Problem: The online betting industry has erased the importance of national borders and opened up the world, which has lead to a more diversified perspective of the company. In this master thesis we wanted to broaden and develop the topic of corporate valuation with regard to the on-line gambling industry. In order to do that, a case study of the on-line betting firm Unibet and its core betting activities has been carried out. Purpose: The study aims to identify factors in the strategic, SWOT and financial analysis that will be used in the cash flow valuation model in order to derive the company value. Method: A case study has been chosen to collect empirical data to our study. Conclusion: A cash flow valuation in different scenarios was carried out. With the assumptions made in the “probable” scenario a value of approximately GBP 85 million was reached, which was significantly lower than the listed value. This is mainly due to the fact that we believe that the increased competition will make it difficult for Unibet to maintain its strong growth in sales in the future. The assumptions have been based on the information gained from the strategic analysis, the SWOT analysis and the development in financial ratios.

<p>Problem: The online betting industry has erased the importance of national borders and opened up the world, which has lead to a more diversified perspective of the company. In this master thesis we wanted to broaden and develop the topic of corporate valuation with regard to the on-line gambling industry. In order to do that, a case study of the on-line betting firm Unibet and its core betting activities has been carried out.</p><p>Purpose: The study aims to identify factors in the strategic, SWOT and financial analysis that will be used in the cash flow valuation model in order to derive the company value.</p><p>Method: A case study has been chosen to collect empirical data to our study.</p><p>Conclusion: A cash flow valuation in different scenarios was carried out. With the assumptions made in the “probable” scenario a value of approximately GBP 85 million was reached, which was significantly lower than the listed value. This is mainly due to the fact that we believe that the increased competition will make it difficult for Unibet to maintain its strong growth in sales in the future. The assumptions have been based on the information gained from the strategic analysis, the SWOT analysis and the development in financial ratios.</p>

The aim of this master thesis is to assess the objectified value of entity of the Ozex company. The valuation is based on the method of discounted cash flow, specified in Free Cash Flow to the Firm. For the valuation, the neccesary basis is financial plan. Financial plan, together with performed strategic and financial analysis are foundation for valuation. The financial statements were used for the determining the value of the company. Some information were gained also via interviews with inner employee. The value of enitity based on income approach is estimated to be 15 639 271,63 Eur.

