El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This article describes how using logistics management models in collaboration with a process traceability system improves storage management processes in the coffee supply chain by reducing losses and high storage-related logistics costs, with support from a digital transformation process. For the purposes of this study, data on times and costs incurred as per the corresponding criteria and purchasing power, errors in order specifications, and delivery delays that result in losses were used, as these cause coffee to lose market value within an organization in a cooperative setting (business associations).

Traditionally, customers of the airline and travel agent service industries only interacted with the agents at the travel office. The internet travel services have taken off rapidly. This industry is becoming very large for the suppliers, employees, sales and final users and this is going to be the main method for travel services. Corporate partners working together can cover the production disadvantages. My travel and airline research focuses on the co-opetition relationship. Airline websites and travel websites working together can develop a strength in online transactions. Developing a strategy together results in a huge economic effect. My research methods use my travel service company, Comfort Travel Services (Cola Tours), as an example. I spoke to a variety of Taiwanese airline managers to find out how we can work together. Through analysis we can plan production and plan sales and hope to make a bright future. The conclusions from my research are as follows: 1.Airlines rely on travel agencies for more than 90% of its business. This is a big example of corporate partners working together. 2.Travel services should diversify its internet services to more easily satisfy the customers¡¦ needs. 3.Travel agent websites serve the purpose of promoting and strengthening the skills of the agents which increases the volume of business 4.Electronic commerce relationships can be used for prosperous growth. 5.Airlines B2B can help travel agents in smoothing the flow of travel business and business standardization. 6.Direct flights to China bring a new business opportunity and further co-opetition relationships should be explored. 7.Market changes, combined with useful and positive planning, personal development and positive cycles achieve resource sharing and creates bilateral development of each brand.

Recent measurements show that the spectrum is under-utilized by licensed users in wireless communication. Cognitive radio (CR) has been proposed as a suitable solution to manage the inefficient usage of the spectrum and increase coverage area of wireless networks. The concept is based on allowing a group of secondary users (SUs) to share the unused radio spectrum originally owned by the primary user (PUs). The operation of CR should not cause harmful interference to the PUs. In the other hand, relayed transmission increases the coverage and achievable capacity of communication systems and in particular in CR systems. In fact there are many types of cooperative communications, however the two main ones are decode-and-forward (DAF) and amplify-and-forward (AAF). Adaptive relaying scheme is a relaying technique by which the benefits of the amplifying or decode and forward techniques can be achieved by switching the forwarding technique according to the quality of the signal. In this dissertation, we investigate the power allocation for an adaptive relaying protocol (ARP) scheme in cognitive system by maximizing the end-to-end rate and searching the best carriers pairing distribution. The optimization problem is under the interference and power budget constraints. The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed adaptive relaying protocol in comparison to other relaying techniques, and the consequence of the choice of the pairing strategy.

