Les rideaux d'eau sont des milieux semi-transparents constitués de gouttelettes d'eau dispersées dans l'air. Le but de ces rideaux ici n’est pas d’interagir avec la flamme dans une optique d’extinction mais plutôt d’agir en tant que boucliers radiatifs contre une forte source de chaleur. En effet, placés entre une source radiative et une cible à protéger, ils permettent de limiter la propagation du rayonnement grâce notamment au caractère absorbant et diffusant des gouttelettes d’eau. L’intérêt du brouillard d’eau réside dans la présence de fines gouttelettes d'eau. Elles possèdent, à quantité d'eau égale, une capacité d'atténuation du rayonnement largement supérieure à celle des techniques de « sprinklage », utilisant une quantité d’eau abondante constituée de gouttes de gros diamètres. Nous avons travaillé expérimentalement (réalisation d'un pilote) et numériquement (code BERGAMOTE) sur le rôle des conditions d'injection : pulvérisation descendante, ascendante, impactante, jets mutualisés en rampe (avec des systèmes comprenant une seule rampe ou deux rampes associées), etc... pour quantifier et comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeu. On retiendra en particulier le fort couplage entre la dynamique des brouillards ou rideaux d'eau et leur propriété d'écran thermique. Il résulte également de ces travaux qu’une modification de la direction d’injection, tout en conservant la même quantité d’eau injectée, engendre de fortes variations sur la capacité d’atténuation du rideau, s’expliquant par la dynamique des sprays injectés. La taille et la concentration en gouttelettes d’eau (liée au temps de séjour des gouttes dans le domaine) apparaissent alors comme des paramètres cruciaux dans l’optique d’une optimisation de ces systèmes de protection / Water sprays, water curtains, or mists, are semi-transparent media made of droplets dispersed in air. Here, water sprays are not used for the extinction of the flame but for radiative shielding against infrared radiation coming from a hot surface. Indeed, placed between a radiative source and a target to be protected, they are able to limit the radiation propagation, due in particular to the ability of droplets to absorb and to scatter infrared radiation.The advantage of mists consists in the presence of fine water droplets. In fact, with the same water volume, they have a widely superior capacity of attenuation radiation compared to “sprinkler” systems which use much water involved as large droplets. A study has been carried out both experimentally (design of an experimental setup) and numerically (BERGAMOTE code) in order to better understand the role of injection conditions. Therefore downward pulverization, upward pulverization, “impinging” spray, several nozzles in a ramp (with systems including one ramp or two ramps), etc… were investigated in order to quantify and assess the implicated phenomena. In particular, a strong coupling appears between the dynamics of sprays and their property of thermal shield. It was also observed from these works that a modification of injection direction, while conserving the same quantity of injected water, results in a strong variation on the attenuation capacity of water curtain, explained by the dynamics of injected sprays. It is worth noting that diameter and concentration of water droplets (related to the residence time of droplets in the domain) are crucial parameters when optimizing these protection systems

Orientador: Antonio Vidiella Barranco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T11:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Decordi_GustavoLazero_M.pdf: 2336423 bytes, checksum: d0ac4b8793e91906cabc7f57fd39f8e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação estudamos um modelo da interação radiação-matéria, mais conhecido como modelo Raman acoplado, consistindo de um átomo de três níveis na configuração ? (lambda) acoplado a dois modos do campo quantizado em regime de alta dessintonia átomo-campo. De início, apresentamos uma revisão dos assuntos que formam a base para o entendimento do trabalho. A partir daí, deduzimos o Hamiltoniano efetivo do modelo através do método de transformação unitária mantendo os termos de segunda ordem nas constantes de acoplamento e eliminando o nível intermediário. Na sequência, comparamos a dinâmica atômica sob duas preparações distintas: na primeira delas consideramos os dois modos em estados puros (estados coerentes), enquanto que na segunda alteramos a preparação do modo 2, mudando o estado coerente para um estado de máxima entropia (estado térmico). Finalizamos esta tese apresentando um estudo do emaranhamento na partição átomomodo 1 sob in uência do modo 2, considerado um subsistema externo. Adotando a Negatividade como principal medida de emaranhamento átomo-campo, vericamos em que circunstâncias do modelo (tempo, preparações iniciais) temos o máximo emaranhamento. / Abstract: In this work we study a model for the matter-radiation interaction, best known as Raman coupled model, which consists of an atom with three levels in the ? (lambda) conguration, coupled to two modes of the quantized field in a high atom-field detuning regime. At the beginning, we present a review of the subjects that form the background for understanding the work. After that, we deduce the Effective Hamiltonian of the model through the method of unitary transformation, keeping the terms of second order in the coupling constants and eliminating the intermediate level. In the sequence, we compare the atomic dynamics under two distinct preparations: in the first we consider the two modes as pure states (coherent states), while in the second we change the preparation in the mode 2, switching the coherent state to a state of maximum entropy (thermal state). We finish this dissertation presenting a study of the entanglement in the partition atommode 1 under the influence of the mode 2, considered as an external subsystem. Adopting the Negativity as the main measure of the atom-field entanglement, we verify in wich circumstances of the model (time, initial preparations) we achieve the maximum entanglement / Mestrado / Física Atômica e Molecular / Mestre em Física

