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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

A study of psychographics and the application of psychographic segmentation in the Hong Kong cosmetics market.

January 1991 (has links)
by Ko Kit-ling Kitty, Li Kit-yee Karen. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 63-65. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.v / PREFACE --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.vii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Rationale of Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Method --- p.2 / Chapter II. --- psychographics --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Definition of Lifestyle --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Lifestyle Measures --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Market Segmentation --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5 --- Uses and Problems --- p.16 / Chapter III. --- THE LOCAL COSMETICS MARKET --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Increasing Local Consumption on Cosmetics --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Definition of Cosmetics --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3 --- Overview of the Local Cosmetics Market --- p.21 / Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS AND ANALYSES --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1 --- Profile of Respondents --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of Frequent and Occasional Cosmetics Users --- p.29 / Chapter 4.3 --- Contrasting Responses of Frequent Cosmetics Users on Product-Specific and General Measures --- p.32 / Chapter V. --- MARKETING IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.34 / Chapter 5.1 --- Market Segmentation --- p.34 / Chapter 5.2 --- Product --- p.34 / Chapter 5.3 --- Distribution --- p.35 / Chapter 5.4 --- Advertising --- p.35 / Chapter 5.5 --- Promotion --- p.36 / Chapter VI. --- LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY --- p.38 / Chapter VII. --- CONCLUSION --- p.40 / Chapter VIII. --- SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.42 / APPENDICES --- p.44 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.63
12

A new player in the color cosmetic industry in Hong Kong--: make-up art cosmetics (M.A.C.).

January 1996 (has links)
by Lam Lai-Ming, Tai King-Chi. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [35-36]). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.v / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Overview of the Project --- p.1 / Industry Background --- p.1 / Customer --- p.2 / Objectives --- p.3 / Scope of Study --- p.3 / Definition of Terms --- p.5 / Organization of the Project --- p.6 / Summary --- p.6 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.8 / Research Design --- p.8 / Exploratory Research --- p.8 / Literature Review --- p.9 / Company Interview --- p.9 / Observation --- p.9 / Descriptive Research --- p.10 / Field Work --- p.10 / Sampling --- p.10 / Questionnaire Design --- p.11 / Summary --- p.11 / Chapter III. --- COMPANY BACKGROUND --- p.13 / Setting the Foundation --- p.13 / Business Philosophies and Social Responsibility --- p.14 / Business Development --- p.16 / Marketing Objective of Setting the Hong Kong Counter --- p.17 / Summary --- p.18 / Chapter IV. --- THE ENVIRONMENT --- p.19 / Market and Competitors --- p.19 / Target Group --- p.20 / Summary --- p.21 / Chapter V. --- THE CURRENT MARKETING STRATEGIES --- p.22 / Product Strategy --- p.22 / Price Strategy --- p.23 / Communication Strategy --- p.24 / Endorsement of Celebrities --- p.24 / Services and Salesforce Strategy --- p.25 / Distribution Strategy --- p.26 / Summary --- p.27 / Chapter VI. --- DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION --- p.28 / Interviewee Profile --- p.28 / About Color Cosmetic Users in General --- p.29 / Buyer Behavior and Brand Loyalty --- p.29 / Awareness Level Among Different Brands --- p.33 / About Those Who Know MAC --- p.35 / MAC Visitors --- p.35 / MAC Purchasers --- p.36 / Information Channels --- p.37 / Intention to Buy --- p.38 / Impression on MAC --- p.39 / Summary --- p.41 / Chapter VII. --- IMPLICATION OF FINDINGS --- p.43 / Low Loyalty --- p.43 / """Word-of-mouth""" --- p.43 / Criteria in Selecting the Shop and Making Purchase --- p.44 / Importance of Point of Purchase Material and Salesperson --- p.44 / Success Factors of MAC --- p.45 / Weaknesses of MAC --- p.45 / Conclusion --- p.46 / Chapter VIII. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.47 / Product Strategy --- p.47 / Price Strategy --- p.49 / Communication Strategy --- p.49 / Services and Salesforce Strategy --- p.51 / Distribution Strategy --- p.51 / Summary --- p.52 / Chapter IX. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.54 / APPENDIX / BIBLIOGRAPHY
13

