Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (APKD) is a genetic disease transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. There is no cure. Treatment is of the symptoms as they appear usually in adulthood. Patients affected by APKD may receive genetic counselling from renal physicians. The aims of genetic counselling can be described through paradigms which reflect the current understanding of genetics and knowledge of the illnesses. The availability of new diagnostic techniques creates a new paradigm concerned with the ethical issues of genetic testing and counselling. An investigation into patients' knowledge, perceptions and understanding of genetic counselling was undertaken at the Renal Unit of Glasgow Royal Infirmary, prior to the establishment of a screening and counselling service for those at risk for APKD. The main findings of the study were: the majority of patients had received some genetic counselling from renal physicians; the majority of patients had relatively good knowledge of the symptoms of and treatments for APKD; nevertheless patients believed that the two most important items to be included in genetic counselling were information about the symptoms and the treatment of APKD; patients did not fully understand the genetic inheritance of APKD; they described the risk of transmission of APKD (50-50) as a medium risk; almost all patients recommended that their at risk relatives and their children be tested for APKD; prior to the availability of prenatal diagnosis, patients thought that their children should be tested between the ages of 16 and 20. A secondary study, including spouses of those with APKD and also haemophiliacs and their spouses, found that respondents favoured prenatal testing without termination of pregnancy and that both diseases were rated as being of medium severity. These findings raise ethical issues for those giving genetic counselling, and have implications for the content of genetic counselling.

The problem of this study is to assess the relationship between counselor self-incongruence (operationally defined in terms of cardiac arousal), the therapeutic quality of his verbal behavior, and level of client self-exploration in a counseling setting.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of counselor gender, counselor age, and type of problem on client expectations and preferences for counselors.

A strong professional counselor identity is vital for supervisees in training (Hansen, 2003). Supervision has been linked to enhancing the development of a professional identity in supervisees (Bernard & Goodyear, 2004). In a study of counselor interns, Weaks (2002) found supervisees require three core conditions in supervision necessary for developing a professional identity: equality, safety, and challenge. In a similar study, Howard, Inman, and Altman (2006) found beginning practicum supervisees experienced five critical incidents in their professional growth: professional identity, personal reactions, competence, supervision, and philosophy of counseling. The purpose of this study was to explore how practicum and internship supervisees across the two varying educational levels (practicum and internship) experience the development of a professional counselor identity in supervision. This study examined (a) whether internship supervisees experience the same five critical incidents in their development of a professional identity as practicum supervisees (Howard, Inman, & Altman; 2006), and (b) whether practicum supervisees require the same three core conditions (Weaks, 2002) necessary for developing a professional identity that internship supervisees experienced. My study found that internship supervisees experienced the same five critical incidents with fluctuation in their development of a professional identity as practicum supervisees in Howard et al.'s (2006) research. Conversely, practicum supervisees in my research did not require all three core conditions necessary for developing a professional identity that internship supervisees experienced in Weaks’ (2002) qualitative study. This study was significant in that it provided empirical research to assist supervisors and counselor educators in understanding the experiences of practicum and internship supervisees.

Both the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Education Programs (CACREP) and the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW) require counselor education programs to provide experiential training to group workers (CACREP, 2009; ASGW, 2000). However, no specific models are given to counselor educators to implement the experiential component. Only two research studies have examined the overall structure and type of instructor involvement commonly used in counselor training programs (Anderson & Price, 2001; Merta, Wolfgang, & McNeil, 1993). In addition, researchers have documented ethical concerns in the use of experiential training methods (Davenport, 2004; Furr & Barret, 2000; Riva & Korinek, 2004) including the role of dual relationships, confidentiality, and competency. Student experience of the experiential training is impacted by both the structure of the experiential group and the ethical pitfalls associated with each (Goodrich, 2008). Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the current models of group work and how the structure of these models impacted student attitudes toward ethical concerns of dual relationships, confidentiality, and competency and overall student experience. Members of the American Counseling Association (ACA) who had graduated with their master's degree in the past five years were asked to respond to the Survey of Student Attitudes and Instructor Participation in Experiential Groups online survey. The findings of this study suggested that the most common group work training model is to have a full-time faculty member both instruct the group work course and facilitate the experiential group. In addition, concern over ethical issues was found to be an important component in student's comfort level and belief that the experiential group was instrumental in their development as a group counselor. These results do not support the findings of Anderson and Price (2001) which suggested a growing trend of group work instructors not being both the facilitator of the experiential group and the instructor of the course. However, the findings do support previous research which indicated that ethical concerns do negatively impact student involvement in the experiential group (Davenport, 2004; Hall, Hall, Harris, Hay, Biddulph, & Duffy, 1999).

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore counselor educators’ perceptions of working with students unwilling to set aside their personal religious beliefs while counseling clients. Purposeful sampling was used in a snowball fashion to select participants with a minimum of one year experience as a counselor educator and who are currently working in the field of counselor education. The participants of this study reported and described perceptions of their lived experiences as counselor educators. The primary research question for my study was what are the perceptions of counselor educators as they relate to working with students who are unwilling to set aside their religious beliefs while counseling clients? The foundation for my study was provided by a review of counselor education literature which focused on areas such as gate-keeping, values conflicts, remediation, referrals, due process, and student dismissal. In this study, the Ward v. Wilbanks et al. and Keeton v. Anderson-Wiley et al. legal cases provided the context within which the question of how counselor educators handle working with students who are unwilling to set aside their religious beliefs was explored. Semi-structured phenomenological interviews including the use of open-ended questions were used to collect data. Taped interviews were transcribed, read and analyzed for key words and descriptive terms. The data was coded into categories, categories were clustered into themes and themes were cross-analyzed to create super-ordinate themes. Super-ordinate themes were then used to address the primary and secondary research questions. Based on the results of my study the one over-arching theme that appeared was gate-keeping. Under the realm of gate-keeping fell three super-ordinate themes: ethical issues, student interventions, and legal issues. Implications for counselor educators are presented along with recommendations for further research. Personal reflections of the researcher were presented.

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