abstract: Drawn from a trio of manuscripts, this dissertation evaluates the sustainability contributions and implications of deploying underutilized spaces for alternative uses at multiple scales: urban, regional and continental. The first paper considers the use of underutilized spaces at the urban scale for urban agriculture (UA) to meet local sustainability goals in Phoenix, Arizona. Through a data-driven analysis, it demonstrates UA can meet 90% of annual demand for fresh produce, supply local produce in all food deserts, reduce areas underserved by public parks by 60%, and displace >50,000 tons of carbon-dioxide emissions from buildings. The second paper considers marginal agricultural land use for bioenergy crop cultivation to meet future liquid fuels demand from cellulosic biofuels sustainably and profitably. At a wholesale fuel price of $4 gallons-of-gasoline-equivalent, 30 to 90.7 billion gallons of cellulosic biofuels can be supplied by converting 22 to 79.3 million hectares of marginal lands in the Eastern United States (U.S.). Displacing marginal croplands (9.4-13.7 million hectares) reduces stress on water resources by preserving soil moisture. This displacement is comparable to existing land use for first-generation biofuels, limiting food supply impacts. Coupled modeling reveals positive hydroclimate feedback on bioenergy crop yields that moderates the land footprint. The third paper examines the sustainability implications of expanding use of marginal lands for corn cultivation in the Western Corn Belt, a commercially important and environmentally sensitive U.S. region. Corn cultivation on lower quality lands, which tend to overlap with marginal agricultural lands, is shown to be nearly three times more sensitive to changes in crop prices. Therefore, corn cultivation disproportionately expanded into these lands following price spikes. Underutilized spaces can contribute towards sustainability at small and large scales in a complementary fashion. While supplying fresh produce locally and delivering other benefits in terms of energy use and public health, UA can also reduce pressures on croplands and complement non-urban food production. This complementarity can help diversify agricultural land use for meeting other goals, like supplying biofuels. However, understanding the role of market forces and economic linkages is critical to anticipate any unintended consequences due to such re-organization of land use. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geography 2020

abstract: Chemical modification of (semi)conducting surfaces with soft-material coatings containing electrocatalysts provides a strategy for developing integrated constructs that capture, convert, and store solar energy as fuels. However, a lack of effective strategies for interfacing electrocatalysts with solid-state materials, and an incomplete understanding of performance limiting factors, inhibit further development. In this work, chemical modification of a nanostructured transparent conductive oxide, and the III-V semiconductor, gallium phosphide, is achieved by applying a thin-film polymer coating containing appropriate functional groups to direct, template, and assemble molecular cobalt catalysts for activating fuel-forming reactions. The heterogeneous-homogeneous conducting assemblies enable comparisons of the structural and electrochemical properties of these materials with their homogeneous electrocatalytic counterparts. For these hybrid constructs, rational design of the local soft-material environment yields a nearly one-volt span in the redox chemistry of the cobalt metal centers. Further, assessment of the interplay between light absorption, charge transfer, and catalytic activity in studies involving molecular-catalyst-modified semiconductors affords models to describe the rates of photoelectrosynthetic fuel production as a function of the steady-state concentration of catalysts present in their activated form. These models provide a conceptual framework for extracting kinetic and thermodynamic benchmarking parameters. Finally, investigation of molecular ‘proton wires’ inspired by the Tyrosine Z-Histidine 190 redox pair in Photosystem II, provides insight into fundamental principles governing proton-coupled electron transfer, a process essential to all fuel-forming reactions relevant to solar fuel generation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2020

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21568号 / 理博第4475号 / 新制||理||1642(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 青木 慎也, 教授 田中 貴浩, 准教授 髙山 史宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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In the thesis lubrication and wear at metal/HDPE contacts was addressed. In particular this type of contact occurs in artificial joint replacements. Wear of HDPE was recognized as a major factor limiting device performance. In the thesis, fully implicit fully coupled numerical approach was developed to simulate lubrication and wear. Approach allows solving stationary and transient problems for rough surfaces in a wide range of parameters. Wear coefficients were estimated from experimental data. Wear particles formed in wear process were investigated. Particles were found to be approximately 100 nm in diameter and spherical in shape. Considering theoretical solutions, it was concluded that debris may play a role of third-body abrasive wear particles. In the summary section, some discussion was provided on the topic of theoretical modeling of friction and wear and recommendations for future research were formulated.