Brand equity as a predictor of repurchase intention of male branded cosmetic products in South Africa

Pather, Praveshni January 2016 (has links)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Strategic Marketing / The cosmetic industry over the years has proven to be one of the fastest growing and most profitable industries globally. In the male cosmetic industry, male grooming, metrosexual and dapper trends have rapidly expanded across global communities and, in recent years, have become a leading trend amongst South African men. These emerging trends subsequently shaped the way businesses and companies expanded product lines and developed marketing strategies. It is imperative that we understand what marketing capabilities companies require to stay abreast of local trends in order to gain a market share and strong brand presence in these expanding categories. Companies invest significant financial resources on marketing in order to have a compelling value proposition against competitors. Understanding the customer and what aspects of brand equity resonate with customers would ensure that companies have a streamlined customer centric marketing plan that meets the customers’ needs and addresses the accurate emotional touch points to capture the customer and encourage resilient repurchase intention. Four hypotheses are posited and in order to empirically test them a sample data set of 208 was collected in South Africa. The results indicate that brand loyalty, brand awareness, perceived quality and brand association positively influences repurchase intention of male branded cosmetic products in South Africa in a significant way. Drawing from the study’s findings, managerial implications are discussed and limitations and future research directions are suggested. / MT2017
14

Understanding Brand Avoidance Among Female Chinese Consumers : The driving forces behind negative consumption among female Chinese consumers

Liu, Xiaonuo January 2019 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to find the main drivers of brand avoidance behavior among Chinese female's cosmetics consumers. Based on Lee et al. (2009) and Knittel et al. (2016) model to do the research. Research was conducted based on existing literature. The results show that Chinese female consumers have common driving force in brand avoidance behavior, namely political positioning and animal test in moral avoidance. According to the existing theoretical framework, the cultural differences are used to create a brand avoidance model to suit Chinese female consumers.
15

Industrial restructuring and labor demand in Chile under free trade case studies of the cosmetics and agro industries /

Berg, Janine M. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--New School University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 291-302).
16

Estudo exploratório de mecanismos de regulação sanitária de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil / Exploratory study of the sanitary regulatory mechanisms of nanocosmetic products in Brazil

Fronza, Tassiana January 2006 (has links)
Atualmente, existem diversos produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica disponíveis no mercado nacional, incluindo protetores solares, produtos para a prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo, ou ainda, produtos que veiculam uma ampla gama de componentes. Em contrapartida ao grande interesse industrial, várias organizações não governamentais têm expressado a sua preocupação acerca das incertezas do impacto dos novos nanomateriais sobre a saúde humana e sobre as possíveis aplicações e implicações sociais dessa nova tecnologia. Além disso, tem sido amplamente questionada a adequação dos atuais sistemas regulatórios governamentais no que diz respeito aos produtos oriundos da nanotecnologia. De fato, mundialmente, não existem requisitos específicos para o registro de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica, sendo a análise realizada, de maneira geral, caso a caso. Dentro desse contexto, esse estudo traçou uma descrição do perfil da produção industrial de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil, buscando avaliar a disponibilidade dos mesmos no mercado nacional e a sua segurança de uso com base na análise das matérias primas constituintes dos produtos, determinação do seu diâmetro de partícula e dados disponíveis na literatura. Em uma última etapa, foram propostos alguns parâmetros para a regulação de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil, em especial, no que diz respeito à classificação dos produtos e a rotulagem dos mesmos. / There are a number of nanocosmetic products in the domestic market today, including sunblock, products for prevention against skin aging, or even products which circulate in a wide range components. Running counter to major industrial interests, many non-governmental organizations have expressed their concern regarding the uncertainties of the impact new nanomaterials may have on human health as well as the possible applications and social implications that this new technology may bring. Moreover, the adaptation of current governmental regulations has widely come under scrutiny regarding products stemming from nanotechnology. In fact, worldwide, there are no specific requirements to register nanotechological cosmetic products, as each is generally analyzed on a case by case basis. Within this context, this study traced the profile of the industrial production of nanotechnological cosmetic products in Brazil, with the aim of assessing the availability of these products in the domestic market and their safe usage based on the analysis of the raw materials which make up the products, the determining of particle diameter, and the data available in the literature. In the final stage, some parameters for the regulation of nanotechnological cosmetic products in Brazil are proposed, especially as regards the classification and labeling of products.
17