1980年至今，是企業併購與重組的年代，許多企業集團進行了繁複的併購與重組活動，經學者20年的研究，企業併購活動能創造新的成長機會及提高企業價值，已不徨多論。而企業重組的價值創造活動就少有研究。 企業重組活動包括廣義的分立與撤資二種。撤資是消極的行為，是減少損失或獲利後退出的行為。廣義的分立，包括 (1) 單純式分立:將公司的部分資產或業務分割並獨立成為子公司， (2) 另立子公司:結合公司內部資源並加上外部資源而成立子公司， (3) 入主: 以取得別家公司股權，先實質控制該公司並結合公司資源來成立子公司。企業集團透過分立進行重組活動遠比併購頻繁。 從重組分立的價值創造結果來分析重組策略的關鍵成敗因素，是本研究的重點。本研究以台灣主要的電子資訊企業集團為例，分析1980年以來，電子資訊企業集團進行企業分立的重組行為時所創造的價值。從財務評價的實證數據來分析分立的重整活動，是否為企業帶來成功的結果，即創造了母子公司價值及使股票累積投資報酬率增加。 本研究也針對有形及無形資產的轉移情況及高層經理人及董事會的變化來分析企業價值的變化與高層人力資源改變的關係。 當企業成長至集團的規模時，就會產生新的資源利用與分配的問題，集團執行長的工作就不再是行銷或產品發開，而是資源使用的分配；毋庸置疑，只要資源分配得當，企業重組分立活動會是企業集團組織創造新價值的捷徑。 本研究也發現台灣企業集團，在進行分立公司的重組過程中，公司擁有或新創設一個子公司，共並使該公司成為上市(櫃)公司後，亦可創造驚人價值，分立子公司只要取得母公司少許資源，亦在3-10年內可創造巨大價值。 國外亦有研究顯示，在重組分立子公司的過程中，就算母公司的價值實際上沒有改變，而子公司卻產生了新的且獨立的市場價值；投資人普遍認為，子公司除了享有企業集團的資源協助，亦增加了價值能見度。投資人易於分析子公司各種營運活動所帶來的企業價值變化。而財務評價結果亦發現子公司也易於因決策快速及營運彈性而創造新價值。上述三種分立方式均可創造不同的價值，價值的創造的關鍵即在於資源分配的恰當與否。 本研究以分析財務評價的數據結果，計算公司價值的變化並進一步根據公開資訊分析分立策略的關鍵成功因素；並反向分析數據與重組過程中的高層經理人的調度變化及有形資產及無形資產的轉移之間的關聯性。並據以建立十三項命題。 / Since 1980 till 2005, the eve of M&A and Restructuring, So many companies initiated the complicated activities of M&A and Restructuring. Through the pass 20 years studies by scholars, they found, the growth opportunity and enhance the corporate value are been creating. But, the research of “Restructuring” is no so many. The generic meaning of the “Corporate Restructuring” will include: Spinoff and Disinvestment. The disinvestments are the behavior of passive decision, for reduction the loss or exiting after profit. The generic “Spinoff” include: (1) Pure Spinoff: separate the business unit or asset unit and build up new subsidiary. (2) New Subsidiary: combine the external capital or resource to build up new subsidiary. (3) Acquisition and then Control: Acquire external share and real control the company through organization change and board members change, then combine the parent company resource become a true subsidiary. The group of business to restructure the business through “Spinoffs” is much more than M&A. To study the key success factors of “Business Restructuring” through the value - creation of “Spinoffs” is one of the key points of the dissertation. The base of the dissertation is the “Subsidiary of the Electronic-Information Group in Taiwan”. Analyzing the results of valuation from the “Spinoffs” from 1980 till 2005. To study the Financial Valuation through empirical results of “Spinoffs” and try to confirm the “Spinoffs” is successful or not. That is, the valuation of both parents and subsidiaries were enhanced or not, or the accumulation return of investment of them were enhanced or not. The dissertation will study the real condition of the transfer of tangible and Intangible Assets and the change of top management and board members. Analyzing the relation of the change above and the corporate value. As the corporate grow to the scale of group, will produce the new issues of resource distribution and utilization. The responsibility of the CEO of group is not the marketing or product development area, but the resource distribution. Of course, if the decision-making of resource distribution is proper, the “Spinoffs” will be the royal road of the creation of “New Value”. The dissertation had found the process of “Spinoffs” – own or build up a new subsidiary and make it IPO (initial public offering). It will create amazing value. Subsidiaries just transfer a few resources from parent, and then create mass value in 3 to 10 years. The dissertation had found the process of “Spinoffs”- although the value of the parents company has no change, but the subsidiaries still create the new and alone market value the same. The investors ideal is, subsidiaries through “Spinoffs” will enjoy the supporting from parents. The subsidiaries had improved the transparency of operation. Investors are easy to analyze the change of value from their business operation. The financial evaluation had found the subsidiaries had speed up the decision-making process and more decision flexibility. The 3 kinds of “Spinoffs” can create different value. The key point of the value creation is the proper resource distribution. The dissertation will base on the results of financial valuation to evaluate the change of companies’ value, and base on the public information to analyze the key success factor of “Spinoffs”. The dissertation will reverse to check the relation of the top-management change and the assets transfer (include tangible and intangible assets). The final proposition had been built the 13 propositions through the dissertation conclusion.

The diploma thesis is focused on influence of the economic environment to the business value. The goal of the thesis is a corporate valuation of the entity to 31.12.2009 in recent time of unstable market and financial crisic and how is the business value changeable depenging on business cycle. At the beginning summary of theoretical data concerning business cycle theories is introduced, followed by a description of business cycle and GDP of the Czech Republic from 1996 to 2010. Key part of the thesis is the corporate valuation according to Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis. The last chapter is based on comparison of the business value year after.

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p><strong>Purpose </strong>The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods used for valuating private limited knowledge based companies and if a new approach is required, create or modify a foundation that will constitute as a base within the valuation process.</p><p><strong>Method </strong>This is a qualitative study using interviews to obtain primary data. People working in the valuation industry were contacted and we got eight respondents. The questions were designed to answer our purpose and research questions. Telephone interviews were chosen due to the fact that we believed the response would be higher.      <strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Frame of References </strong>The theories used in this section is divided into three parts; the financial analysis including traditional valuating methods such as the Discounted Cash Flow model and relative valuating and multiples. The non-financial analysis focus on the underlying analysis consistent of structural- and intellectual capital and also value drivers that are creating value for the firm. In the end other theories concerning the analysis are presented, such as the risk-return trade-off, risk rating systems and analytical hierarchy process.            <strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Empirical Findings </strong>In this section the presentations of the respondents’ answers and</p><p><strong>and Analysis </strong>a brief analysis related to each question. After this an extended analysis is presented focusing on the subject and our risk scheme and guidelines we created/modified. The extended analysis is connected to the respondents’ answers. The purpose of this section is to have a better understanding about the risk of transient intellectual capital and give recommendations how to handle it. Also, guidelines of how to weight different value driver are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion </strong>We concluded that all valuations utilize more than one approach in order to estimate the most accurate value for the company. For knowledge based companies the biggest risk with a M&A transaction is the probability of diminishing the intellectual capital. We constructed a model that will manage this risk based on our interviews and established theories.</p><p> </p>

