釋 --- p.72 / 合作社的不同行動者 --- p.74 / 執委對合作社的理解 --- p.77 / 香港及本地職員：只是執行者？ --- p.85 / 女工：合作社的主體？ --- p.94 / 小結 --- p.110 / Chapter 第五章 --- 操作中的權力關係 --- p.112 / 日常運作中的權力地圖 --- p.113 / 特殊事件 --- p.127 / 小結 --- p.133 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.135 / 聆聽多元的聲音及經驗 --- p.136 / 處理權力關係中的不平等 --- p.138 / 另類發展的終極目標：充權 --- p.140 / 外來組織者在中國開展另類發展 --- p.143 / 參考文獻 --- p.145

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T22:00:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 12 / Nenhuma / O cooperativismo de crédito vem demonstrando um expressivo crescimento na última década no Rio Grande do Sul e neste sentido, o Sistema de Crédito Cooperativo – SICREDI RS tem contribuído significativamente para esse desenvolvimento. Constituído, atualmente, por 55 cooperativas e 447 Unidades de Atendimento, o SICREDI RS está presente atualmente em mais de 400 municípios e conta com mais de 700.000 associados. O vigoroso crescimento apresentado pelo SICREDI RS a partir de 1995 despertou o interesse pelo estudo das principais causas que estão contribuindo para tal. Desta forma, buscou-se verificar como os princípios cooperativos, em especial o da democracia e da intercooperação, estão sendo respeitados e qual a influência do Banco Central do Brasil na profissionalização da gestão das suas cooperativas. A pesquisa é considerada do tipo exploratório-descritiva, elaborada através de um estudo de caso. Para tanto, fez uso da análise de documentos e relatórios do SICREDI RS desde a sua fundação e, posteriormente, f / The credit cooperative has demonstrated an expressive growth in last decade in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and, in this matter, the Sistema de Crédito Cooperativo – SICREDI RS has contributed for this development considerably. SICREDI RS, which is constituted by 55 cooperatives and 447 branches, is present in more than 400 cities and has more than 700.000 members. Since 1995, SICREDI RS strong growth has interested people in studying the main causes that have contributed for its development. In this context, this paper has the objective of verifying how the cooperative principles, specially the democracy and the inter-cooperation, are being respected and what is the influence of Banco Central do Brasil (Brazilian Central Bank) in the professionalism of cooperatives management. It is an exploratory descriptive research, elaborated through a case study. For that, it was analyzed documents and reports of SICREDI RS since its constitution e, after, the members, the managers, the board of directors and the sta

