Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-151).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 2, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-178). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Submitted by Oskari Kalliala (oskari.kalliala@sciencespo.fr) on 2016-04-18T07:44:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Credit Union Correspondents and Financial Inclusion in Brazil - An Exploratory Study.pdf: 5545792 bytes, checksum: 6d34d7539e504a0435f497516a543549 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br) on 2016-04-18T12:31:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Credit Union Correspondents and Financial Inclusion in Brazil - An Exploratory Study.pdf: 5545792 bytes, checksum: 6d34d7539e504a0435f497516a543549 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T12:34:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Credit Union Correspondents and Financial Inclusion in Brazil - An Exploratory Study.pdf: 5545792 bytes, checksum: 6d34d7539e504a0435f497516a543549 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / The Brazilian banking correspondent network has been a topic of study for already a decade, due to its well-documented success in improving access to financial services in remote areas. The marginal but growing role of credit unions in the usage of correspondents has not received much attention from academics, despite the appraised importance of credit unions in finance of proximity. This thesis takes a multi-method approach to perform an exploratory research of credit union correspondents in Brazil. The research objective is two-fold, aiming, from one side, at understanding the incentives of credit unions for contracting correspondents and, from the other, at evaluating whether credit union correspondents improve financial inclusion. The research consists of a case study and quantitative analysis of correspondent registration data and credit union financials. The results indicate that generally the largest and most profitable credit unions use banking correspondents in order to improve efficiency and decrease waiting lines, while promoting financial inclusion only in one restricted dimension – bill payment. Nevertheless, in 2014, credit union correspondents had an important role in providing access to payments in 690 municipalities, of which 200 had low financial depth. Despite the scope limitation of credit union correspondents, the results give reasons to believe that these actors could increase their importance in the promotion of financial inclusion in the future. / A rede de correspondentes bancários do Brasil tem sido estudada há mais de uma década, em particular por causa da sua importância no aumento do alcance de serviços financeiros para regiões distantes dos maiores centros urbanos. O uso de correspondentes por cooperativas de crédito não tem recebido destaque, apesar do papel importante das cooperativas na inclusão financeira. Esta dissertação adota uma abordagem 'multimétodo' para efetuar uma pesquisa exploratória dos correspondentes de cooperativas de crédito no Brasil. A pesquisa visa, por um lado, alargar a compreensão dos incentivos que levam cooperativas a usarem correspondentes, e por outro, avaliar se esses correspondentes merlhoram a inclusão financeira. A pesquisa é formada por um estudo de caso assim como por análise de dados relativos ao registro de correspondentes bancários e de dados financeiros das cooperativas. Os resultados apontam que o uso de correspondentes bancários por cooperativas está relacionado à busca de maior eficiência e redução de filas nas agências. A melhoria da inclusão financeira por esses correspondentes limita-se a um serviço único – o recebimento de pagamentos. Não obstante, em 2014, cooperativas de correspondentes de crédito tinham um papel importante no fornecimento de serviços de recebimento de contas em 690 municípios brasileiros, dos quais 200 tinham baixos níveis de inclusão financeira. Apesar da escassa disponibilidade de serviços dos correspondentes das cooperativas, os resultados sugerem que esses atores poderiam adquirir uma importância maior na promoção de inclusão financeira no futuro.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / During Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the U.S. Department of Defense instituted a program to attach civilian journalists to coalition military units. Their purpose was to report firsthand on the military campaign to topple Saddam Hussein. These "embedded journalists," as they were called, would travel, eat, sleep, and endure the same hardships and dangers of the soldiers and Marines they were accompanying. While their immediate and highly dramatic accounts offered a perspective not before seen by the news-hungry U.S. public, they also raised questions if the "embedding" process resulted in a more thematically narrow coverage of the war. This study addresses the newspaper coverage of OIF by examining the content of the embedded and non-embedded war reporting of various highly circulating U.S. newspapers. It is posited that being attached or embedded within U.S. military units resulted in the journalists producing a body of stories concerning military operations and personnel markedly different than nonembedded reporters during OIF. / Major, United States Marine Corps

