Abstract This thesis takes an algorithmic perspective on the correspondence between modal and hybrid logics on the one hand, and first-order logic on the other. The canonicity of formulae, and by implication the completeness of logics, is simultaneously treated. Modal formulae define second-order conditions on frames which, in some cases, are equiv- alently reducible to first-order conditions. Modal formulae for which the latter is possible are called elementary. As is well known, it is algorithmically undecidable whether a given modal formula defines a first-order frame condition or not. Hence, any attempt at delineating the class of elementary modal formulae by means of a decidable criterium can only consti- tute an approximation of this class. Syntactically specified such approximations include the classes of Sahlqvist and inductive formulae. The approximations we consider take the form of algorithms. We develop an algorithm called SQEMA, which computes first-order frame equivalents for modal formulae, by first transforming them into pure formulae in a reversive hybrid language. It is shown that this algorithm subsumes the classes of Sahlqvist and inductive formulae, and that all formulae on which it succeeds are d-persistent (canonical), and hence axiomatize complete normal modal logics. SQEMA is extended to polyadic languages, and it is shown that this extension succeeds on all polyadic inductive formulae. The canonicity result is also transferred. SQEMA is next extended to hybrid languages. Persistence results with respect to discrete general frames are obtained for certain of these extensions. The notion of persistence with respect to strongly descriptive general frames is investigated, and some syntactic sufficient conditions for such persistence are obtained. SQEMA is adapted to guarantee the persistence with respect to strongly descriptive frames of the hybrid formulae on which it succeeds, and hence the completeness of the hybrid logics axiomatized with these formulae. New syntactic classes of elementary and canonical hybrid formulae are obtained. Semantic extensions of SQEMA are obtained by replacing the syntactic criterium of nega- tive/positive polarity, used to determine the applicability of a certain transformation rule, by its semantic correlate—monotonicity. In order to guarantee the canonicity of the formulae on which the thus extended algorithm succeeds, syntactically correct equivalents for monotone formulae are needed. Different version of Lyndon’s monotonicity theorem, which guarantee the existence of these equivalents, are proved. Constructive versions of these theorems are also obtained by means of techniques based on bisimulation quantifiers. Via the standard second-order translation, the modal elementarity problem can be at- tacked with any second-order quantifier elimination algorithm. Our treatment of this ap- proach takes the form of a study of the DLS-algorithm. We partially characterize the for- mulae on which DLS succeeds in terms of syntactic criteria. It is shown that DLS succeeds in reducing all Sahlqvist and inductive formulae, and that all modal formulae in a single propositional variable on which it succeeds are canonical.

Thesis advisor: Marjorie Howes / Epistolary Modernism reads British and Irish writing of the 1920s through the 1950s with a focus on the way authors use fictional letters and verse epistles to communicate a renewed sense of literature as public speech, even as they saw privacy curtailed and surveillance increased. Letters enable late modernist writers to call attention to the way literature straddles the gap between private experience and public declaration. Virginia Woolf, W.H. Auden, Louis MacNeice, Graham Greene and Elizabeth Bowen all use letters to reveal a late modernist belief in literature as an exchange between an author and a reader -- a bridge between times and perspectives -- even as they trouble the possibility of any clear communication or meaning. The implied exchange in letters requires a sense of correspondence: a letter demands both interpretation and a reply. But a letter is always already too late. Epistolary Modernism reads letters as a stand-in for the literary period of late modernism itself, an epoch of writing characterized by a sense of coming too late to history and to literary tradition. The project considers fiction and poetry published in the 1920s through the 1950s in relation to historical and cultural events of the period, arguing that the sense of belatedness and temporal disjuncture letters create fundamentally links the structure and materiality of the text to the social and political concerns of its author. These writers composed literature attuned to historical events and the simultaneously occurring ordinary moment, leading to an increasingly interconnected, and socially-responsible art borne from the historical impasse of the thirties, the Second World War and its political legacy. Letters enable these writers to continue aesthetic experiments while simultaneously addressing politics, society, and the purpose of literature itself. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: English.

À partir de fonds d’archives, il s’est agi tout d’abord de rechercher, de transcrire et d’éditer la correspondance maçonnique entre Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, fondateur du Régime Écossais Rectifié à Lyon et Claude-François Achard, Vénérable Maître de la Triple Union de Marseille. On s’est intéressé aux échanges d’idées entre Willermoz et Achard et au discours du maçon lyonnais. Le but a été de mettre en évidence les principaux axes de la correspondance et notamment les thèmes ésotériques. / The scope of this work has been to complete and transcribe, then edit the masonic correspondence, from various archives collections, between Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, founder of the Rectified Scottish Order, and Claude-François Achard, Master of the “Triple Union de Marseille” Lodge. A particular attention has been given to their exchange of ideas, while focusing on JB Willermoz’s way of reasoning, in order to enlighten the major streams of this correspondence, among which its esoterical themes.

Hildegard alleged a spiritual connection with the physical world in her claim that she, a woman, was chosen by God to incarnate His Word on earth as Christ had done in the flesh years before. Woman, the embodiment of the feminine, was connected to the physical world in the medieval era. It was with this idea in mind that Hildegard attached an important significance to nature and the Virgin, seeing each as the ultimate expressions of the feminine divine on earth. However, included in the incarnation, according to Hildegard, was the Church itself along with the clergy, both men and women. In earth, in mankind, in all of nature, she saw a dimension of God, a dimension that found its expression uniquely in the world yet paralleled the God beyond this world. Using Hildegard's letters in German translation, I will show how, in a patriarchal world of the 12th century, Hildegard emphasized the feminine as salvific as a means to establish a balance in the world, a balance that had been offset by the corrupt behavior of Church and State. I will preface this with a brief discussion of the era (p. 6). In Chapter II, I will focus first on how Hildegard saw the feminine manifested in the world and how, for various purposes, she expressed it in her letters. Secondly in Chapter II, by citing further examples in her letter, I will concentrate on how she saw a lack of feminine expression in the world and how she viewed the negative result of this lack. Finally in Chapter IV, I will show how she achieved the expression of this balance. In concluding my paper, I will consider whether she was successful in her efforts: Did she achieve, from others as well as from herself, the balance she sought or were her efforts in vain?