As cooperativas agrícolas são estruturas econômicas intermediárias que possibilitama criação de condições mais favoráveis de relacionamento com os mercados. Conforme Cook (1995), estas organizações apresentam direitos de propriedade difusos ou vagamente definidos acarretando em dificuldades de gestão e ineficiência econômica.A partir dos aspectos mencionados,esta dissertação propôs-se a analisar e discutir a existência do problema do horizonte e do carona em cooperativas de produtores de leite familiares do Rio Grande do Sul, cooperativas estas com perfil diferenciado das organizações analisadas por Cook (1995) e posteriormente por autores brasileiros. Para tanto, utilizou-se de uma amostra intencional não probabilística onde foram pesquisadas 2 cooperativas de produtores de leite familiares.Foram aplicados 31 roteiros de entrevistas semiestruturadas aos produtores de leite cooperados, funcionários e presidentes das organizações selecionadas para o estudo. As entrevistas foram realizadas no segundo semestre de 2016. Os resultados apontam que os produtores possuem uma visão de curto prazo quanto ao empreendimento, ou seja, os produtores não estão dispostos a assumir riscos na organização e estão mais preocupados com sua propriedade agrícola do que com a organização cooperativa. Com relação às estratégias usadas para minimizar estes problemas, constatou-se que estas se apresentam de maneira diferenciada das estratégias propostas por Cook (1995). Percebeu-se ainda que os respondentes não possuem clara percepção das estratégias que são usadas na organização. Além disso, os cooperados não possuem visão clara de seu papel dentro da organização, esta indefinição gera espaço para ações oportunistas prejudicando a gestão das cooperativas. Pode-se considerar que os problemas oriundos dos direitos de propriedade difusos interferem e podem gerar ineficiências na gestão das organizações cooperativas de produtores de leite familiares no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Portanto, para a sobrevivência destas organizações é necessário que algumas estratégias sejam adotadase outras intensificadas para minimizar os problemas de governança observados. / Agricultural cooperatives are intermediary economic structures that allow the creation of more favorable conditions of relationship with the markets. According to Cook (1995), these organizations have diffuse or vaguely defined property rights leading to management difficulties and economic inefficiency. From the mentioned aspects, this dissertation proposed to analyze and discuss the existence of the problem of the horizon and the hitch in cooperatives of milk producers familiar in Rio Grande do Sul, cooperatives with a different profile of the organizations analyzed by Cook (1995) and later by Brazilian authors. For this purpose, a non-probabilistic intentional sample was used in which 2 cooperatives of family milk producers were surveyed. Thirty-one semi-structured interview scripts were applied to the cooperative milk producers, officials and presidents of the organizations selected for the study. Interviews were conducted in the second half of 2016. The results indicate that producers have a short-term view of the enterprise, ie producers are not willing to take risks in the organization and are more concerned with their agricultural property than with the cooperative organization. In relation to the strategies used to minimize these problems, these were presented in a different way from the strategies proposed by Cook (1995) It was also noticed that the respondents do not have a clear perception of the strategies that are used in the organization. In addition, cooperatives do not have a clear vision of their role within the organization, this lack of definition generates space for opportunistic actions that undermine the management of cooperatives. It can be considered that problems stemming from diffuse property rights interfere and may lead to inefficiencies in the management of cooperative organizations of milk producers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, for the survival of these organizations it is necessary that some strategies be adopted and others intensified to minimize observed governance problems.

Thesis (M.Sc. Agric. (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / Agriculture is the backbone and a very important sector of the South African economy. This is because it provides food and employment to a lot of people in the country especially those living in the rural areas. Smallholder farmers also play an important role in livelihood creation and also alleviation of poverty among the population in Limpopo province, but despite this, their productivity is low. A decline in agricultural productivity reduces market access resulting from low quality and quantity of produce by smallholder farmers which invariably affect their accessibility to market. This study therefore examined the determinants of market access and productivity among smallholder maize farmers in Lepelle-Nkumpi municipality using the Probit model and Cobb Douglass production functions. While the Probit regression model was used to analyse the effect of socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder maize farmers on market access, the Cobb Douglass production function was used to examine the determinants of productivity among the farmers in the study area. The results of the Probit regression analysis indicated that farm size, hired labour and maize produced per hectare had positive significant influence on probability of farmers accessing markets. Farm size and maize produced per hectare were statistically significant at 1% and hired labour was statistically significant at 5%. The results of Cobb Douglas Production Function indicated that the elasticities of market access, farm experience, fertilizers, capital and membership of association were significant and positive. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that farmers should be provided with market infrastructure and marketing information services. This will help the farmers in a way that the transaction cost will be minimised and farmers will not incur more cost when they participate in the markets. Farmers in the study area indicated that transportation cost is the major challenge facing them. This is because of the poor conditions of roads in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends that there should be inputs subsidy that helps farmers to improve their productivity.

Food justice movements focus on providing communities with local, sustainable, culturally appropriate, healthy food while empowering local economic systems that allow for autonomy of both producers and consumers (Caruso, C., 2014; Cadieux, K., 2015; Hayes, C. & Carbone, E., 2015). However, current food justice movements often price out and leave behind large portions of the population. Research has shown that engagement with local food systems contribute to feelings of place attachment and a sense of place (Solin, J., 2017; Alkon, A., 2011). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between volunteers at two alternative, cooperative community food markets in Lexington, Kentucky and their sense of place. Using an amalgamation of black feminist thought and ecofeminism, this qualitative study sought to better understand volunteer participation in the markets and, as a result, illuminate potential barriers to participation in the future. Interviews were conducted with market volunteers. Results indicate that place was significant in their decisions to participate in the markets, though participants did not conceive “place” as a geographical location, but rather a social and cultural atmosphere. In other words, volunteers presented a social construction of place. Other factors contributing to participation came about as a result of the study, including resistance and empowerment and geographies of care and responsibility. In relation to volunteer participation in alternative agro-food movements, the findings of this study indicate that more attention needs to be paid to the ways in which the social construction of place affect volunteer retention.