Les techniques de communication coopératives ont été proposées pour améliorer la qualité des signaux reçus par les terminaux sans fil grâce au principe de diversité spatiale. Cette propriété est obtenue par une duplication du signal, envoyé par l’émetteur au niveau d’un terminal relais situé entre l’émetteur et le récepteur. Les travaux de recherche menés en communications coopératives concernent deux domaines principaux: certains traitent la transmission physique alors que d’autres sont étudient l’interaction de la couche physique avec les couches protocolaires supérieures, en particulier les niveaux MAC (Medium Access Control) et réseau. Si ces domaines de recherche sont généralement séparés, des études conjointes s’avèrent nécessaires pour obtenir des systèmes coopératifs implantables. C’est dans ce contexte que se situent les travaux de la thèse avec, comme cadre applicatif, les réseaux ad hoc. En premier lieu, dans la mesure où il n’existe pas de modèle complet de système coopératif, un cadre de modélisation original est proposé pour représenter le fonctionnement d’un système coopératif, sa mise en place et son fonctionnement. Une caractéristique du modèle est de faire abstraction des couches protocolaires. Cette façon de procéder permet d’analyser de façon similaire différentes solutions proposées dans la littérature. De plus, ce modèle facilite la conception de solutions coopératives, en particulier la conception du processus de mise en place du système de coopération qui initialise les rôles de relais, destinataire et source en fonctionnement coopératif. Le modèle de système coopératif est utilisé pour la conception d’une solution de transmission coopérative adaptative où le relais agit en tant que proxy entre la source et le destinataire. L’intérêt de notre proposition, ProxyCoop, par rapport à d’autres propositions, est d’être compatible avec le protocole IEEE 802.11 que ce soit dans son mode de base ou dans son mode optionnel. Pour chaque trame, le mode de transmission à la source est dynamiquement défini soit en mode proxy coopératif soit en mode non coopératif, et ce en fonction de la réception ou la non réception d’un acquittement du destinataire. Les résultats de simulation montrent, sous certaines conditions, une amélioration des performances en termes de nombre de trames effectivement reçues. Le nombre de retransmissions dues à des trames reçues erronées est diminué, et les transmissions en mode multi saut, coûteuses en temps et en bande passante sont également diminuées. Les conditions favorables à la coopération sont dépendantes de la qualité et de l’accessibilité du canal. Une méthode pour la mise en place du système coopératif est également proposée. Elle repose sur l’utilisation d’un protocole standard de routage pour réseaux ad hoc, AODV. Les évaluations de performances indiquent que la mise en place du système de coopération coûte peu en termes de bande passante, les performances du système (mise en place et fonctionnement) sont supérieures à celles d’un système non-coopératif, pour des conditions données. Finalement, l’application de la solution proposée à un réseau ad hoc spécifique, un réseau maillé (mesh) conforme au standard IEEE 802.11s illustre où et comment déployer la solution proposée. / Cooperative communication techniques have been proposed in order to improve the quality of the received signals at the receivers by using the diversity added by duplication of signals sent by relay terminals situated between each transmission pair. Researches related to cooperative communication can be categorized into two fields; Cooperative transmissions and Cooperative setup. The first research field concerns with cooperative transmission techniques in the physical layer while the second research field concerns with issues on inter-layer interaction between cooperative transmissions in the physical layer to protocols in the upper layers (especially the MAC layer and the network layer). These research topics have been separately concerned but, for implementations, they have to work together. Since there is not any existing common frame work to describe entire functions in cooperative communication, we proposed an original framework of cooperative network at the system level called “Cooperative Network Model”. The model does not reflect the protocol layering; thus, we can generalize the cooperation process and obtain an analysis that is available for many solutions. For validity, the proposed model can clearly illustrate and systematically describe existing cooperative setup protocols. In addition, the proposed cooperative network model facilitates us to find and to solve problems in cooperative designs; especially in cooperative setup, which is in charge on the initiation of the terminal’s role (i.e., a source, a relay, and a destination terminal). Thus, we believe that this model can facilitate the design and updating of existing and future propositions in this domain. The cooperative network protocol is used to design an adaptive cooperative transmission called Proxy Cooperative Transmission. In contrast to other adaptive cooperative transmission techniques, our proposition is compatible to both of the basic access mode and the optional access mode of IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. The transmission mode for each data frame is adaptively switched between a proxy cooperative mode and a non-cooperative mode based on the absence of acknowledge (ACK) frame. Simulation results show that transmission performance is improved by decreasing the number of re-transmissions due to frame errors; thus, chances of multi-hop mode transitions that are costly in time and bandwidth are alleviated. Then, in order to fulfill ProxyCoop communications in part of cooperative setup, we propose a cooperative setup method called “Proxy Cooperative Setup”. The proposition is based on a routing standard protocol for ad hoc networks, AODV, so that it could be easily deployed. The impacts of ProxyCoopSetup when it works with ProxyCoop transmissions have been studied. From simulation results, it shows that ProxyCoop transmissions with ProxyCoopSetup has similar performance to the ProxyCoop transmissions without ProxyCoopSetup. Finally, when the implementation of the proxy cooperative communication and how it can be integrated on existing networks have been considered, it is shown that the design of proxy cooperative communication is also valuable for the 802.11s WLAN Mesh Network environments.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-16T17:57:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorena.pdf: 1167265 bytes, checksum: 3411504d1f526fa96b386825ce4815a3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:29:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorena.pdf: 1167265 bytes, checksum: 3411504d1f526fa96b386825ce4815a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:29:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorena.pdf: 1167265 bytes, checksum: 3411504d1f526fa96b386825ce4815a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / O objetivo central do presente trabalho reside na demonstração dos fundamentos constitucionais que sustentam a adoção do modelo processual civil cooperativo no sistema jurídico brasileiro. Para a consecução dessa finalidade, desenvolve-se a pesquisa partindo-se do estudo das principais tradições jurídicas do mundo ocidental (common law e civil law), cujas características primordiais e traços distintivos são ressaltados, assim como sua importância para a compreensão dos modelos processuais, especialmente os tradicionalmente a elas vinculados: o adversarial e o inquisitivo. Analisa-se, então, a tradição jurídica brasileira. Em seguida, passa-se ao exame individualizado de cada um desses modelos processuais, apresentando-se suas peculiaridades, a forma como neles se estrutura a divisão de tarefas entre juiz e partes na condução formal e material do processo, bem assim as ideologias políticas que com eles mais bem se ajustam. O modelo processual cooperativo, lastreado no princípio da cooperação, é, então, apresentado como um novo modelo, distinto dos dois anteriormente analisados. Sua marca diferenciadora, consistente na organização do processo à forma de uma verdadeira comunidade de trabalho, é realçada, ao tempo em que se demonstra a existência de manifestações tópicas de aplicação desse modelo no direito brasileiro, encontráveis tanto na legislação infraconstitucional como na jurisprudência pátria. O sistema processual civil português, em que o princípio da cooperação é previsto expressamente, também é examinado, tanto sob o ponto de vista doutrinário quanto no que diz respeito às manifestações jurisprudenciais ali encontradas. Com base em tais premissas, torna-se possível, então, a confrontação dos três modelos processuais com a Constituição Federal de 1988. Essa análise é realizada à luz dos fundamentos constitucionais da democracia participativa, da dignidade da pessoa humana, da solidariedade, do devido processo legal, do contraditório e da boa-fé objetiva, de modo a se aferir qual dentre os modelos processuais mais bem se coaduna com o ordenamento constitucional brasileiro. / Salvador