For many Australians, Fiji is a place of holidays, coups and rugby. The extent to which we think about this near-neighbour of ours is governed, for most, by what we learn about Fiji through the media. In normal circumstances, there is not a lot to learn as Fiji rarely appears in our media. At times of crisis, such as during the 1987 and 2000 coups in Fiji, there is saturation coverage. At these times, the potential for generating understanding is great. The reporting of a crisis can encapsulate all the social, political and economic issues which are a cause or outcome of an event like a coup, elucidating for media consumers the culture, the history and the social forces involved. In particular, the kinds of sources used and the kinds of organisations these sources represent, the kinds of themes presented in the reporting, and the way the journalists go about their work, can have a significant bearing on how an event like a coup is represented. The reporting of the Fiji coups presented the opportunity to examine these factors. As such, the aim of this thesis is to understand the role of the media in building relationships between developed and developing post-colonial nations like Australia and Fiji. A content analysis of 419 articles published in three leading broadsheet newspapers, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Australian and The Canberra Times, examined the basic characteristics of the articles, with a particular focus on the sources used in these articles. This analysis revealed that the reports were dominated by elite sources, particularly representatives of governments, with a high proportion of Australian sources who provided information from Australia. While alternative sources did appear, they were limited in number. Women, Indian Fijians and representatives of non-government organisations were rarely used as sources. There were some variations between the articles from 1987 and those from 2000, primarily an increase in Indian Fijian sources, but overall the profile of the sources were similar. A thematic analysis of the same articles identified and examined the three most prevalent themes in the coverage. These indicated important aspects of the way the coups were represented: the way Fiji was represented, the way Australia's responses were represented, and the way the coup leaders were represented. This analysis found that the way in which the coups were represented reflected the nature of the relationship between Australia and Fiji. In 1987, the unexpected nature of the coup meant there was a struggle to re-define how Fiji should be understood. In 2000, Australia's increased focus on Fiji and the Pacific region was demonstrated by reports which represented the situation as more complex and uncertain, demanding more varied responses. A series of interviews with journalists who travelled to Fiji to cover the coups revealed that the working conditions for Australian media varied greatly between 1987 and 2000. The situational factors, particularly those which limited their work, had an impact on the journalists' ability to access specific kinds of sources and, ultimately, the kinds of themes which appeared in the stories. The variation between 1987 and 2000 demonstrated that under different conditions, journalists were able to access a more diverse range of sources and present more sophisticated perspectives of the coup. In a cross-cultural situation such as this, the impact of reporting dominated by elite sources is felt not just in the country being covered, but also in the country where the reporting appears. It presents a limited representation, which marginalises and downplays the often complex social, cultural and historical factors which contribute to an event like a coup. Debate and alternative ways of understanding are limited and the chance to engage more deeply with a place like Fiji is, by and large, lost.

published_or_final_version / Journalism and Media Studies Centre / Master / Master of Journalism

Foreign correspondence is essential for our understanding of the world and therefore it is paramount that we be aware of how it is affected by modern technology and altered economic conditions. In this study we set out to investigate the state of foreign correspondence today, in comparison to twenty years ago. More specifically we compared foreign news articles from a week in 1993 and the same week in 2013, in the Swedish newspapers Expressen and Dagens Nyheter. We chose these newspapers as we felt they each represented a different area of Swedish journalism, DN being a regular morning newspaper and Expressen being a tabloid newspaper. We looked mainly at three things in the articles: who was the writer, i.e. was the article by a correspondent, a news agency or someone else, what source was used and what part of the world was it about. We then made comparisons between both the different years and the different newspapers, as well as current and twenty years old lists of correspondents. According to the material we looked at there were some clear differences between foreign correspondence 1993 and 2013. Overall the number of correspondents has gone down, although the difference is mainly due to changes made by Expressen, while DN had a much smaller decrease. The number of articles written by correspondents had similarly decreased, however the total number of foreign articles had not. And for Expressen the number of articles based on their own information had actually increased. And so had the number of countries covered during that week. To cover for the decrease in articles written by foreign correspondents, DN had mainly increased their use of news agencies, while Expressen had a considerably larger share of articles written by journalists who are not regular foreign correspondents. The decrease of foreign correspondents had had no negative effect on the amount of articles, covered countries or articles based on the newspapers own information. With an increasingly globalized world, having journalist stationed around it has become less necessary to keeping up a large quantity of foreign articles. Journalism is, however, about more than quantity, and there is reason to be cautious of a foreign journalism that is increasingly written by people lacking specialized knowledge of the area they are writing about.

No description available.

How war is depicted matters vitally to all of us. In the vast literature on war representation, little attention is paid to the fact that where the war recorder1stands crucially affects the portrayal. Should the writer be present on the battle-field, and, if so, where exactly? Should the recording figure be present in the text, and, if so, in what guise? 'Standing' differs from person to person, conflict to conflict, and between genders. Therefore, this thesis focuses on one particular war recorder in one particular war: the American journalist and fiction-writer, Martha Gellhorn (1908-98), in the European Theatre of Operations during World War Two. The fact that Gellhorn was a woman affected how she could and did place herself in relation to battle - but gender, though important, was not the only factor. Her course in and around war was dazzling: hitching rides, stowing away, travelling on dynamite-laden ships through mined waters, flying in ancient planes and deadly fighter jets, driving from battle-field to battle-field, mucking in, standing out. Her trajectory within her prose is equally versatile: she zooms in and out like a camera lens from impassiveness to intense involvement to withdrawal. The thesis is organised along the same spectrum. The first two chapters plot the co- ordinates forming the zero point on the graph of Gellhorn's Second World War writings (earlier American war correspondence, the 1930s' New Reportage, Gellhorn's upbringing and journalistic apprenticeship). Chapter Three then shows her in the guise of self-effacing, emotionally absent recorder. Moving from absence to presence, Chapter Four considers Martha Gellhorn in the field and Chapter Five 'Martha Gellhorn' in the text. Chapter Six describes the shift from presence to participation, before reaching the end of the parabola in Gellhorn's disillusionment in the power of writing to reform and her concerns about women's presence in the war zone. Given that positioning is the central concern, it is important to note the placement of Martha Gellhorn within the thesis itself. She stands as the central, pivotal example of the war recorder, illuminated by various contexts and comparisons with other writers (notably Ernest Hemingway, to whom she was married from 1940 to 1945). As a result of this approach, there are necessarily stretches of the text from which she is absent, as the survey turns to theoretical and comparative discussion. The hope is that this methodology reveals why Gellhorn, in the field and in the text, went where she did.