Caracterização, tratamento e viabilidade de aplicação de argilas provenientes de resíduos de extração de areia na área cosmética

Favero, Juliana da Silva 21 February 2017 (has links)
As argilas são materiais naturais, terrosos, de granulação fina e que apresentam plasticidade em contato com a água. A aplicabilidade das argilas na área cosmética depende da sua composição química e mineralógica, porém esses materiais possuem elevada biocarga, sendo o controle dessa carga microbiana necessário antes da aplicação das mesmas na área cosmética. Além disso, devido a variabilidade na composição das mesmas, estudos que avaliem a composição química e a aplicabilidade das argilas são necessários. O presente trabalho consistiu na caracterização de quatro tipos diferentes de argilas, provenientes do resíduo da extração de areia de mineradoras do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio de técnicas de fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, análise térmica, distribuição de tamanho de partículas por dispersão a laser, avaliação da área superficial, espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e avaliação da morfologia das argilas. A carga microbiana das argilas foi avaliada e foram propostos dois métodos de descontaminação. As argilas foram incorporadas em gel hidrofílico e emulsão não iônica passando por um teste de estabilidade acelerada durante 90 dias, nos quais as amostras foram armazenadas a temperatura de 20°C ±2°C, 2°C ±2°C e 45°C ±2°C, juntamente com os respectivos padrões (emulsão e gel sem argila). Foram avaliadas, durante o teste, características organolépticas das formulações, assim como pH, espalhabilidade, viscosidade, resistência à centrifugação e diâmetro de partículas. As formulações que apresentaram os melhores resultados nesses testes foram submetidas ao teste de irritabilidade dérmica in vivo. Avaliou-se o potencial citotóxico in vitro das argilas pelo ensaio MTT, brometo de 3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolio, e coloração Giemsa. A caracterização por DRX permitiu verificar a presença de caulinita e ilita, como principais fases mineralógicas identificadas nas amostras, além do silício como o mineral em maior concentração para todas as amostras. O diâmetro médio de partícula variou de 3,6 a 24,1 μm e a área superficial de 22,8 a 38,57 m2/g, sendo que a Argila III foi a que apresentou o maior valor de área superficial. Os métodos de descontaminação propostos, utilizando associação de álcool 70°GL e calor seco a 120°C e somente o calor seco, promoveram redução da carga microbiana das amostras adequando as argilas aos limites exigidos para uso em cosméticos. Os resultados obtidos na avaliação da estabilidade das formulações, nas condições testadas, demonstraram que as argilas alteraram parâmetros como viscosidade, espalhabilidade e diâmetro de partículas. O valor de pH não sofreu alterações com a adição das argilas e não houve alterações após a centrifugação das amostras. Dentre os veículos estudados, os géis apresentaram maior estabilidade que as emulsões, frente às condições testadas e os parâmetros avaliados. Dessa forma, os géis contendo os quatro tipos de argila e o gel padrão, foram escolhidos para avaliação da irritabilidade dérmica in vivo. Verificou-se que nenhuma das amostras causou irritação nos voluntários nas condições testadas. No teste de citotoxicidade todas as argilas demonstraram uma reduzida atividade citotóxica. Considerando os testes realizados, as argilas estudadas possuem uma atividade promissora quanto à aplicabilidade na indústria cosmética. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-05-23T17:45:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliana da Silva Favero.pdf: 13674482 bytes, checksum: 044596817fd9bfbe4791fbbff740b2ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T17:45:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliana da Silva Favero.pdf: 13674482 bytes, checksum: 044596817fd9bfbe4791fbbff740b2ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS. / Clays are natural, earthy, fine-grained materials that exhibit plasticity in contact with water. The applicability of the clays in the cosmetic area depends on their chemical and mineralogical composition, but these materials have huge bioburden and the control of this bioburden is necessary before applying them in the cosmetic area. Moreover, due to the variability in their composition, studies that evaluate the chemical composition and the applicability of the clays are necessary. The present work consisted in the characterization of four different types of clays, originated from the sand extraction residue of mining activities in the hinterland of São Paulo state, Brazil, using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, particle size distribution by laser dispersion, surface area evaluation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and clay morphology evaluation. The bioburden of the clays was evaluated and two methods of decontamination were proposed. The clays were incorporated in hydrophilic gel and nonionic emulsion under an accelerated stability test during 90 days, in which the samples were stored at a temperature of 20 ° C ± 2 ° C, 2 ° C ± 2 ° C and 45 ° C ± 2 ° C, with the respective standards (emulsion and gel without clay). The organoleptic characteristics of the formulations, as well as pH, spreadability, viscosity, centrifugation resistance and particle diameter were evaluated during the test. The formulations with the best results in these tests were submitted to the in vivo dermal irritability test. The in vitro cytotoxic potential of clays was evaluated by MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and Giemsa. The XRD characterization allowed to verify the presence of kaolinite and illite, as the main mineralogical phases identified in the samples, besides silicon as the mineral in the highest concentration for all the samples. The average particle diameter ranged from 3.6 to 24.1 μm and the surface area of 22.8 to 38.57 m2/g, and Clay III showed the highest surface area value. The proposed decontamination methods, using a combination of alcohol 70 ° GL and dry heat at 120 ° C and dry heat alone, promoted reduction of the bioburden of the samples, adjusting the clays to the limits required for cosmetics application. The results obtained in the evaluation of the stability of the formulations, under the conditions tested, showed that the clays changed parameters such as viscosity, spreadability and particle diameter. The pH value did not change with the addition of the clays and there were no changes after centrifugation of the samples. Among the studied vehicles, the gels presented greater stability than the emulsions, in front of the conditions tested and the evaluated parameters. Thus, the gels containing the four types of clay and the standard gel were chosen for evaluation of dermal irritability in vivo. None of the samples induced irritation in volunteers under the conditions tested. In the cytotoxicity test all the clays showed a reduced cytotoxic activity. Considering the tests performed, the clays studied have a promising activity regarding applicability in the cosmetic industry.
18