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods used for valuating private limited knowledge based companies and if a new approach is required, create or modify a foundation that will constitute as a base within the valuation process. Method This is a qualitative study using interviews to obtain primary data. People working in the valuation industry were contacted and we got eight respondents. The questions were designed to answer our purpose and research questions. Telephone interviews were chosen due to the fact that we believed the response would be higher.      Frame of References The theories used in this section is divided into three parts; the financial analysis including traditional valuating methods such as the Discounted Cash Flow model and relative valuating and multiples. The non-financial analysis focus on the underlying analysis consistent of structural- and intellectual capital and also value drivers that are creating value for the firm. In the end other theories concerning the analysis are presented, such as the risk-return trade-off, risk rating systems and analytical hierarchy process.             Empirical Findings In this section the presentations of the respondents’ answers and and Analysis a brief analysis related to each question. After this an extended analysis is presented focusing on the subject and our risk scheme and guidelines we created/modified. The extended analysis is connected to the respondents’ answers. The purpose of this section is to have a better understanding about the risk of transient intellectual capital and give recommendations how to handle it. Also, guidelines of how to weight different value driver are discussed. Conclusion We concluded that all valuations utilize more than one approach in order to estimate the most accurate value for the company. For knowledge based companies the biggest risk with a M&amp;A transaction is the probability of diminishing the intellectual capital. We constructed a model that will manage this risk based on our interviews and established theories.

Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertationsschrift beschäftigt sich mit theoretischen Fragestellungen der Finanzwissenschaft im Bereich des Asset Pricing und im Detail der Unternehmensbewertung. Dabei wird sowohl auf Problemstellungen der akademischen und praxisnahen Forschung eingegangen. Der erste Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung welche Implikationen die Annahme einer arithmetischen Brownschen Bewegung auf bestimmte Aspekte der Unternehmensbewertung hat. Es folgen drei Artikel die sich auf unterschiedlicher Weise mit der Zinsschrankenregelung auseinandersetzen. Die darauf folgenden zwei Artikel behandeln hauptsächlich die Modellierung von Insolvenz im Rahmen der Unternehmensbewertung bei Annahme verschiedener Finanzierungspolitiken. Der achte Artikel geht näher auf die Thematik der empirischen Bestätigung bestimmter Kapitalstrukturtheorien ein. Die Dissertation schließt mit einem Artikel zu wichtigen Parametern für die Unternehmensbewertung.

Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertationsschrift beschäftigt sich mit finanzwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen im Bereich der Unternehmensbewertung. Dabei wurden aktuelle Themen diskutiert, die in Theorie oder Praxis ungelöste Probleme darstellen. Hervorzuheben ist an dieser Stelle, dass sich die ersten drei Artikel mit dem Werteinfluss der Zinsschanke auf den Wert von fremdfinanzierungsbedingten Steuerersparnissen (Tax Shield) beschäftigen. Die drei darauf folgenden Artikel beschäftigen sich schwerpunktmäßig mit der konsistenten Modellierung von Finanzierungspolitiken und dem Werteinfluss der Insolvenzmöglichkeit von Unternehmen. Der siebte und achte Artikel haben die Kapitalstruktur und weitere wichtige Parameter für die Unternehmensbewertung zum Thema.

The diploma thesis focuses on corporate valuation of Paramo, a. s., estimating value-in-use of equity by 1st January 2009. The thesis is divided into 8 parts. In the first two chapters, the prerequisites for valuation and the introduction of the company are presented. The next part comprises the financial analysis. Afterwards, the strategic analysis follows, which results in the prediction of the total revenues of the examined company. The prediction of value generators is based on the previous chapters and consequently is transformed in the financial plan. In the concluding part the company is evaluated by using a revenue method called DCF APV. The method of market comparison, in the form of direct valuation method and capital market data, was selected in order to confirm the final valuation outcome. After these calculations was applied liquidation value to make better decision about the final value.