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The presented thesis spans over a number of related topics with a com- mon theme - the so-called universality. Classical fields exhibiting this property serve as exact solutions to virtually any higher-order theory irrespective of the particular form of the field equations, being thus of particular interest in ef- fective field theories. The aim of this work is to study various aspects of such solutions in the context of gravity, electrodynamics, as well as more general nonabelian gauge theories. The results are concentrated in four chapters, the first of which is devoted to what we call the almost universal spacetimes. Due to their nice curvature properties, these spacetimes provide an efficient method for simplifying and solving the field equations of higher-order gravity theories. We illustrate this feature of almost universal metrics by finding new vacuum solutions to quadratic gravity and six-dimensional conformal gravity. In the second chapter, we shift our attention towards electrodynamics. Following up on recent results on universal electromagnetic fields, we deal with Einstein- Maxwell fields which simultaneously solve also any higher-order modification of the Einstein-Maxwell theory. In particular, we identify solutions with this remarkable property as plane-fronted gravitational and...

Arbitrary high order numerical methods for time-harmonic acoustic scattering problems originally defined on unbounded domains are constructed. This is done by coupling recently developed high order local absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) with finite difference methods for the Helmholtz equation. These ABCs are based on exact representations of the outgoing waves by means of farfield expansions. The finite difference methods, which are constructed from a deferred-correction (DC) technique, approximate the Helmholtz equation and the ABCs to any desired order. As a result, high order numerical methods with an overall order of convergence equal to the order of the DC schemes are obtained. A detailed construction of these DC finite difference schemes is presented. Details and results from an extension to heterogeneous media are also included. Additionally, a rigorous proof of the consistency of the DC schemes with the Helmholtz equation and the ABCs in polar coordinates is also given. The results of several numerical experiments corroborate the high order convergence of the proposed method. A novel local high order ABC for elastic waves based on farfield expansions is constructed and preliminary results applying it to elastic scattering problems are presented.

In the mid-eighties, the development of radioactive-ion beams enabled the exploration ofregions of the nuclear landscape away from the valley of stability. Close to the neutrondripline, in the light neutron-rich region, halo nuclei were observed. These nuclei exhibit asurprisingly large matter radius and a strongly clusterized structure. These two featurescan be explained by the weak binding of one or two neutrons which allows them to tunnelfar from the rest of the nucleons, surrounding the nucleus by a diffuse halo. These nuclearstructures have challenged the usual description of the nucleus, described as a compactmany-body object with nucleons piling up into well defined orbitals. Because they areshort-lived, these nuclei are often studied through reaction processes, such as elasticscattering, breakup and knockout. To infer precise information from the experimentaldata, an accurate reaction model coupled with a realistic description of the nucleus isneeded.Compared to other state-of-the-art methods, the eikonal approximation is very cheapfrom a computational viewpoint. This model assumes that the projectile-target relativemotion does not differ much from the initial plane wave. It also makes the adiabaticapproximation, which sees the internal coordinates of the projectile as frozen during thecollision. These two assumptions hold for reactions occurring at high energy, i.e. above60 MeV/nucleon, in which the deflection of the projectile by the target is small and thecollision time is brief.In this thesis, I focus on improvements of the eikonal approximation. First, I studythe extension of the validity of the eikonal model down to 10 MeV/nucleon, in the energyrange of the facilities HIE-ISOLDE at CERN and ReA12 at the upcoming FRIB. To thisend, I analyse different corrections to the eikonal approximation, which account for thedeflection of the projectile by the target. I assess their accuracy for the elastic-scatteringand breakup observables of one-neutron halo nuclei at 10 MeV/nucleon. Next, I developa dynamical correction to the eikonal approximation, which applies to both nuclear andCoulomb interactions while conserving the eikonal numerical cost. I study this correctionin the cases of breakup reactions of one-neutron halo nuclei on light and heavy targets.Then, I investigate which nuclear-structure information can be inferred from knockoutreactions of one-neutron halo nuclei. To do so, I conduct a sensitivity analysis of theirobservables to the nuclear structure of the projectile, described within a halo effectivefield theory. In particular, I study the influence onto the cross sections of the ground-statewave function, the presence of subthreshold bound states and resonances. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Correctional officers work in a stressful environment and are regularly exposed to dangerous and emotionally charged situations. Researchers have detailed the potential negative outcomes of this occupation, yet little research has examined the extent to which correctional officers experience emotion while on their shifts, and how those emotions may translate into stress, divorce, substance abuse issues, domestic violence, and high mortality rates upon retirement. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to learn how correctional officers experience their felt and expressed emotions while at work. Data collection was done using a 15-item open ended questionnaire designed by the researcher and accessed via an online website. The 15-item questionnaire was prescreened by correctional officers not participating in the survey to assure for trustworthiness. Anonymous online survey data was collected from 23 correctional custody staff members working throughout California. The responses from the survey were coded and analyzed using NVivo and Survey Monkey software to account for reoccurring themes in the data. The findings of this study show a high percentage of respondent's report feelings of anxiety throughout a shift at work. Further, the findings show that the participants consistently report a disconnect between felt and expressed emotions while at work. These findings may be used to reform training programs for correctional officers to offer them better ways to process the emotions they experience throughout their career.

