This essay deals with the formulaic nature of court judgments in terms of language rather than content and structure. It focuses on legal collocations and the problems that may arise in translation from Swedish to German. In particular, the introductory formula of Austrian court decisions is discussed in comparison to the Swedish criminal judgment, which the essay is based on. However, other legal collocations are also examined. A qualitative legal linguistic analysis examines how these collocations are translated between two legal systems of two states. Furthermore, the question of which translation options are available and where the sources of errors regarding the translation are, is discussed. At the end a comparison of the collocations of the source text and that of the target text should clarify their similarities or differences. It is expected that there is a tendency that collocation based in the law (e.g. vållande till annans död) cannot be translated literally contrary to ordinary legal collocations (e.g. straffrättsliga ansvar). The former needs a cultural transfer in order to be perceived as equivalent by the reader of the target text.

The construction of the woman exposed to violence and how she is produced in the Swedish judiciary is important to understand the view of men's violence against the woman. How the woman exposed to violence in today's context are produced by the judiciary in relation to political and media discussions are also affecting social work and its practice. The aim of the study is to, with a norm critical perspective, highlight how women represented and assessed in Swedish district court judgments. We want to investigate how the woman exposed to violence in close relationships is produced and judged in Swedish courts. The study is based on a qualitative research effort and a discourse analysis has been made of 12 district court judgments from different district courts in Sweden. Through a thematic analysis, three themes became clear: “the district court's perception of the credibility of women”, “the course of events based on women's perspectives” and “the district court's considerations in assessing the crime breach, coarse women's violence”. The chosen theoretical approach that has been used to create an understanding of our research problem is norm critical perspective and the concept of ideal crime victim. The results gave us the conclusion that in Swedish district courts there are norms about how women exposed to violence should behave.

La présente recherche se réunit quatre questions générales et cruciales : 1) La place de la Convention européenne des Droits de l’Homme en droit Géorgien; 2) La conformité de la législation géorgienne avec la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme; 3) Les relations de la Cour Constitutionnelle de Géorgie et de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme; 4) L’impact des décisions de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme sur la Géorgie. Sur toutes ces questions, contrairement aux Etats de l’Ouest de l’Europe, il existe peu d’information et/ou d’ouvrages sur la Géorgie, ce qui a rendu notre tâche longue et délicate. Il convient en effet de rappeler au lecteur de l’Europe occidental que la Géorgie est un Etat en développement. La Géorgie, située entre la Turquie et la Russie, pendant toute son histoire a été obligée de s’orienter vers une politique de défense. L’histoire de la Géorgie indépendante recommence après la chute de l’URSS en 1991. La Géorgie a adhéré au Conseil de l’Europe en 1999, mais les processus de l’européanisation du droit national commencent à partir 2004. La Convention Européenne des droits de l’Homme est un mécanisme efficace pour la protection des droits de l’Homme et les activités de la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme suscitent un vif intérêt en Géorgie. Cependant, dans des relations juridiques, y compris devant le tribunal, l’application des standards européens des droits de l’Homme n’est pas un objectif en soi. Il faut que les juges, avocats, procureurs et les représentants d’autres professions juridiques garantissent, au cours de leurs activités, le respect des standards des droits de l’Homme existants.Dans le cadre de la présent recherche, on examinera l’influence de la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme sur le Droit Géorgien a partir de la ratification de la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme en 1999, jusqu’au 28 février, 2014 en deux directions : 1. Le statut de la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme dans le Droit Géorgien (PARTIE I) et 2. La Géorgie face à la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme (PARTIE II). / The given research unites four main questions: 1. Place of European Convention on Human Rights in Georgian Law. 2. Conformity of Georgian legislation with the European Convention on Human Rights. 3. Conformity of Constitutional Law judgments with the standards established by the European Court of Human Rights. 4. Judgments of European Court of Human Rights against Georgia.In connection to all these questions there is very little information and work in Georgia, which has made us study them better – on the ground of actuality of the given questions. We’ve considered discussing to the West European reader that Georgia is a developed country. It is located between Turkey and Russia, during its whole history it had to be orientated on the self-defense policy. History of Independent Georgia starts in 1991 by destruction of the Soviet Union. In 1999 Georgia became a member of the European Union, but National Law in Georgia and Europeanization process of State Institutions started in 2004. Human Rights European Convention represents an effective standard of Human Rights, accordingly activities of European Court of Human Rights causes great interest in Georgia. Despite all these in the legal circles, between them use of Human Rights European standards have become obligatory in the courts. It is needed that the judges, advocates, procurators and representatives of other legal professions have to actively use the existed standards of Human Rights Protection. In the framework of the given research we will investigate influence of European Convention on Human Rights with Georgian Law and starting from ratification of European Convention by Georgia – since 1999 – till February 28, 2014 included in two directions: 1. Place of Human Rights European Convention in Georgian Law (part I) and 2. Georgia against European Court of Human Rights (part II).