The purpose of this research was to identify the impact of process changes that have been made to the Child Development Associate (CDA) credential, which is a beginning early childhood teacher credential that focuses on competency based standards widely seen as necessary for early childhood teachers to possess. The process in which early childhood teachers receive their credential changed in 2013 with the implementation of CDA credential 2.0. Changes included taking a computerized exam and the implementation of a professional development specialist conducting an on-site classroom observation. In order to determine the impact that CDA 2.0 had on teacher credentialing success rates, a mixed-method sequential design was employed. First, existing data sets of success rates from a national scholarship program were reviewed. Following, interviews with CDA credential seekers were conducted. Findings revealed that while candidate success rates increased for those receiving CDA credentials under the 2.0 system, the actual number of candidates receiving scholarships to pursue the CDA credential through the national scholarship program decreased. Qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews indicated that three areas that impacted CDA 2.0 candidate success rates were the professional education programs and instructors, the CDA Exam, and Professional Development Specialists. This is the first research study to examine the CDA credential process. The findings demonstrate that the 2.0 system provides candidates with necessary supports to be successful. A significant question arising out of the data is how a determination is made to issue a credential. Before QRIS and public policy initiatives employ more efforts to professionalize the field of early childhood – primarily through the CDA credential – the process by which one obtains a credential should be more thoroughly examined.

This study focuses on the impact of the 2003 changes in the California Preliminary Administrative Services credential on programs of educational administration in institutions of higher education. Through five case studies of educational administration programs in institutions of higher education, several themes emerged: department chair K–12 background may predict early adoption; faculty are confused about the credential requirements; full- rather than part-time professors design programs; new competitors have already challenged enrollments; ambiguous policy creates compliance uncertainty; integration of technology in educational administration programs is limited; communication among stakeholders is weak; the culture of educational administration programs is different from other parts of the academy; the early adopter is more knowledgeable about the requirements, has purposeful collaboration, requisitions sufficient resources for change, uses many forms of communication, enthusiastically embraces new ideas, and reduces bureaucratic barriers to change. Early, middle and later models of program adoption emerged from the data. The final chapter of the research explores ways to minimize ambiguity and maximize program compliance. A new model of implementation of 2003 standards is presented, which uses early adopters as an example and existing professional organizations as disseminators of promising practices.

The main focus of this thesis is applied research targeting industrial applications of Usage Control (UCON) and policy-based governance. Nonetheless, we also tackle an associated core problem to address the diverse requirements of the targeted application domains. The core research problem is three-fold. (1) UCON enacts usage control in a fixed life cycle of three temporal phases: pre, ongoing and post. However, emerging security paradigms require custom and finer-grained lifecycles with phases and transitions tailored for the application domain. For example, data hub applications entail data-oriented usage control throughout the different stages of the data lifecycle (e.g., collection, retention, processing and destruction). Therefore, policy systems must enable custom lifecycles to accommodate a wide variety of applications. (2) Although UCON allows attribute values to change and updates usage decisions accordingly, it does not specify a mechanism to govern attribute values. This becomes necessary in decentralised environments where attributes are collected from external parties that are not necessarily trusted. For this reason, policy systems must incorporate a mechanism to govern attributes, prepare them for policy evaluation and ensure their trustworthiness. (3) Due to its widespread adoption, UCON has been extended and adapted for diverse purposes, leading to a proliferation of frameworks. While these variations added significant contributions in their respective fields, they lack comprehensiveness and generality. Therefore, a unified solution is needed to encompass the existing variations of UCON as well as future applications. By addressing these core problems, we aim to leverage policy-based governance in the following four industrial applications: (1) Industrial/International Data Spaces (IDS), (2) data hubs, (3) smart vehicles, and (4) credential transformation.To address these challenges and fulfil our applied research goals, we present six contributions in this thesis. (1) We propose UCON+: an extensible model that extends beyond traditional access and usage control providing a comprehensive framework for policy-based governance. UCON+ builds on the same foundations of UCON, making it an attribute-based model