Estudo exploratório de mecanismos de regulação sanitária de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil / Exploratory study of the sanitary regulatory mechanisms of nanocosmetic products in Brazil

Fronza, Tassiana January 2006 (has links)
Atualmente, existem diversos produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica disponíveis no mercado nacional, incluindo protetores solares, produtos para a prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo, ou ainda, produtos que veiculam uma ampla gama de componentes. Em contrapartida ao grande interesse industrial, várias organizações não governamentais têm expressado a sua preocupação acerca das incertezas do impacto dos novos nanomateriais sobre a saúde humana e sobre as possíveis aplicações e implicações sociais dessa nova tecnologia. Além disso, tem sido amplamente questionada a adequação dos atuais sistemas regulatórios governamentais no que diz respeito aos produtos oriundos da nanotecnologia. De fato, mundialmente, não existem requisitos específicos para o registro de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica, sendo a análise realizada, de maneira geral, caso a caso. Dentro desse contexto, esse estudo traçou uma descrição do perfil da produção industrial de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil, buscando avaliar a disponibilidade dos mesmos no mercado nacional e a sua segurança de uso com base na análise das matérias primas constituintes dos produtos, determinação do seu diâmetro de partícula e dados disponíveis na literatura. Em uma última etapa, foram propostos alguns parâmetros para a regulação de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil, em especial, no que diz respeito à classificação dos produtos e a rotulagem dos mesmos. / There are a number of nanocosmetic products in the domestic market today, including sunblock, products for prevention against skin aging, or even products which circulate in a wide range components. Running counter to major industrial interests, many non-governmental organizations have expressed their concern regarding the uncertainties of the impact new nanomaterials may have on human health as well as the possible applications and social implications that this new technology may bring. Moreover, the adaptation of current governmental regulations has widely come under scrutiny regarding products stemming from nanotechnology. In fact, worldwide, there are no specific requirements to register nanotechological cosmetic products, as each is generally analyzed on a case by case basis. Within this context, this study traced the profile of the industrial production of nanotechnological cosmetic products in Brazil, with the aim of assessing the availability of these products in the domestic market and their safe usage based on the analysis of the raw materials which make up the products, the determining of particle diameter, and the data available in the literature. In the final stage, some parameters for the regulation of nanotechnological cosmetic products in Brazil are proposed, especially as regards the classification and labeling of products.
19

