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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo9026_1.pdf: 1265625 bytes, checksum: b302e5d38041784ee7a083236c70a4cc (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / A literatura existente sobre coletores concentradores parabólicos compostos (CPC) é numericamente considerável, entretanto isto não ocorre com as publicações a respeito dos CPC com absorvedor V invertido completamente iluminado, no que se refere às propriedades óticas, geométricas e energia térmica gerada. Este tipo de concentrador solar existe no mercado internacional, porém não se tem conhecimento das divulgações dessas propriedades, talvez por motivo de proteção industrial. No presente trabalho são deduzidas as equações que definem a curva da cavidade concentradora e suas propriedades óticas e geométricas são estudadas em detalhe, por um programa de simulação numérica elaborado em linguagem MATLAB. Adicionalmente, foram feitos estudos de otimização sobre a viabilidade da construção deste coletor, os quais relacionam os efeitos do truncamento (eliminação da parte superior da cavidade) com as propriedades geométricas, óticas e a energia anual gerada pelo equipamento. Para CPC com absorvedor V invertido completamente iluminado e ideal (sem truncamento) conclui-se que, na configuração em que o seu ângulo de aceitação é igual ao ângulo do vértice do absorvedor, ocorre um mínimo no perímetro da cavidade refletora quando se consideram a concentração nominal e o tamanho do absorvedor constantes. Em relação aos coletores CPC com absorvedor V invertido, completamente iluminado e com truncamento, a otimização mostrou que para um concentrador com relação de concentração 1,2, como exemplo, as relações ótimas de comprimento da superfície refletora e abertura, número médio de reflexões e energia térmica gerada ocorrem para concentradores oriundos de ângulos de aceitação variando de 33,75 a 45,58 graus

The ultimate goal of mitosis is the equal distribution of chromosomes between the two daughter cells. One of the key players that ensures faithful chromosome segregation is the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). CPC localisation to mitotic centromeres is complex, involving interactions with Shugoshin and binding to phosphorylated histone H3T3. It was recently reported that Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) has a positive impact on CPC function during mitosis. The interaction between HP1 and the CPC appears to be perturbed in cancer-­‐derived cell lines, resulting in decreased HP1 levels at mitotic centromeres and may be a potential cause for increased chromosome mis-­‐segregation rates. In this study, I tethered HP1α to centromeres via the DNA-­‐binding domain CENP-­‐B. However, instead of improving the rate of chromosome mis-­‐segregation, HP1α tethering resulted in activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint and destabilisation of kinetochore-­‐microtubule attachments, most likely caused by the robust recruitment of the CPC. Tethered HP1α even traps the CPC at centromeres during mitotic exit, resulting in a catalytically active CPC throughout interphase. However, it was not clear whether endogenous HP1 contributes to CPC localisation and function prior to mitosis. Here I also describe a substantial interaction between endogenous HP1 and the CPC during the G2 stage of the cell cycle. The two isoforms HP1α and HP1γ contribute to the clustering of the CPC into active foci in G2 cells, a process that is independent of CDK1 kinase activity. Furthermore, the H3S10ph focus formation in the G2 phase appears to be independent of H3T3ph and H2AT120ph, the two histone marks that determine the CPC localisation in early mitosis. Together, my results indicate that HP1 contributes to CPC concentration and activation at pericentromeric heterochromatin in G2. This novel mode of CPC localisation occurs before the Aurora B-­‐driven methyl/phos switch releases HP1 from chromatin, which possibly enables the H3T3ph and H2AT120ph driven localisation of the CPC during mitosis.