本研究的目的是研究組織間的合作行為，利用個案研究法針對國內的幾個 受到熱烈討論的合作案例和同一個產業內合作頻繁和方式多樣的旅行業為 個案。將實例中每一個合作利益的特性和合作成員的特性加以分析，並利 用利益特性和成員特性的不同可以找出每一個個案的合作情境的複雜程度 和合作成員的投入程度的高低；接著以這兩個程度的高低將合作分為簡單 重諾型?複雜重諾型?簡單輕諾型和複雜輕諾型等四種形態；再觀察這四 種形態的合作利益管理方式，發現可用這兩個構面可以分析管理方式的幾 種不同類型。經過分析可以得到四種主要的合作管理方式，分別是核心管 理式?共同管理式?代表管理式和交互管理式。這四種管理方式的區分構 面是組織間活動的正式化程度和中心成員的涉入程度，這兩個構面是將分 析管理方式中的變項綜合而得。分析合作管理方式的構面有合作前的準備 方式?組織間的關連方式?業務執行方式和事後利益分配方式。本研究所 得到的結論是合作情境複雜程度越高，評估選擇伙伴的標準正式化程度越 高?組織間互動程度越高?運作法則的正式化程度越高以及事後利益的分 配程度越低。合作成員的承諾程度越高，中心成員選擇伙伴的投入心力越 高?組織間會以中心成員為主的關連方式?中心成員的執行權威程度越高 ?中心成員參與分配利益的程度越高。而當事後利益分配程度低時，對於 保留利益的處理方式有兩種，當合作成員的承諾程度高時，中心成員會以 保証採購或產品品質的方式與其他成員分享；當合作成員的承諾程度低時 ，各成員會憑藉個人的能力來爭取保留利益。最後，並以本研究的架構提 出對採行合作策略的廠商在合作過程中的管理建議，以及後續研究方向的 建議。

Bibliography: leaves [392]-427. / xvi, 427 leaves : [1] map ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Study of the Italian co-operative enterprises associated with La Lega Nazionale delle Cooperative e Mutue, with particular reference to those in the region of Emilia Romagna. Examines how these cooperatives have managed to flourish despite the poor survival record in other countries with a market economy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Politics, 1995

Demand for high data rates is increasing rapidly for the future wireless generations, due to the requirement ofubiquitous coverage for wireless broadband services. More base stations are needed to deliver these services, in order tocope with the increased capacity demand and inherent unreliable nature of wireless medium. However, this would directly correspond to high infrastructure costand energy consumption in cellular networks. Nowadays, high power consumption in the network is becoming a matter of concern for the operators,both from environmental and economic point of view. Cooperative communications, which is regarded as a virtual multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) channel, can be very efficient in combating fading multi-path channels and improve coverage with low complexity and cost. With its distributed structure, cooperativecommunications can also contribute to the energy efficiency of wireless systems and green radio communications of the future. Using networkcoding at the top of cooperative communication, utilizes the network resources more efficiently. Here we look at the case of large scale use of low cost relays as a way of making the links reliable, that directly corresponds to reductionin transmission power at the nodes. A lot of research work has focused on highlighting the gains achieved by using network codingin cooperative transmissions. However, there are certain areas that are not fully explored yet. For instance, the kind of detectionscheme used at the receiver and its impact on the link performance has not been addressed.The thesis looks at the performancecomparison of different detection schemes and also proposes how to group users at the relay to ensure mutual benefit for the cooperating users.Using constellation selection at the nodes, the augmented space formed at the receiver is exploited for making the links more reliable. Thenetwork and the channel coding schemes are represented as a single product code, that allows us to exploit the redundancy present in theseschemes efficiently and powerful coding schemes can also be designed to improve the link performance. Heterogeneous network deployments and adaptive power management has been used in order to reduce the overall energy consumption in acellular network. However, the distributed structure of nodes deployed in the network, is not exploited in this regard. Here we have highlightedthe significance of cooperative relaying schemes in reducing the overall energy consumption in a cellular network.  The role of differenttransmission and adaptive resource allocation strategies in downlink scenarios have been investigated in this regard.It has been observed that the adaptive relaying schemes can significantly reduce the total energy consumption as compared to the conventionalrelaying schemes. Moreover, network coding in these adaptive relaying schemes, helps in minimizing the energy consumption further.The balance between the number of base stations and the relays that minimizes the energy consumption, for each relaying scheme is also investigated. / QC 20120124

