I tidigare studier har det framkommit att amerikanska företag manipulerar sina finansiella räkenskaper inför en nyemission med hjälp av Earnings Management genom oförklarliga periodiseringar. Detta görs i syfte att reflektera en bättre bild av företagets finansiella ställning gentemot hur det i verkligheten ser ut. Företeelsen tillämpas med avsikt att erhålla ett större finansiellt riskkapital då företaget utfärdar nyemission. Denna studie undersöker om svenska företag agerar likt amerikanska företag vid en nyemission och därför är syftet i studien att undersöka om svenska företag tillämpar Earnings Management genom oförklarliga periodiseringar vid perioden då de utfärdar nyemission. Svenska företag har varit av intresse i följande studie då svenska företag verkar under ett annorlunda redovisnings- och skattesystem än amerikanska företag gör, varpå vi vill testa om teorin Earnings Management genom oförklarliga periodiseringar är tillämpbar på även svenska företag, trots de skillnader som föreligger mellan ländernas lagsystem. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av en kvantitativ metod som vi presenterat med hjälp av en deskriptiv statistisk analys. De resultat som framkommit i studien är att även svenska, såväl som amerikanska, företag tillämpar Earnings Management genom oförklarliga periodiseringar vid de kvartal då ska utfärda nyemission, trots de olikheter i redovisnings- och skattesystem som råder länderna emellan. Förutom detta visar studien på att svenska företag även tillämpar en extrem form av Earnings Management samt att olika branscher tillämpar Earnings Management genom oförklarliga periodiseringar i olika grad då de ska utfärda nyemission. De resultat som framkommer i följande studie visar att det är av stor betydelse att investerare har en medvetenhet om att Earnings Management genom oförklarliga periodiseringar förekommer när svenska företag ska utfärda nyemission. Detta är av vikt då tidigare studier har påvisat att många investerare som förvärvat aktier i företagen som tillämpat Earnings Management genom oförklarliga periodiseringar har känt en besvikelse samt upplevt att de blivit missledda av företagens publicerade finansiella rapporter efter nyemissionen. Besvikelsen grundar sig i att det rapporterade resultatet vanligtvis kraftigt sjunker kvartalen efter nyemission då företagen tillämpat Earnings management genom oförklarliga periodiseringar. / In previous studies, it has been found that US companies manipulate their financial statements before issuing Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEO) using Accrual-based Earnings Management. This is done by the company in order to reflect a better financial position compared to their true underlying financial performance. Accrual-based Earnings Management is applied with the intention of obtaining larger financial capital when issuing SEOs. This study examines whether Swedish companies, consistent with US companies, apply the phenomenon in a similar way while issuing SEOs and the purpose of our study is therefore to investigate whether Swedish companies apply Accrual-based Earnings Management in the period they issue SEOs. Swedish companies have been of interest in the following study, as Swedish companies operate under a different accounting and tax law compared to that of American companies. As a result, we want to test the theory of Accrual-based Earnings Management to see if it is applicable to Swedish companies, despite the differences in tax law that exists between the countries. The study has been conducted using a quantitative methodology which has been presented through a descriptive statistical analysis. Our results imply that Swedish- as well as American companies, apply Accrual-based Earnings Management in the period they issue SEOs. This is found despite differences in accounting and tax law between the two countries. In addition to this, the study also shows that Swedish companies apply an extreme form of Accrual-based Earnings Management, and that it exist industrial differences in the level of Accrual-based Earnings Management that is applied when issuing SEOs. The results found in the following study show that it is of the utmost importance that investors have an awareness regarding Accrual-based Earnings Management and that it occurs when Swedish companies issue a SEO. This is important as previous studies have shown that many investors who acquired shares in the companies who applied Accrual-based Earnings Management when issuing SEOs, have felt disappointed and have found that they have been misled by the companies published financial reports following the SEO. The disappointment is based on the fact that as companies apply Accrual-based Earnings Management, the companies reported earnings usually fall in the period after issuing a SEO.

The aim of my diploma thesis was the application of the selected method of identifying accounting fraud in setting of chosen company. In the first part of this work were used methods based on the comparison of data chosen company with the data of competitive companies in the same industry or with the data of industry. I compare the return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), Daily income and balance of accounts receivable, profit margin. In the next part of this work were used special methods to identify accounting fraud. I used methods Beneish M-score model, cash realization ratio, Jones nondiscretionary accruals. As an additional analysis, I used the bankruptcy Altman Z-score model. In conclusion, I compared the risks identified possible manipulation of financial statements for all tests and analyzes. All performed tests and analyzes in aggregate have identified this risk as low. Yet some of them pointed to further more detailed research in revenues, margins and setting transfer prices.

Financial accounting is a deep source of information, which should offer true data about the company. Accounting has a lot of forms and one of them {--} the creative accounting {--} is the topic of this diploma thesis. The term ``creative accounting{\crqq} means falsification of financial and audit reports about company{\crq}s real situation and offering the fictitious ones. The possible way to regulate ``the creative accounting{\crqq} is the process of accounting harmonization. Within this process, there is an effort to create a uniform, comprehensive system which will be clear to everyone and which can offer true image of the accounting. The aim of this work is to estimate the Czech accounting legislation (ČÚL) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) at situations, allowing ``the creative accounting{\crqq}, which will lead to the conclusion how can the different bookkeeping influent the range of economic result.

This thesis deals with the creative accounting in the selected business corporation. First, the theoretical background is defined, followed by an analysis of the selected accounting cases for the year 2016, where creative accounting methods were used. All the creative accounting cases are then redesigned so that they do not include these practices. New earnings are therefore calculated as well as the new value added tax rate that the company should have properly deducted.