There is increasing interest in the commericalization of native fruits for utilization as foods and medicinal extracts. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical properties and phenolic composition of selected Saskatchewan native fruits, including buffaloberry (<i>Shepherdia argentea</i> Nutt.), chokecherry (<i>Prunus virginiana</i> L.) and sea buckthorn (<i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> L.). The physicochemical analyses included carbohydrate content, CIELAB colour values, organic acid composition, phenolic content, % seed, soluble solids, pH, total solids, total titratable acidity and proximate composition. Fruit samples were collected and analyzed over four crop years. The proanthocyanidin content was also determined photometrically after acid depolymerization in acid-butanol. Buffaloberry contained a proanthocyanidin concentration of 505 ± 32 mg/100 g fresh fruit and this level was 10 fold higher than that of chokecherry and sea buckthorn. Chokecherry was found to contain an anthocyanin concentration of 255 ± 35 mg/100 g fresh fruit, as determined using the pH differential method. Two high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for simultaneous determination of seven phenolic classes, including anthocyanins, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavanones, flavones and flavonols in aqueous methanol extracts. Based on the semi-quantitative analysis of the total phenolic chromatographic index (TPCI), chokecherry contained the highest levels of phenolic compounds with a concentration of 3,327 ± 469 µg/g fresh fruit followed by buffaloberry (578 ± 73 µg/g fresh fruit) and sea buckthorn (477 ± µg/g fresh fruit). The antioxdant activity of the fruit extracts was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2´-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Buffaloberry and chokecherry produced the highest radical scavenging activity and were at least five fold greater than that of sea buckthorn. The major radical scavenging compounds in buffaloberry were ascorbic acid and proanthocyanidins. Radical scavenging activity of chokecherry fruit was largely attributable to its anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids. Prominent antioxidants in sea buckthorn included ascorbic acid, proanthocyanidins and flavonols. Certain individual compounds in the phenolic extracts were identified by HPLC-photodiode array and HPLC-mass spectrometry. Rutin was found in all of the extracts. Other phenolic compounds identified included catechin in sea buckthorn, and chlorogenic acid and quercetin in chokecherry. The chokecherry fruit pigments were comprised of two major anthocyanins and these were identified as cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside. A preparative scale purification method for these anthocyanins using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was determined. Under the CPC conditions employed, cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside were purified to concentrations of 84 and 90%, respectively.

There is increasing interest in the commericalization of native fruits for utilization as foods and medicinal extracts. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical properties and phenolic composition of selected Saskatchewan native fruits, including buffaloberry (<i>Shepherdia argentea</i> Nutt.), chokecherry (<i>Prunus virginiana</i> L.) and sea buckthorn (<i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> L.). The physicochemical analyses included carbohydrate content, CIELAB colour values, organic acid composition, phenolic content, % seed, soluble solids, pH, total solids, total titratable acidity and proximate composition. Fruit samples were collected and analyzed over four crop years. The proanthocyanidin content was also determined photometrically after acid depolymerization in acid-butanol. Buffaloberry contained a proanthocyanidin concentration of 505 ± 32 mg/100 g fresh fruit and this level was 10 fold higher than that of chokecherry and sea buckthorn. Chokecherry was found to contain an anthocyanin concentration of 255 ± 35 mg/100 g fresh fruit, as determined using the pH differential method. Two high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for simultaneous determination of seven phenolic classes, including anthocyanins, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavanones, flavones and flavonols in aqueous methanol extracts. Based on the semi-quantitative analysis of the total phenolic chromatographic index (TPCI), chokecherry contained the highest levels of phenolic compounds with a concentration of 3,327 ± 469 µg/g fresh fruit followed by buffaloberry (578 ± 73 µg/g fresh fruit) and sea buckthorn (477 ± µg/g fresh fruit). The antioxdant activity of the fruit extracts was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2´-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Buffaloberry and chokecherry produced the highest radical scavenging activity and were at least five fold greater than that of sea buckthorn. The major radical scavenging compounds in buffaloberry were ascorbic acid and proanthocyanidins. Radical scavenging activity of chokecherry fruit was largely attributable to its anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids. Prominent antioxidants in sea buckthorn included ascorbic acid, proanthocyanidins and flavonols. Certain individual compounds in the phenolic extracts were identified by HPLC-photodiode array and HPLC-mass spectrometry. Rutin was found in all of the extracts. Other phenolic compounds identified included catechin in sea buckthorn, and chlorogenic acid and quercetin in chokecherry. The chokecherry fruit pigments were comprised of two major anthocyanins and these were identified as cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside. A preparative scale purification method for these anthocyanins using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was determined. Under the CPC conditions employed, cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside were purified to concentrations of 84 and 90%, respectively.