that incorporates continuous monitoring and policy re-evaluation. However, it only defines general structures and common functions, and outlines extensible behaviour to be implemented by concrete extensions. Specifically, UCON+ allows concrete extensions to govern attribute values and updates, and to specify custom lifecycles tailored for their respective requirements. (2) We introduce a general-purpose policy engine that implements the UCON+ model. The engine conserves an Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) baseline using a standard policy language. The policy engine also introduces another type of policies used to govern attribute values, and to define and drive custom lifecycles. Thus, different extensions of UCON+ can be realised within the same policy engine using policies, eliminating the need for reimplementation. The policy engine leverages a modular architecture with an optimised implementation. (3) We demonstrate the use of the policy engine in a cloud service that provides an IDS for contract-based data exchange. We specifically used the policy engine and designed a custom lifecycle to govern and drive the contract negotiation between the data provider and data consumer using policies. We also used the policy engine to govern data usage based on the negotiated data sharing agreement. (4) We also showcase the policy engine in a data hub setting, where we leveraged it to track and govern data objects throughout their lifecycles. We designed a lifecycle that captures the different stages of the data lifecycle based on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We show how data usage is controlled at each stage of the lifecycle using policies. (5) We present a dynamic identity management and usage control framework for smart vehicles using the policy engine. We specifically introduce a policy-based Security Token Service (STS) that issues contextualised capabilities that specify what subjects are allowed to do within the vehicle. The STS also manages the capabilities throughout their lifecycles and revokes them if the corresponding policies are violated, while also taking safety measures into consideration. (6) Finally, we describe an application of the policy engine for policy-based credential transformation. Specifically, we introduce a policy-based credential bridge that exchanges, aggregates or maps credentials between different domains or regulatory frameworks. The bridge uses policies that specify how to transform or issue credentials according to the requirements of each domain.

This study has examined the main causes of high unemployment among foreign-born individuals by interviewing professionals within the field of practical social work. We have interviewed six supervisors within the labor market initiative Rusta & Matcha, an intervention for unemployed individuals carried out by private companies on behalf of the Swedish Public Employment Service. The results point to two main categories of causes for the high unemployment among foreign-born individuals: individual and structural/external factors. Individual factors include lack of language skills, low level of education, and limited work experience. Structural reasons include issues with validation and recognition of foreign qualifications, ethnic discrimination in the labor market, limited social networks, and cultural differences. Additionally, the results highlight how these causes affect different groups of foreign-born individuals. / Denna studie har undersökt de huvudsakliga orsakerna till den höga arbetslösheten bland utrikesfödda genom att intervjua professionella inom det praktiska sociala arbetet. Vi har intervjuat sex handledare inom arbetsmarknadspolitiska insatsen Rusta & Matcha, en åtgärd för arbetslösa utförd av privata företag på uppdrag av Arbetsförmedlingen. Resultaten pekar på två huvudkategorier av orsaker till den höga arbetslösheten bland utrikesfödda: individuella och strukturella/externa faktorer. Individuella faktorer inkluderar bristande språkkunskaper, låg utbildningsnivå och begränsad arbetslivserfarenhet. Strukturella orsaker omfattar problem med validering och värdering av utländska utbildningar, etnisk diskriminering på arbetsmarknaden, begränsade sociala nätverk och kulturella skillnader. Dessutom visar resultaten på hur dessa orsaker påverkar olika grupper av utrikesfödda

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:59:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josimar de Sousa.pdf: 2241311 bytes, checksum: 512e10e4ee62bc9f311fbc895f6085ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-09 / Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso / The parceled Teaching Credential Project was a historical experience to the Médio Araguaia zone, in the sense that it mobilized an entire region in order for it to become reality and had the state system as partner because of the lack of a public policy until then, of education and professionalization of teachers with no credential. The purpose of this study was to identify which components of the Parceled Teaching Credential Project contributed for the constitution of the teaching professional identity and for giving a new meaning to the classroom practice of the Math teacher coming from the axis teaching by research. For such, the concepts of teachers education, teaching professional identity, teacher s research, research teacher and teaching knowledge were important. Five interviews were held with recently graduated Math teachers, inquiries were applied to three coordinators of the Math course and documents