No description available.

The purpose of this paper is to exam the philosophical development of Emanuel Swedenborg's doctrine of correspondence and to note some of the more important parallels between Swedenborg's doctrine and the three contemporary most debated theories concerning the mind-body problem. These three theories was pre-established harmony, its opponent physical influx and finally occasionalism. Especially occasionalism has close connections to Descartes' dualism, but neither pre-established harmony or physical influxus, which in some ways can be dated before Descartes, would have looked the same, if it were not for the Cartesian way of thinking. Also Swedenborg initially inherited major influences from Descartes and that is the first approach in this paper. From there on the paper follows the development of the doctrine of correspondence and the parallels according Swedenborg's more contemporary philosophical writers, until Swedenborg gets to a point where he underwent a profound spiritual crisis and turned his focus on an all together theological approach.

Der Dialog über den Rhein hinweg handelt von Griechenland, und die komplette Übersetzung der platonischen Dialoge durch Victor Cousin ins Französische - nach dem Vorbild Schleiermachers in Deutschland - bildet den entscheidenen strategischen Einsatz auf dem Schlachtfeld der europäischen Philosophie.

Στη διπλωματική αυτή εργασία αναλύεται η εκτίμηση του βάθους μίας άκαμπτης σκηνής από κάμερα τοποθετημένη σε αυτοκίνητο που κινείται. Στο κεφάλαιο 1 γίνεται μία εισαγωγή στον τομέα της Υπολογιστικής Όρασης και δίνονται μερικά παραδείγματα εφαρμογών της. Στο κεφάλαιο 2 περιγράφονται βασικές αρχές της προβολικής γεωμετρίας που χρησιμοποιείται ως μαθηματικό υπόβαθρο για τα επόμενα κεφάλαια. Στο κεφάλαιο 3 γίνεται λόγος για το θεωρητικό μοντέλο της κάμερας, των παραμέτρων της και των παραμορφώσεων που υπεισέρχονται στο μοντέλο αυτό. Στο κεφάλαιο 4 αναφέρεται η διαδικασία βαθμονόμησης της κάμερας, μαζί με την υλοποίησή της. Στο κεφάλαιο 5 παρουσιάζονται γενικές κατηγορίες των στερεοσκοπικών αλγορίθμων που χρησιμοποιούνται, καθώς και τα κατάλληλα μέτρα ομοιότητάς τους. Στο κεφάλαιο 6 γίνεται αναφορά στον ανιχνευτή γωνιών Harris και γίνεται η εφαρμογή του τόσο ως προς την ανίχνευση των γωνιών, όσο και ως προς την αντιστοίχιση των 2 εικόνων. Στο κεφάλαιο 7 αναλύεται η θεωρία του αλγόριθμου SIFT και δίνεται ένα παράδειγμα ανίχνευσης και αντιστοίχισης χαρακτηριστικών. Στο κεφάλαιο 8 επισημαίνονται οι βασικές αρχές της επιπολικής γεωμετρίας, καθώς η σημασία της διόρθωσης των εικόνων. Στο κεφάλαιο 9 αναφέρεται η συνολική διαδικασία που ακολουθήθηκε, μαζί με την περιγραφή και την υλοποίηση των μεθόδων εκτίμησης βάθους που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. / The current master’s thesis analyzes the depth estimation of a rigid scene from a camera attached to a moving vehicle. The first chapter gives an introduction to the field of Computer Vision and provides some examples of its applications. The second chapter describes basic principles of projective geometry that are being used as mathematical background for the next chapters. The third chapter refers to the theoretical modeling of a camera, along with its parameters and the distortions that appear in this model. The forth chapter deals with the camera calibration procedure, along with its implementation. Chapter five presents general categories of stereoscopic algorithms, along with their similarity measures. Chapter six talks about Harris corner detector and its implementation in detecting corners and in the matching process as well. Chapter 7 analyzes the SIFT algorithm theory and gives an example of detecting and matching features. Chapter 8 highlights basic principles of epipolar geometry and stresses out the importance of image rectification. Chapter nine presents the procedure that has been followed, along with the description and implementation of the depth estimation methods that have been used.

- / -

Correspondence is written forms of communications, for example, SMS, E-mail, or letters, and when something is written, it may constitute a literary work protected by copyright. As there is no formal procedure for acquiring copyright, it is not always easy to determine when it exists and therefore know how to impose common rules. In Sweden, the moment of publication of a literary work is when an author makes his work available to the public. This occurs when a work is presented publicly, displayed publicly, or when copies are distributed to the public. This moment is imperative due to the legal effects that enter into force when a work is published. Until the point in time when a work is published, an author has absolute rights to his work, meaning that it is not possible to use a work legally without the author’s consent. As correspondence is a mean of communication, it is inherent in its nature to be transferred to someone else in order to fulfil its purpose. This means that an author has technically published his work the moment he sends it to someone else. However, arguments are raised in case law that a work cannot be published unless the author has intended it to be. This thesis concludes that both assessments of when a work is published are in fact correct. The important aspect that has to be considered when assessing if a work is published or not, is the intended usage of the protected work. Consequently, one may use the results of this thesis either as an argument to apply unbiased provisions of law, in accordance to their wording, or to apply subjective assessments on a case-to-case basis, in order to find an optimal solution.