Next generation wireless communication systems are expected to provide a variety of services including voice, data and video. The rapidly growing demand for these services needs high data rate wireless communication systems with reliability and high user capacity. Recently, it has been shown that reliability and achievable data rate of wireless communication systems increases dramatically by employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. Transmit diversity is a powerful technique for combating multipath fading in wireless communications. However, employing multiple antennas in a mobile terminal to achieve the transmit diversity in the uplink is not feasible due to the limited size of the mobile unit. In order to overcome this problem, a new mode of transmit diversity called cooperative diversity (CD) based on user cooperation, was proposed very recently. By user cooperation, it is meant that the sender transmits to the destination and copies to other users, called partners, for relaying to the destination. The antennas of the sender and the partners together form a multiple antenna situation. CD systems are immuned not only against small scale channel fading but also against large scale channel fading. On the other hand, CD systems are more sensitive to interuser (between sender and partner) transmission errors and user mobility. In this dissertation, we propose a bandwidth and power efficient CD system which could be accommodated with minimal modifications in the currently available direct or point-to-point communication systems. The proposed CD system is based on quadrature signaling (QS). With quadrature signaling, both sender’s and partners’ information symbols are transmitted simultaneously in his/her multiple access channels. It also reduces the synchronization as well as the interference problems that occur in the schemes reported in the literature. The performance of the proposed QS-CD system is analyzed at different layers. First, we study the bit error probability (BEP) of the QS-CD system for both fixed and adaptive relaying at the partner. It is shown from the BEP performance that the QS-CD system can achieve diversity order of two. Then, a cross-layer communication system is developed by combing the proposed QS-CD system at the physical layer and the truncated stop-and- wait automatic repeat request (ARQ) at the data link layer. The performance of the cross-layer system is analyzed and compared with existing schemes in the literature for performance metrics at the data link layer and upper layers, i.e., frame error rate, packet loss rate, average packet delay, throughput, etc. In addition, the studies show that the proposed QS-CD-ARQ system outperforms existing schemes when it has a good partner. In this respect, the proposed system is fully utilizing the communication channel and less complex in terms of implementation when compared with the existing systems. Since the partner selection gives significant impact on the performance of the CD systems, partner selection algorithms (PSAs) are extensively analyzed for both static and mobile user network. In this case, each individual user would like to take advantage of cooperation by choosing a suitable partner. The objective of an individual user may conflict with the objective of the network. In this regard, we would like to introduce a PSA which tries to balance both users and network objectives by taking user mobility into consideration. The proposed PSA referred to as worst link first (WLF), to choose the best partner in cooperative communication systems. The WLF algorithm gives priority to the worst link user to choose its partner and to maximize the energy gain of the radio cell. It is easy to implement not only in centralized networks but also in distributed networks with or without the global knowledge of users in the network. The proposed WLF matching algorithm, being less complex than the optimal maximum weighted (MW) matching and the heuristic based Greedy matching algorithms, yields performance characteristics close to those of MW matching algorithm and better than the Greedy matching algorithm in both static and mobile user networks. Furthermore, the proposed matching algorithm provides around 10dB energy gain with optimal power allocation over a non-cooperative system which is equivalent to prolonging the cell phone battery recharge time by about ten times.