were used about the project. From the data reading to the light of the theory, the following categories were established for analysis: 1) Path personal life and professional experience. Subdivided in: a) professional choice; b) basic and college education; c) work conditions and socializing process; d) investment in the career and in the professional development; 2) Process of identity constitution from recently graduated teachers; 3) Teaching view and specific knowledge of Math; 4) The research as teacher s work. Subdivided in: a) monographs and b) the insertion of the research activity at school. The study indicated that the Project contributed to the reasoning by the teachers about the sense of being a Math teacher, the constitution of his/her professional identity, seeing through the teaching by research, the structuring axis of his/her work and how to give a new meaning of his/her practice in the classroom. From this study, it was possible to conclude that the Project is not the only component of the teaching being, because, the life path, the regional context are, also, components of the teaching professional identity and that the courses of initial education exert a meaningful role in the constitution of the professional life from the future teacher and in the process of constitution of his/her professional identity, strengthened by the lived experiences in his/her circulation environment, in this case, in the education space in the Parceled Teaching Credential Project and in the space of professional performance the schools / O Projeto de Licenciaturas Parceladas foi uma experiência histórica para a região do Médio Araguaia, no sentido de que mobilizou toda uma região para se tornar realidade e teve o sistema estadual como parceiro por falta de uma política pública até então, de formação e profissionalização de professores sem habilitação. O estudo teve por objetivo identificar quais componentes do Projeto de Licenciaturas Parceladas contribuíram para a constituição identitária profissional docente e para a ressignificação da prática em sala de aula do professor de Matemática a partir do eixo ensino pela pesquisa. Para isso, foram importantes os conceitos de formação de professores, identidade profissional docente, pesquisa de professor, professor pesquisador e saberes docentes. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com professores egressos de Matemática, aplicados questionário a três coordenadores do curso de Matemática e utilizados os documentos sobre o projeto. Da leitura dos dados e à luz da teoria, foram estabelecidas as categorias para análise: 1) Trajetória vida pessoal e experiência profissional. Subdivide-se em: a) escolha profissional; b) formação básica e universitária; c) condições de trabalho e processo de socialização; d) o investimento na carreira e o desenvolvimento profissional; 2) Processo de constituição identitária dos professores egressos; 3) Visão de ensino e conhecimento específico de Matemática; 4) A pesquisa no trabalho do professor. Subdividiu-se em: a) monografias e b) a inserção da atividade de pesquisa na escola. O estudo indicou que o Projeto contribuiu para a reflexão dos professores a respeito do sentido de ser professor de Matemática, a constituição de sua identidade profissional docente, enxergando no ensino pela pesquisa, o eixo estruturante de seu trabalho e de ressignificação de sua prática de sala de aula. Deste estudo, concluímos que o Projeto não é o único configurador do ser docente, pois, a trajetória de vida, o contexto regional são, também, configuradores da identidade profissional docente e que os cursos de formação inicial exercem um papel significativo na constituição da vida profissional do futuro professor e no processo de constituição da sua identidade profissional, fortalecida pelas experiências vividas em seu lugar de circulação, nesse caso, no espaço de formação no Projeto de Licenciaturas Parceladas e no espaço de atuação profissional as escolas

The Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007 required teacher assistants (TAs) to obtain their child development associate (CDA) credential by September of 2015. TAs who had not obtained their CDA within the required timeframe were either demoted or terminated from their positions. However, with the increase of working parents, the need for quality early childhood education has risen. In this project study, the barriers TAs confront in regards to their decision to continue their schooling to obtain a CDA credential were examined, as were the factors that deterred or prevented them from enrolling in or completing a higher education program. The purpose of the study was to inform the development of a plan outlining how childcare administration can mentor and encourage TAs in the completion of their CDA program. Knowles's theory of adult learning and Kolb's experiential learning theory provided the theoretical basis and framework for this qualitative case study. Cluster random selection was used to identify 9 participants who were interviewed using a semistructured process. Interview responses were recorded, transcribed, and broken down into 6 themes. Findings showed that 7 out of 9 participants experienced barriers to continuing their education, and 8 of the 9 partipants expressed a desire to participate in a mentoring program. Raising the educational requirements and completion rate of TAs positively affects social change through increased quality of instruction, improved teaching strategies, and enhanced and developmentally appropriate support provided to young children.