15 years has passed since the term ¡§e-learning¡¨ was initially proposed by noted American e-learning specialist, Jay Cross in 1998. With rapid transition in science and technology, e-learning has vigorously developed both in Taiwan and abroad and continuously innovated in applied area. Public sector, private enterprises or academy have invested enormous resources in developing e-learning, aiming to strengthen the power of e-learning and its unique characteristic which enable learners to access to the learning materials they need without limits of time, place and district, meaning anytime and anywhere. Through e-learning, the enterprises can comprehensively divert the professional technique and knowledge inside employees¡¦ mind into enterprises¡¦ property, in order to achieve goal of sustainably preserving valuable knowledge and accordingly enhance enterprises¡¦ competitiveness. Even when over half of large enterprises have utilized e-learning system, many obstacles still exist in the process of introducing it. According to ¡§Up-dated Survey and Analysis on Key Industries that Introduce E-learning¡¨ made by Industrial Bureau of Ministry of Economic Affairs in 2006, the major learning obstacles and difficulties emerge from certain factors, including employees¡¦ low acceptance (27.9%), unable to evaluate training and learning results (26.2%), insufficient digitalization in the company (24.5%), lack of budgets (23%) and lack of long-term program on introducing the system (20.5%) and etc. All these factors indicate no guarantee of enterprises¡¦ success on this matter. This research utilizes case-study as research method, interviewing significantly large scale enterprise, the CPC Corporation Taiwan as to find out what practical measures it took and process it went through to introduce e-learning system and maintain development. The research results demonstrate that: 1.Positive outcomes result from enterprises which introduce e-learning to preserve professional technique and knowledge inside the company and provide multi-learning ways for employees. 2.At the beginning of introducing e-learning, the keys to develop e-learning are acquiring internal top-down supports, planning and implementing the project by specific unit, and welcoming various resources to form learning culture in the enterprises. 3.Only if the enterprises emphasize on internal personnel training, overcoming environmental factors that hinder e-learning development, regularly reviewing position and status of e-learning in enterprises, and programming future direction and strategies, can the enterprises continuously develop e-learning.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T11:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_5706_Dissertação Pedro Virgolino.pdf: 1459395 bytes, checksum: 6ed36d33d0faea26c167ce5788c6b4ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-15 / O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar os poderes conferidos ao relator pelo art. 557 do CPC e a compatibilidade desse dispositivo infraconstitucional com os princípios e garantias contidos na Carta de 1988. E também verificar se de fato essa norma é capaz de conferir a celeridade pretendida pelo legislador. Foram traçados os contornos do princípio do julgamento colegiado nos tribunais e o efeito que esse princípio produz na interpretação da regra de competência definida no art. 557. São definidas todas as hipóteses de julgamento unipessoal previstas no ar. 557 do CPC e os limites da atuação do relator. Tratou-se do cabimento de agravo interno contra a decisão do relator, o procedimento de julgamento desse recurso e a aplicabilidade da multa prevista no §2º desse artigo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio do levantamento do vasto material doutrinário produzido sobre o art. 557 e dos precedentes judiciais a respeito dessa matéria. Foi realizada pesquisa empírica, por meio de amostragem, das decisões do relator proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Espírito Santo no julgamento de recurso de apelação. Como resultado, foi possível detectar que o art. 557 não necessariamente representa técnica apta a acelerar o processo. Também foi constatado em diversos casos que o relator decidiu sem observar rigorosamente os limites do art. 557.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:34:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1051_1.pdf: 880017 bytes, checksum: 4a6fd559aad4d2b4fa1ce456293fc517 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a eficácia das normas contábeis, bem como verificar a sua evolução nas notas explicativas de 27 Bancos listados na BMF/Bovespa. Foi feita uma análise comparativa do setor financeiro das empresas listadas na Bolsa de Londres, buscando identificar quais normas são mais utilizadas nesse setor. Levantaram-se apenas as normas do setor e foi, por meio daquela análise, elaborado um formulário com os itens de evidenciação exigidos por tais normas. Depois, aplicou-se aos 27 Bancos listados na BMF/Bovespa, percebendo quais itens foram cumpridos em suas notas explicativas nos anos de 2008 e 2009, no sentido de constatar a existência de um crescimento no emprego dos itens de evidenciação contábil determinados pelos CPCs escolhidos para este trabalho, e, consequentemente, um aumento na eficácia normativa contábil. Foi constatado que houve uma maior aplicação dos itens de evidenciação exigidos pelos CPCs, uma vez que os Bancos evidenciaram entre 7% e 13% a mais de um ano para o outro. Houve um aumento na variação da evidenciação média (&#916;) de 4,54, com um aumento significativo de 19 itens para 24 itens, aproximadamente. A evolução normativa contábil de um ano para o outro é considerável, porque o aumento dos itens normativos no conjunto subiu para 118 itens, em 2008 foi de 497 e de 615 em 2009. A abordagem metodológica consistiu na análise de conteúdo, com tipologia descritiva, de caráter bibliográfico. Nestes termos, a pesquisa mostrou como a evidenciação contábil está ligada à eficácia normativa contábil