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First responders, especially law enforcement, frequently encounter individuals experiencing substance use concerns. Previous research has documented that a greater understanding of substance use disorders promotes a decrease in stigmatizing perspectives. We present a novel approach to training law enforcement officers to improve their interactions with community members exhibiting substance use disorders, while also promoting their professional well-being. The present study sought to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the Stigma Reduction and Resiliency Training for First Responders (SRRT-FR) in a sample of law enforcement officers, as well as its efficacy in decreasing stigmatizing perspectives towards substance use disorders and increasing professional resiliency. One hundred and ten law enforcement officers participated in SRRT-FR and completed pre-, post- (n = 77), and four-month follow-up (n = 42) surveys that assessed their perceptions towards individuals with substance use disorders, as well as their well-being within their profession. Preliminary results suggest that SRRT-FR is feasible and acceptable amongst officers and may decrease some stigmatizing perspectives and increase resiliency. The findings warrant replication with larger sample sizes and randomized controlled trials involving law enforcement officers, as well as other first responders.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de vérifier si la dernière réforme de l’Académie française (1990) a changé l’orthographe des mots, afin de les rendre moins étymologiques au profit d’une orthographe plus phonétique. Au XIVème siècle, des lettres étymologiques ont été insérées dans la langue française pour lui conférer une stabilité. Dès la naissance de l’Académie française en 1694, celle-ci a voulu les préserver. Mais depuis 1990, elle est accusée d'appauvrir la langue française parce qu’elle aurait ôté ces lettres étymologiques muettes des mots réformés. Par l'intermédiaire d’un corpus dictionnairique (CNRTL, 1-9 éditions de l’Académie) nous évaluerons la véracité de ces accusations en analysant une dizaine de mots rectifiés, en guise d’exemples, pour examiner si une perte étymologique est constatée. Cette méthodologie se rapproche de celle d’André Goosse dans La « nouvelle » orthographe : Exposé et commentaires. Suite à l’analyse nous pouvons en déduire que 50% des mots étudiés ont perdu des lettres étymologiques pour une graphie plus phonétique. Étant donné que ce pourcentage est élevé et que ces lettres n’ont plus de fonction linguistique, l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’Académie s’est débarrassée d’un maximum des lettres étymologiques est plausible mais une étude sur l’ensemble des 2 400 mots réformés est nécessaire pour la vérifier. / The objective of this study is to verify whether the last reform of the French Academy (1990) changed the spelling of words in order to make them less etymological in favor of a more phonetic spelling. In the 14th century, etymological letters were inserted into the French language to give it stability and since the creation of the French Academy in 1634, it has wanted to preserve them. But since 1990 the Academy has been accused of impoverishing the French language because it would have removed these silent etymological letters from reformed words. Through a dictionary corpus (CNRTL, 1-9 éditions de l'Académie), we will assess the veracity of these accusations by analyzing ten rectified words, as examples, to examine whether an etymological loss is noted. This methodology is similar to that of André Goosse in La « nouvelle » orthographe: Exposé and commentaires Following the analysis we can deduce that 50% of the words studied have lost etymological letters for a more phonetic spelling. Given that this percentage is high and that these letters no longer have a linguistic function, the hypothesis according to which the Academy got rid of a maximum of the etymological letters is plausible but a study on all 2400 words reformed is necessary to verify it.

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