Personal information, especially certified personal information, can be very valuable to its subject, but it can also be abused by other parties for identify theft, blackmail, fraud, and more. One partial solution to the problem is credentials, whereby personal information is tied to identity, for example by a photo or signature on a physical credential. We present an efficient scheme for large, redactable, digital credentials that allow certified personal attributes to safely be used to provide identification. A novel method is provided for combining credentials, even when they were originally issued by different authorities. Compared to other redactable digital credential schemes, the proposed scheme is approximately two orders of magnitude faster, due to aiming for auditability over anonymity. In order to expand this scheme to hold other records, medical records for example, we present a method for efficient signatures on redactable data where there are dependencies between different pieces of data. Positive results are shown using both artificial datasets and a dataset derived from a Linux package manager. Electronic credentials must of course be held in a physical device with electronic memory. To hedge against the loss or compromise of the physical device holding a user's credentials, the credentials may be split up. An architecture is developed and prototyped for using split-up credentials, with part of the credentials held by a network attached agent. This architecture is generalized into a framework for running identity agents with various capabilities. Finally, a system for securely sharing medical records is built upon the generalized agent framework. The medical records are optionally stored using the redactable digital credentials, for source verifiability.

Cette thèse analyse les conditions sociales, institutionnelles et politiques de l'utilisation de la formation supérieure pour l'admission dans le journalisme et de l'ascension professionnelle dans la Province brésilienne du Rio Grande do Sul. Les discussions nationales concernant l'exigence de la formation universitaire dans journalisme pour l'exercice de cette activité, surtout à partir de 2001, ont révélé heurtes sur la réglementation de la profession. L´hiphotèse du travail est que une profession n'est pas seulement un espaces de conflit et disputes par des réserves de marché, mais est encore la place de confrontation entre des structures de capitaux différenciés. Dans ce sens, les conflits autour de l'imposition du diplôme sont révélateurs non seuls d'une dispute par marché, comme ils aussi permettent de montrer aux luttes pour définition des ressources légitimes pour entrée et la croissance dans la hiérarchie interne du journalisme. Dans ces disputes, les agents compromettent les ressources elles lesquelles ont accumulées pendant son passage social et professionnel et ils que résultent de son origine sociale, la formation scolaire et l'insertion dans autres sphères d'activité. Pour comprendre les utilisations du diplôme, l'analyse a rendu fondamental des insertions et des sphères sociales dans lesquelles les journalistes s'insèrent et comme elles permettent d'acquérir des ressources qui peuvent contribuer pour valoriser leur titre académique. L'univers empirique considéré est constitué par des journalistes qui occupent des positions dirigeantes dans le journalisme. Pour donner compte des questions posées, cette thèse est divisée au trois moments principaux. Au un premiers moments, se sont analysées les conditions sociales et historiques qui ont consolidé l'exercice ils dont du journalisme et ont permis certaines formes d'insertion et reconversion de ressources pour performance dans cette activité. Au un seconds moments, s'est enquêté comme s'est produite le processus de réglementation officielle du journalisme en considérant la période de la première réglementation, dans la décennie de 1930, jusqu'aux confrontations actuelles autour de l'exigence du titre académique. Et finalement, un dernier niveau d'analyse a eu objectif appréhender les déterminants sociaux et culturels qui pèsent sur les formes de recrutement et de modalités d'investissement dans le journalisme. Cette thèse a permis de montrer que la profession de journaliste se caractérise par la reconversion de ressources diverses dans des ressources professionnelles. De cette manière, le diplôme de journaliste seul acquiert de la valeur pour occupation de positions et de l'ascension professionnelle si articulé avec des ressources sociales variées, surtout ceux obtenus à travers les origines sociales privilégiées, de l'intense contact avec les sources d'informations des observations et, encore, de l'investissement dans le militantisme político-partidária. L'effet de cette reconversion de ressources sociales dans des ressources professionnelles est la diversification et l'élargissement des espaces de performance et d'intervention professionnelle. / Esta tese analisa as condições sociais, institucionais e políticas do uso da formação superior para o ingresso no jornalismo e ascensão profissional no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As discussões nacionais a respeito da exigência da formação universitária em jornalismo para o exercício dessa atividade, sobretudo a partir de 2001, trouxeram a tona embates sobre a regulamentação da