abstract: Despite the vast research on language carried out by the generative linguistics of Noam Chomsky and his followers since the 1950s, for theoretical reasons (mainly their attention to the mental abstraction of language structure rather than language as a performed product), historical linguistics from the start lay outside their research interest. This study is an attempt to bridge the gap between the formalism and theoretical constructs introduced by generative grammar, whose ultimate goal is to provide not only a description but also an explanation to linguistic phenomena, and historical linguistics, which studies the evolution of language over time. This main objective is met by providing a formal account of the changes hwæðer undergoes throughout the Old English (OE) period. This seemingly inconspicuous word presents itself as a case of particular investigative interest in that it reflects the different stages proclaimed by the theoretical assumptions implemented in the study, namely the economy principles responsible for what has become known as the CP cycle: the Head Preference Principle and the Late Merge Principle, whereby pronominal hwæðer would raise to the specifier position for topicalization purposes, then after frequent use in that position, it would be base-generated there under Late Merge, until later reanalysis as the head of the Complementizer Phrase (CP) under Head Preference. Thus, I set out to classify the diverse functions of OE hwæðer by identifying and analyzing all instances as recorded in the diachronic part of the Helsinki Corpus. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data have rendered the following results: 1) a fully satisfactory functional and chronological classification has been obtained by analyzing the data under investigation following a formal theoretical approach; and 2) a step-by-step historical analysis proves to be indispensable for understanding how language works at the abstract level from a historical point of view. This project is part of a growing body of research on language change which attempts to describe and explain the evolution of certain words as these change in form and function. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2013

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The hadronic decay D0 → KS pi+ pi- provides direct access to the measurement of the mixing parameters of the neutral charm meson system and allows to test for indirect CP violation. Mixing is a time-dependent phenomenon for which the time evolution of the transition amplitude of a D0 (anti-D0) decay to the final state KS pi+ pi- has to be considered. The parameters driving those time-dependent oscillations are x and y, depending on the masses and widths of the physical eigenstates. The CP violation parameters |q/p| and phi describe the superposition of the flavour eigenstates D0 and anti-D0 and of the physical eigenstates D1 and D2. By measuring the time- and phase-space dependent distribution of D0 → KS pi+ pi- decays, the mixing parameters can be extracted and a search for indirect CP violation can be performed. This thesis reports a measurement of the mixing parameters and the preparations of a measurement of the CP violation parameters on data collected with the LHCb experiment in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3/fb. The D0 and anti-D0 mesons are required to originate from a semileptonic decay of a B meson. The parameters of interest are extracted from a fit in D0 decay time and the Dalitz variables. The phase-space distribution of D0 → KS pi+ pi- decays is modelled by expressing the three-body decay as a succession of two-body decays. The decay amplitude of a D0 or anti-D0 meson into KS pi+ pi- final state is a superposition of all possible intermediate resonances and the single resonances interfere with each other across the phase-space.

According to the Big Bang Theory, matter and antimatter were produced in equal amounts at the beginning. Over time the antimatter disappeared, leaving galactic struc- tures composed only of matter. Therefore, there is some process in nature that proceeds at different rates for matter and antimatter due to the violation of the CP symmetry. CP violation has been observed in strange and bottom quark meson decays. However, a direct CP violation is predicted in the τ lepton sector. Specifically, the charge asymmetry due to CP violation in the decay τ − → π−K0S (≥ 0π0) ντ is predicted to be (+0.33 ± 0.01)%. In this work the charge asymmetry of the decay τ − → π−K0S (≥ 0π0) ντ is measured using a dataset of 437 million τ lepton pairs collected by the BABAR experiment at the SLAC Na- tional Accelerator Laboratory. The charge asymmetry induced by CP violation is found to be A = (−0.45 ± 0.24 ± 0.11) %, consistent with prediction. / Graduate

We investigate several problems in relativity and particle physics where symmetries play a central role; in all cases geometric properties of Lie groups and their quotients are related to physical effects. The first part is concerned with symmetries in gravity. We apply the theory of Lie group deformations to isometry groups of exact solutions in general relativity, relating the algebraic properties of these groups to physical properties of the spacetimes. We then make group deformation local, generalising deformed special relativity (DSR) by describing gravity as a gauge theory of the de Sitter group. We find that in our construction Minkowski space has a connection with torsion; physical effects of torsion seem to rule out the proposed framework as a viable theory. A third chapter discusses a formulation of gravity as a topological BF theory with added linear constraints that reduce the symmetries of the topological theory to those of general relativity. We discretise our constructions and compare to a similar construction by Plebanski which uses quadratic constraints. In the second part we study CP violation in the electroweak sector of the standard model and certain extensions of it. We quantify fine-tuning in the observed magnitude of CP violation by determining a natural measure on the space of CKM matrices, a double quotient of SU(3), introducing different possible choices and comparing their predictions for CP violation. While one generically faces a fine-tuning problem, in the standard model the problem is removed by a measure that incorporates the observed quark masses, which suggests a close relation between a mass hierarchy and suppression of CP violation. Going beyond the standard model by adding a left-right symmetry spoils the result, leaving us to conclude that such additional symmetries appear less natural.

Orientador: Ricardo D'Elia Matheus / Banca: Oscar José Pinto Eboli / Banca: Rogério Rosenfeld / Resumo: Consideramos o decaimento do Higgs violando sabor leptônico h→ 'tau' 'mü' no contexto de teorias efetivas. O CMS divulgou recentemente um excesso de eventos de 2,5 'sigma' neste canal. O operador responsável por este processo, no entanto, está em muitos casos correlacionado com operadores de dipolo, que já têm fortes restrições experimentais. Exploramos então em que casos é possível de se obter um operador de violação de sabor grande o suficiente para ser visto em decaimentos do Higgs no LHC, porém ainda respeitando os limites encontrados em decaimentos radiativos de léptons. Apresentamos também dois modelos, um do tipo Higgs Composto e outro do tipo Higgs Portal, mostrando como o processo h→ 'tau' 'mü' surge em cada um deles. Caso o sinal do CMS seja confirmado, o segundo modelo será favorecido, enquanto é improvável que o primeiro consiga o explicar / Abstract: We consider the Higgs Lepton Flavor Violating decay h→ 'tau' 'mü' in the framework of effective theories, on which CMS reported a 2.5 σ excess of events. The operator that is responsible for this process, however, is in many models correlated to dipole operators that are already under stringent experimental constraints. We then explore in which cases it is possible to obtain a flavor violating operator that is big enough to be seen in Higgs decays at the LHC, while still respecting the leptonic radiative decay bounds. We also present two models, a simplified Composite Higgs model and a Higgs Portal model, showing how the process h→ 'tau' 'mü' is generated in each of them. We find that if the CMS signal is confirmed, the second model is favored, while it is unlikely that the first model will be able to explain it / Mestre

The advancement in solar panel and battery technology makes them useful for energy supply and storage. This thesis involves the modeling and charging control of a lithium ion battery system for solar panels. The proposed model is based on the parameters and characteristics of a realistic battery and solar panel system; and the hybrid control approach combines the advantages of the adaptive incremental conductance method and the perturb and observe method to track the maximum power point of the solar panel for charging the battery unit. Computer simulation results demonstrate that this proposed approach offers a faster convergence rate than the adaptive incremental conductance method, and less steady-state error than the perturb and observe method.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18063号 / 理博第3941号 / 新制||理||1568(附属図書館) / 30921 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 中家 剛, 准教授 市川 温子, 教授 鶴 剛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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