Die Familie der Adhesion-G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren (aGPCR) stellt die zweitgrößte Gruppe der GPCR dar. Ein strukturelles Charakteristikum der aGPCR ist der modular aufgebaute N-Terminus, welcher eine GPCR-proteolytic site (GPS) mit einem konservierten Spaltungsmotiv enthält. Trotz der hohen medizinischen Relevanz dieser Rezeptorgruppe sind für die meisten der 33 humanen Vertreter der aGPCR bis heute weder Funktion noch endogener Agonist bekannt. Um sie jedoch zukünftig als potentielle Angriffspunkte diagnostisch und therapeutisch nutzen zu können, kommt der umfassenden Charakterisierung der aGPCR hinsichtlich ihrer Aktivierungsmechanismen und Signaltransduktion große Bedeutung zu. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine kurze Peptidsequenz im C-terminalen Bereich des N-Terminus (Stachel-Sequenz genannt) als gebundener Agonist der aGPCR fungiert und G-Protein-vermittelte Signalwege aktiviert. Dazu wurden ortsgerichtete Mutagenesestudien durchgeführt und synthetisierte Peptide analog der Stachel-Sequenz der aGPCR in funktionellen second messenger-Akkumulationsexperimenten getestet. Während die Untersuchungen des Aktivierungsmechanismus an den bereits initial charakterisierten Rezeptoren GPR126 und GPR133 unternommen wurden, konnten 11 weitere aGPCR hinsichtlich ihrer Kopplung an G-Proteine, Expression und ihres autoproteolytischen Spaltungsverhaltens in vitro analysiert werden. Dabei ist herauszustellen, dass alle untersuchten aGPCR an das Gs-Protein koppeln. GPR115, GPR116 und GPR128 zeigten sogar eine multiple Kopplung an Gs-, Gq- und Gi-Proteine. Weiterhin konnte dargelegt werden, dass die Zerstörung hoch konservierter Disulfidbrückenbindungen innerhalb der GPS durch Aminosäuresubstitution in einer konstitutiven Aktivierung des Wildtyp-Rezeptors resultiert.

Thesis advisor: Gabor J. Kalman / Mixtures of charged particles, where the components have different charge numbers (Z_A ), masses (m_A ) and densities (n_A ), with A = 1, 2 denoting the components, occur in Nature in a great variety. To be sure, even the simplest plasmas are necessarily multicomponent systems, consisting of negative and positive charges. This feature is, however, obscured within the centrally important and popular OCP (one component plasma) or jellium models, where the role of one of the components is reduced to providing a neutralizing background. When this background is inert, one is led to the Coulomb OCP model, while when the background is polarizable (such as an electron gas surrounding heavy particles), to a Yukawa OCP (YOCP), with a screened Yukawa potential replacing the Coulomb potential between the dynamically active particles. There are, however situations of physical importance, where the OCP description is inadequate and a genuine two component description of a plasma composed of two species is required. This Thesis focuses on the study of the dynamics of many-body systems consisting of two components of like charges (all the Z_A -s being of the same signature) in a neutralizing background. The methodology is based upon parallel attacks through theoretical analysis and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, the latter yielding the capability of instant verification of the former. The investigation involves the study of the partial (i.e. species by species) structure functions S_AB (k, ω) and current-current correlation functions L_AB (k, ω). The Fluctuation–Dissipation Theorem (FDT) con- nects these quantities to the total and partial response functions χ_AB (k, ω) (matrices in species space), which are instrumental in the description of the collective mode excitations of the system. This analysis has revealed an entirely novel feature: both S_11 (k, ω) and S_22 (k, ω) exhibit very sharp and deep (several orders of magnitude) minima in the strongly coupled liquid phase at robust characteristic frequencies of the system, which are virtually coupling independent. The FDT then demands that these anti-resonances show up as well in the imaginary part of the partial density response function χ_AB (k, ω). Our theoretical analysis, based on the Quasi-Localized Charge Approximation (QLCA), has confirmed that this is indeed the case. These anti-resonant frequencies being related to the dissipative part of the response, require a physical description of the principal source of dissipation. This has been identified as the inter-species momentum transfer, governed by drag between the microscopic current fluctuations of the two species. The description of this effect was incorporatedv in the QLCA formalism, making it possible to derive a closed analytic representation of the fluctuation spectra in the frequency domain of interest and compare them with the results of the MD simulations. Other important novel concepts, such as the idea of coupling dependent effective mass, fast vs. slow sound, the mechanism of tran- sition from short-range to long-range interaction have been identified and analyzed. Furthermore, the investigation of the dynamics has led to the first comprehensive description of the mode structures of classical binary Coulomb and Yukawa mixtures at arbitrary coupling values, which has been a longstanding problem in statistical plasma physics. Focusing on the longitudinal excitations, we describe the transition from weak coupling (where one is acquainted with the RPA result yielding only the single plasmon mode in the Coulomb case or a single acoustic mode in the Yukawa case) to strong coupling, with a doublet of modes that arise from the complex rel- ative motion between the two components, as affected by the interaction with the background. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Physics.