profissão. Parte-se do princípio que uma profissão não é apenas um espaço de conflito e disputas por reservas de mercado, mas é ainda o lugar de confronto entre estruturas de capitais diferenciados. Nesse sentido, os conflitos em torno da imposição do diploma são reveladores não só de uma disputa por mercado, como também permitem mostrar as lutas para definição dos recursos legítimos para entrada e crescimento na hierarquia interna do jornalismo. Nessas disputas, os agentes comprometem os recursos que acumularam durante seu trajeto social e profissional e que resultam de sua origem social, formação escolar e inserção em outras esferas de atividade. Para compreender os usos do diploma, tornou-se fundamental a análise das inserções e das esferas sociais nas quais os jornalistas se inserem e como elas permitem adquirir recursos que podem contribuir para valorizar seu título acadêmico. O universo empírico considerado é constituído por jornalistas gaúchos que ocupam posições dirigentes no jornalismo. Para dar conta das questões colocadas, esta tese está dividida em três momentos principais. Num primeiro momento, analisaram-se as condições sociais e históricas que consolidaram o exercício do jornalismo e que permitiram determinadas formas de inserção e reconversão de recursos para atuação nessa atividade. Num segundo momento, investigou-se como ocorreu o processo de regulamentação oficial do jornalismo considerando o período da primeira regulamentação, na década de 1930, até os confrontos atuais em torno da exigência do título acadêmico. E por fim, um último nível de análise teve por objetivo apreender os determinantes sociais e culturais que pesam sobre as formas de recrutamento e modalidades de investimento no jornalismo. Esta tese permitiu mostrar que a profissão de jornalista se caracteriza pela reconversão de recursos diversos em recursos profissionais. Desse modo, o diploma de jornalista só adquire valor para ocupação de posições e ascensão profissional se articulado com recursos sociais variados, sobretudo aqueles obtidos através das origens sociais privilegiadas, do intenso contato com as fontes de informação das notícias e, ainda, do investimento na militância político-partidária. O efeito dessa reconversão de recursos sociais em recursos profissionais é a diversificação e a ampliação dos espaços de atuação e intervenção profissional. / This thesis analyzes the social, institucional conditions and politics of the use of the superior formation for the ingression in the journalism and professional ascension in the state of the Rio Grande Do Sul. The national quarrels regarding the requirement of the university formation in journalism for the exercise of this activity, over all from 2001, had disclosed strike on the regulation of the profession. The hypothesis of this work is of that a profession is not only one space of conflict and disputes for market reserves, but is still the place of confrontation between differentiated structures of capitals. In this direction, the conflicts around the imposition of the university formation are revealing not alone of a dispute for market, as also they allow to show to the fights for definition of the legitimate resources for entrance and growth in the internal hierarchy of the journalism. In these disputes, the agents compromise the resources that they had accumulated during its social and professional trajectory and that they result of its social origin, pertaining to school formation and insertion in other spheres of activity. To understand the uses of the university formation, the analysis of the insertions and the social spheres in which became basic the journalists if they insert and as they allow to acquire resources that can contribute to value its academic heading. The considered empirical universe is constituted by journalists who occupy leading positions in the journalism. To give account of the placed questions, this thesis is divided at three main moments. At a first moment, the social and historical conditions had been analyzed that had consolidated the exercise of the journalism and that they had allowed to definitive forms of insertion and reconversion of resources for performance in this activity. At as a moment, it was investigated as the period of the first regulation occurred the process of official regulation of the journalism considering, in the decade of 1930, until the current confrontations around the requirement of the academic heading. E finally, a last level of analysis had for objective to apprehend determinative social and the cultural ones that weighs on the forms of conscription and modalities of investment in the journalism. This thesis allowed to show that the journalist profession if characterizes for the reconversion of diverse resources in professional resources. In this way, the journalist university formation alone acquires value for occupation of position and professional if articulated ascension with social resources varied, over all those gotten through the privileged social origins, of the intense contact with the sources of information of the notice and, still, the investment in the militancy politician-partisan. The effect of this reconversion of social resources in professional resources is the diversification and the magnifying of the spaces of performance and professional intervention.

