Ante la situación coyuntural de saturación en que se encuentra la costa brava, se propone un estudio sobre los itinerarios peatonales en las zonas rocosas de la misma, conocidos como caminos de ronda, como elementos singulares de la misma y limite tradicional entre el dominio público y privado, además de alternativa al ocio de muchos visitantes. * El análisis se divide en cuatro partes donde cada una goza de autonomía metodología a la vez que configuran un discurso global. Así en la primera, la de los antecedentes, se demuestra a partir del análisis de la cartografía antigua y de las postales la existencia de algunos fragmentos desde el siglo XVII, y como con la llegada del primer turismo a principios de siglo fueron dados a conocer mediante diversas publicaciones especializadas.* A partir del camino de Sagaro (primero urbanizado) y de las normas costa brava de 1954 (primera legislación especifica), de la mano de los diferentes planeamientos urbanísticos, se extienden por todo el litoral en un proceso prolongado en el tiempo hasta nuestros días pero sin criterios comunes como se evidencia en la segunda parte.* En la tercera se realiza un completo catalogo-guía del estado actual de estos caminos con todos sus incidentes así como un análisis de sus elementos de composición desde diversas ópticas poniendo de manifiesto la falta de coherencia de muchas de las soluciones y el criterio especulativo y minimalista de las actuaciones en ellos realizados.* En la última parte se propone un plan global que se desarrolla en todos sus aspectos, incluso en la propuesta de una nueva herramienta gráfica, la manipulación de imágenes por medios informáticos, con la que se ilustra un proyecto especifico de camino configurando un discurso grafico paralelo que se desarrolla en el segundo volumen.

Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 2009

This project looks at the history of the Afro-Costa Ricans in Costa Rica and their relationship with the Costa Rican government. The goal is to show that the geography of the country contributed to the marginalization and invisibility of this minority group. This has been done using archival materials from collections based in Costa Rica and secondary texts found in the United States. Upon examination of these materials it was clear that the province of Limón became a space connected with blackness and there were inequalities between citizens of the coastal province and the central valley. This research highlights the Afro- diaspora in Costa Rica, the flawed Costa Rican democracy and the effect of American Imperialism on Latin America. / text

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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Dengue fever has increased to the point where it has become a major international public health and economical problem, mainly in urban and semi-urban areas in tropical and subtropical regions. Worldwide 2,5 billion people live in regions where dengue can be transmitted and approximately 100 million people get infected yearly. In 2002 there was a great outbreak in Latin America, and Costa Rica was in the top three regarding reported cases. At the time of writing, reports show that cases of dengue are currently low in Costa Rica. Although the figures vary, dengue remains a public health problem. This study aimed to describe Costa Rican registered nurses’ views and experiences of caring for patients with dengue fever. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews and conducted with eight registered nurses from Costa Rica, and analysed with qualitative content analysis method with search for similarities and differences which later were categorized. The result was divided into five categories; the conception about dengue fever, caring, patient education, prevention and the future. The result showed a similar perception of the disease and was described as terrible, causing a lot of suffering for the patient, as well as a burden on the health care, that requires large financial resources. To control dengue and suppress the proliferation it is important to have different preventive means and to educate people to achieve a change of the mindset.

Background Out of all chromosomal disorders, Down syndrome is the most common. Being a parent to a child with this contition comes with unique challenges and can be a life-changing experience, as the child will require special attention and interdisciplinary care throughout the life span. Limited research has been done regarding parents experiences of daily life with a child having Down syndrome, and this study is an attempt to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon in general, and in Costa Rica in particular. Aim The aim of the study was to describe parent's experiences of daily life with a child having Down syndrome in Costa Rica. Method A qualitative interview study with a semi-structure was used as approach together with qualitative content analysis. An inductive approach was used for the analysis. Six parents in San José were interviewed for the study. Result Parents' experiences of daily life with a child having Down syndrome in Costa Rica was associated with various aspects, some in general and some more specific. The general were positive and negative experiences, whereas the others were more focused on specific areas regarding the daily life and Costa Rica as a country. Conclusion Parents in Costa Rica tend to have similar positive and negative experiences when comparing to other studies of this phenomenon. The findings suggest that Costa Rica is a country with deficiencies when it comes to the social, legal and educational system.

自1949年以來，中國成為中國的（中國）中華人民共和國和台灣，中華民國在台灣（ROC），中國聲稱“只有一個中國”，中華民國聲稱被聯合國承認。迄今為止，台灣是由22個國家正式承認，其中一人是薩爾瓦多是中美洲。哥斯達黎加，來自同一個分區內，是台灣的重要盟友直到2007年，移動與中國建交。雖然台灣的發展合作是獲得更多的國際空間，它是多樣的，長期的;中國的合作是孤立台灣，它有一個小品種，短期內有很大的資金超過台灣。在另一方面，由於中國是全球範圍內獲得更多的相關性，許多國家更喜歡建立與中國，而不是台灣的官方關係;這是其中一個原因哥斯達黎加首選轉向外交關係 / Since 1949 that China became People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan, Republic of China in Taiwan (ROC), PRC claims “Only One China” and ROC claims to be recognized by the United Nations. Thus far Taiwan is officially recognized by 22 countries, one of them is El Salvador which is in Central America. Costa Rica, from the same sub-region, was an important ally of Taiwan until 2007 that shifted diplomatic relations with China. While Taiwan's development cooperation is for gaining more international space, it is diverse and long term; China’s cooperation is for isolating Taiwan, it has a little variety, short term and has much funding than Taiwan’s. On the other hand, since China is acquiring more relevance globally, many countries prefer to set up official ties with China instead of Taiwan; and this was one of the reasons why Costa Rica preferred to shift diplomatic ties