Estudo exploratório de mecanismos de regulação sanitária de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil / Exploratory study of the sanitary regulatory mechanisms of nanocosmetic products in Brazil

Fronza, Tassiana January 2006 (has links)
Atualmente, existem diversos produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica disponíveis no mercado nacional, incluindo protetores solares, produtos para a prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo, ou ainda, produtos que veiculam uma ampla gama de componentes. Em contrapartida ao grande interesse industrial, várias organizações não governamentais têm expressado a sua preocupação acerca das incertezas do impacto dos novos nanomateriais sobre a saúde humana e sobre as possíveis aplicações e implicações sociais dessa nova tecnologia. Além disso, tem sido amplamente questionada a adequação dos atuais sistemas regulatórios governamentais no que diz respeito aos produtos oriundos da nanotecnologia. De fato, mundialmente, não existem requisitos específicos para o registro de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica, sendo a análise realizada, de maneira geral, caso a caso. Dentro desse contexto, esse estudo traçou uma descrição do perfil da produção industrial de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil, buscando avaliar a disponibilidade dos mesmos no mercado nacional e a sua segurança de uso com base na análise das matérias primas constituintes dos produtos, determinação do seu diâmetro de partícula e dados disponíveis na literatura. Em uma última etapa, foram propostos alguns parâmetros para a regulação de produtos cosméticos de base nanotecnológica no Brasil, em especial, no que diz respeito à classificação dos produtos e a rotulagem dos mesmos. / There are a number of nanocosmetic products in the domestic market today, including sunblock, products for prevention against skin aging, or even products which circulate in a wide range components. Running counter to major industrial interests, many non-governmental organizations have expressed their concern regarding the uncertainties of the impact new nanomaterials may have on human health as well as the possible applications and social implications that this new technology may bring. Moreover, the adaptation of current governmental regulations has widely come under scrutiny regarding products stemming from nanotechnology. In fact, worldwide, there are no specific requirements to register nanotechological cosmetic products, as each is generally analyzed on a case by case basis. Within this context, this study traced the profile of the industrial production of nanotechnological cosmetic products in Brazil, with the aim of assessing the availability of these products in the domestic market and their safe usage based on the analysis of the raw materials which make up the products, the determining of particle diameter, and the data available in the literature. In the final stage, some parameters for the regulation of nanotechnological cosmetic products in Brazil are proposed, especially as regards the classification and labeling of products.
20

Caracterização, tratamento e viabilidade de aplicação de argilas provenientes de resíduos de extração de areia na área cosmética