Cette thèse analyse les conditions sociales, institutionnelles et politiques de l'utilisation de la formation supérieure pour l'admission dans le journalisme et de l'ascension professionnelle dans la Province brésilienne du Rio Grande do Sul. Les discussions nationales concernant l'exigence de la formation universitaire dans journalisme pour l'exercice de cette activité, surtout à partir de 2001, ont révélé heurtes sur la réglementation de la profession. L´hiphotèse du travail est que une profession n'est pas seulement un espaces de conflit et disputes par des réserves de marché, mais est encore la place de confrontation entre des structures de capitaux différenciés. Dans ce sens, les conflits autour de l'imposition du diplôme sont révélateurs non seuls d'une dispute par marché, comme ils aussi permettent de montrer aux luttes pour définition des ressources légitimes pour entrée et la croissance dans la hiérarchie interne du journalisme. Dans ces disputes, les agents compromettent les ressources elles lesquelles ont accumulées pendant son passage social et professionnel et ils que résultent de son origine sociale, la formation scolaire et l'insertion dans autres sphères d'activité. Pour comprendre les utilisations du diplôme, l'analyse a rendu fondamental des insertions et des sphères sociales dans lesquelles les journalistes s'insèrent et comme elles permettent d'acquérir des ressources qui peuvent contribuer pour valoriser leur titre académique. L'univers empirique considéré est constitué par des journalistes qui occupent des positions dirigeantes dans le journalisme. Pour donner compte des questions posées, cette thèse est divisée au trois moments principaux. Au un premiers moments, se sont analysées les conditions sociales et historiques qui ont consolidé l'exercice ils dont du journalisme et ont permis certaines formes d'insertion et reconversion de ressources pour performance dans cette activité. Au un seconds moments, s'est enquêté comme s'est produite le processus de réglementation officielle du journalisme en considérant la période de la première réglementation, dans la décennie de 1930, jusqu'aux confrontations actuelles autour de l'exigence du titre académique. Et finalement, un dernier niveau d'analyse a eu objectif appréhender les déterminants sociaux et culturels qui pèsent sur les formes de recrutement et de modalités d'investissement dans le journalisme. Cette thèse a permis de montrer que la profession de journaliste se caractérise par la reconversion de ressources diverses dans des ressources professionnelles. De cette manière, le diplôme de journaliste seul acquiert de la valeur pour occupation de positions et de l'ascension professionnelle si articulé avec des ressources sociales variées, surtout ceux obtenus à travers les origines sociales privilégiées, de l'intense contact avec les sources d'informations des observations et, encore, de l'investissement dans le militantisme político-partidária. L'effet de cette reconversion de ressources sociales dans des ressources professionnelles est la diversification et l'élargissement des espaces de performance et d'intervention professionnelle. / Esta tese analisa as condições sociais, institucionais e políticas do uso da formação superior para o ingresso no jornalismo e ascensão profissional no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As discussões nacionais a respeito da exigência da formação universitária em jornalismo para o exercício dessa atividade, sobretudo a partir de 2001, trouxeram a tona embates sobre a regulamentação da profissão. Parte-se do princípio que uma profissão não é apenas um espaço de conflito e disputas por reservas de mercado, mas é ainda o lugar de confronto entre estruturas de capitais diferenciados. Nesse sentido, os conflitos em torno da imposição do diploma são reveladores não só de uma disputa por mercado, como também permitem mostrar as lutas para definição dos recursos legítimos para entrada e crescimento na hierarquia interna do jornalismo. Nessas disputas, os agentes comprometem os recursos que acumularam durante seu trajeto social e profissional e que resultam de sua origem social, formação escolar e inserção em outras esferas de atividade. Para compreender os usos do diploma, tornou-se fundamental a análise das inserções e das esferas sociais nas quais os jornalistas se inserem e como elas permitem adquirir recursos que podem contribuir para valorizar seu título acadêmico. O universo empírico considerado é constituído por jornalistas gaúchos que ocupam posições dirigentes no jornalismo. Para dar conta das questões colocadas, esta tese está dividida em três momentos principais. Num primeiro momento, analisaram-se as condições sociais e históricas que consolidaram o exercício do jornalismo e que permitiram determinadas formas de inserção e reconversão