Under the influence of Soviet media theory, Chinese media have been held under the control of the Communist Party of China ever since the Party was established in 1921. However, this practice of control was subject to change as a result of rapid economic development and many social changes brought about by economic reform after 1978. This thesis explores the current situation of media control in China. Although the mass media in China began to enjoy more autonomy and diversity after the nation adopted its policies of reform and opening up to the outside world, given that political reform did not keep pace with economic reform, this study hypothesizes that the degree of government control varied according to the nature of the issues involved. It is expected that there would be tighter government control over the media in reporting political issues than reporting economic and social issues. The result of these case studies confirmed the original hypothesis. This study demonstrates that the relaxation of media control only happened in the non-political sphere. For those issues with political implications, there remained tight government control. In other words, the media are still used as instruments for political and social control in current day China. This study also explores the detailed approaches adopted by the government in controlling media content, management and operation. Furthermore, based on the study of both the historical development and the current situation of media control in China, this research points out the possible future developments for media control in China. / Master of Arts

Les stilbénoïdes, sont des composés phénoliques majoritairement issus du règne végétal. La Vigne par l’intermédiaire du vin et du raisin est la principale source alimentaire de stilbènes. La mise en évidence de leur rôle dans les mécanismes de défense des plantes et leurs activités biologiques, y compris sur l’Homme, en font un sujet d’étude en plein essor. L’un des objectifs de cette thèse a été de développer un ensemble de stratégies à la fois analytiques et préparatives utilisant la Chromatographie de Partage Centrifuge (CPC) pour l’étude et l’obtention de ces molécules. Dans un premier temps, nous avons développé une approche de couplage entre cette technique et un spectromètre à Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) par l’intermédiaire d’un système d’Extraction sur Phase Solide automatisé (EPS). Dans un second temps, nous avons mis au point un ensemble de méthodes et d’approches séparatives permettant d’obtenir ces composés. Nous avons, grâce au développement d’une méthodologie de dosage de solvants par spectrométrie RMN, étudié une gamme dérivée d’une gamme très utilisée en CPC, l’ARIZONA. Nous avons montré que ces systèmes dérivés, peuvent être utilisés au travers de stratégies d’élution telles que des pas et des gradients afin d’optimiser les séparations. L’une des finalités de notre travail est d’offrir des méthodes permettant d’obtenir ces composés dans des quantités et des qualités suffisantes pour pouvoir constituer une chimiothèque interne au laboratoire pouvant prétendre à s’intégrer dans la Chimiothèque Nationale. Une dernière partie fait état du développement d’outils informatiques, dont la création d’une base de donnée Libre pour les chercheurs en Substances Naturelles. / Stilbenoids are phenolic compounds mostly found in the vegetable kingdom. Vine through wine and grape is the main source of stilbenes in the human diet. The involvement of these compounds in plants resistance mechanisms and their diverse biological activities, including on the human health are continuously highlighted. Making this topic a fast-growing one. One of the objectives of this thesis has been to develop a whole set of analytical and preparative strategies using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) in order to study and obtain these molecules. Over a first phase, we developed a hyphenated approach between this technique and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) through an automated Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) system. Then, we developed a set of separative methods and approaches with the aim of obtaining these compounds. Then, we carried out the development of a solvent quantifications methodology using NMR spectrometry. This allowed us to study a spin-off scale of a widely-used solvent systems collection called ARIZONA. We showed that these systems are good candidates for different elution strategies using steps and gradients with the aim to optimize separations. One of our purpose was to provide methods for effective and efficient purification of these compounds. This would allow, together with a lab-scale compounds library, their integration into the Chimiothèque Nationale, a nationwide chemical library. Last part accounts for computer tools development, including the creation of a Free database system for Natural Substances researcher.