PHDRDV / Institute for Rural Development

This research aimed to investigate an area of research that has largely been overlooked in the past, that is, the efficiency, profitability and sustainability of informal waste recycling in semi-urban areas. In exploring the research topic, a recycling buyback centre was used as a case study. The centre facilitates collection, sorting and selling of waste and is located in Senwabarwana, Northern Limpopo Province. Here the P.E.A.C.E (Planning, Education, Agriculture, Cooperatives and Environment) Foundation, an organisation looking at rural poverty alleviation in South Africa, initiated a flagship recycling buyback centre as a community project. This research picks up on prior research that was conducted on a similar project initiated by the same organisation in Ndumo, KwaZulu Natal. Even though the location is different from KwaZulu Natal, both Senwabarwana and Ndumo are faced with similar challenges affecting social, economic and environmental circumstances. Five objectives were identified to provide structure to this research. Through action research, the study assessed the sustainability of this recycling buyback centre with regard to the impact on social, economic and environmental factors within Senwabarwana. It also covered problems experienced in rolling out waste management initiatives within the semi-urban study location and assessed the municipal framework with regard to waste and how waste is managed and recycled. Furthermore, analyses of the waste data generated at the recycling centre was examined that culminated in offering solutions to the identified problems. Recommendations for acceptable practices in semi-urban waste management are made to enable further research and potentially up-scaling the project for application in other geographic areas. The study reports both qualitative and quantitative data collected through the investigation of the case study in the start-up phase. The data gathering was done through administering questionnaires to waste pickers associated with the case study centre. Telephonic and face-to-face interviews and secondary data were interchangeably used to address each of the five objectives. The results from the data gathered show that, if properly coordinated and structured, informal waste recycling in semi-urban communities is possible and can contribute positively to the socio-economic and environmental development of these areas. It is envisaged that this study would contribute to the body of knowledge already in existence, whilst also creating an opportunity for further academic research and input within this field to enable the scaling-up of such initiatives. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Science)