Favero, Juliana da Silva 21 February 2017 (has links)
As argilas são materiais naturais, terrosos, de granulação fina e que apresentam plasticidade em contato com a água. A aplicabilidade das argilas na área cosmética depende da sua composição química e mineralógica, porém esses materiais possuem elevada biocarga, sendo o controle dessa carga microbiana necessário antes da aplicação das mesmas na área cosmética. Além disso, devido a variabilidade na composição das mesmas, estudos que avaliem a composição química e a aplicabilidade das argilas são necessários. O presente trabalho consistiu na caracterização de quatro tipos diferentes de argilas, provenientes do resíduo da extração de areia de mineradoras do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio de técnicas de fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, análise térmica, distribuição de tamanho de partículas por dispersão a laser, avaliação da área superficial, espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e avaliação da morfologia das argilas. A carga microbiana das argilas foi avaliada e foram propostos dois métodos de descontaminação. As argilas foram incorporadas em gel hidrofílico e emulsão não iônica passando por um teste de estabilidade acelerada durante 90 dias, nos quais as amostras foram armazenadas a temperatura de 20°C ±2°C, 2°C ±2°C e 45°C ±2°C, juntamente com os respectivos padrões (emulsão e gel sem argila). Foram avaliadas, durante o teste, características organolépticas das formulações, assim como pH, espalhabilidade, viscosidade, resistência à centrifugação e diâmetro de partículas. As formulações que apresentaram os melhores resultados nesses testes foram submetidas ao teste de irritabilidade dérmica in vivo. Avaliou-se o potencial citotóxico in vitro das argilas pelo ensaio MTT, brometo de 3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolio, e coloração Giemsa. A caracterização por DRX permitiu verificar a presença de caulinita e ilita, como principais fases mineralógicas identificadas nas amostras, além do silício como o mineral em maior concentração para todas as amostras. O diâmetro médio de partícula variou de 3,6 a 24,1 μm e a área superficial de 22,8 a 38,57 m2/g, sendo que a Argila III foi a que apresentou o maior valor de área superficial. Os métodos de descontaminação propostos, utilizando associação de álcool 70°GL e calor seco a 120°C e somente o calor seco, promoveram redução da carga microbiana das amostras adequando as argilas aos limites exigidos para uso em cosméticos. Os resultados obtidos na avaliação da estabilidade das formulações, nas condições testadas, demonstraram que as argilas alteraram parâmetros como viscosidade, espalhabilidade e diâmetro de partículas. O valor de pH não sofreu alterações com a adição das argilas e não houve alterações após a centrifugação das amostras. Dentre os veículos estudados, os géis apresentaram maior estabilidade que as emulsões, frente às condições testadas e os parâmetros avaliados. Dessa forma, os géis contendo os quatro tipos de argila e o gel padrão, foram escolhidos para avaliação da irritabilidade dérmica in vivo. Verificou-se que nenhuma das amostras causou irritação nos voluntários nas condições testadas. No teste de citotoxicidade todas as argilas demonstraram uma reduzida atividade citotóxica. Considerando os testes realizados, as argilas estudadas possuem uma atividade promissora quanto à aplicabilidade na indústria cosmética. / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS. / Clays are natural, earthy, fine-grained materials that exhibit plasticity in contact with water. The applicability of the clays in the cosmetic area depends on their chemical and mineralogical composition, but these materials have huge bioburden and the control of this bioburden is necessary before applying them in the cosmetic area. Moreover, due to the variability in their composition, studies that evaluate the chemical composition and the applicability of the clays are necessary. The present work consisted in the characterization of four different types of clays, originated from the sand extraction residue of mining activities in the hinterland of São Paulo state, Brazil, using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, particle size distribution by laser dispersion, surface area evaluation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and clay morphology evaluation. The bioburden of the clays was evaluated and two methods of decontamination were proposed. The clays were incorporated in hydrophilic gel and nonionic emulsion under an accelerated stability test during 90 days, in which the samples were stored at a temperature of 20 ° C ± 2 ° C, 2 ° C ± 2 ° C and 45 ° C ± 2 ° C, with the respective standards (emulsion and gel without clay). The organoleptic characteristics of the formulations, as well as pH, spreadability, viscosity, centrifugation resistance and particle diameter were evaluated during the test. The formulations with the best results in these tests were submitted to the in vivo dermal irritability test. The in vitro cytotoxic potential of clays was evaluated by MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and Giemsa. The XRD characterization allowed to verify the presence of kaolinite and illite, as the main mineralogical phases identified in the samples, besides silicon as the mineral in the highest concentration for all the samples. The average particle diameter ranged from 3.6 to 24.1 μm and the surface area of 22.8 to 38.57 m2/g, and Clay III showed the highest surface area value. The proposed decontamination methods, using a combination of alcohol 70 ° GL and dry heat at 120 ° C and dry heat alone, promoted reduction of the bioburden of the samples, adjusting the clays to the limits required for cosmetics application. The results obtained in the evaluation of the stability of the formulations, under the conditions tested, showed that the clays changed parameters such as viscosity, spreadability and particle diameter. The pH value did not change with the addition of the clays and there were no changes after centrifugation of the samples. Among the studied vehicles, the gels presented greater stability than the emulsions, in front of the conditions tested and the evaluated parameters. Thus, the gels containing the four types of clay and the standard gel were chosen for evaluation of dermal irritability in vivo. None of the samples induced irritation in volunteers under the conditions tested. In the cytotoxicity test all the clays showed a reduced cytotoxic activity. Considering the tests performed, the clays studied have a promising activity regarding applicability in the cosmetic industry.

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