de recursos para atuação nessa atividade. Num segundo momento, investigou-se como ocorreu o processo de regulamentação oficial do jornalismo considerando o período da primeira regulamentação, na década de 1930, até os confrontos atuais em torno da exigência do título acadêmico. E por fim, um último nível de análise teve por objetivo apreender os determinantes sociais e culturais que pesam sobre as formas de recrutamento e modalidades de investimento no jornalismo. Esta tese permitiu mostrar que a profissão de jornalista se caracteriza pela reconversão de recursos diversos em recursos profissionais. Desse modo, o diploma de jornalista só adquire valor para ocupação de posições e ascensão profissional se articulado com recursos sociais variados, sobretudo aqueles obtidos através das origens sociais privilegiadas, do intenso contato com as fontes de informação das notícias e, ainda, do investimento na militância político-partidária. O efeito dessa reconversão de recursos sociais em recursos profissionais é a diversificação e a ampliação dos espaços de atuação e intervenção profissional. / This thesis analyzes the social, institucional conditions and politics of the use of the superior formation for the ingression in the journalism and professional ascension in the state of the Rio Grande Do Sul. The national quarrels regarding the requirement of the university formation in journalism for the exercise of this activity, over all from 2001, had disclosed strike on the regulation of the profession. The hypothesis of this work is of that a profession is not only one space of conflict and disputes for market reserves, but is still the place of confrontation between differentiated structures of capitals. In this direction, the conflicts around the imposition of the university formation are revealing not alone of a dispute for market, as also they allow to show to the fights for definition of the legitimate resources for entrance and growth in the internal hierarchy of the journalism. In these disputes, the agents compromise the resources that they had accumulated during its social and professional trajectory and that they result of its social origin, pertaining to school formation and insertion in other spheres of activity. To understand the uses of the university formation, the analysis of the insertions and the social spheres in which became basic the journalists if they insert and as they allow to acquire resources that can contribute to value its academic heading. The considered empirical universe is constituted by journalists who occupy leading positions in the journalism. To give account of the placed questions, this thesis is divided at three main moments. At a first moment, the social and historical conditions had been analyzed that had consolidated the exercise of the journalism and that they had allowed to definitive forms of insertion and reconversion of resources for performance in this activity. At as a moment, it was investigated as the period of the first regulation occurred the process of official regulation of the journalism considering, in the decade of 1930, until the current confrontations around the requirement of the academic heading. E finally, a last level of analysis had for objective to apprehend determinative social and the cultural ones that weighs on the forms of conscription and modalities of investment in the journalism. This thesis allowed to show that the journalist profession if characterizes for the reconversion of diverse resources in professional resources. In this way, the journalist university formation alone acquires value for occupation of position and professional if articulated ascension with social resources varied, over all those gotten through the privileged social origins, of the intense contact with the sources of information of the notice and, still, the investment in the militancy politician-partisan. The effect of this reconversion of social resources in professional resources is the diversification and the magnifying of the spaces of performance and professional intervention.

Cette thèse analyse les conditions sociales, institutionnelles et politiques de l'utilisation de la formation supérieure pour l'admission dans le journalisme et de l'ascension professionnelle dans la Province brésilienne du Rio Grande do Sul. Les discussions nationales concernant l'exigence de la formation universitaire dans journalisme pour l'exercice de cette activité, surtout à partir de 2001, ont révélé heurtes sur la réglementation de la profession. L´hiphotèse du travail est que une profession n'est pas seulement un espaces de conflit et disputes par des réserves de marché, mais est encore la place de confrontation entre des structures de capitaux différenciés. Dans ce sens, les conflits autour de l'imposition du diplôme sont révélateurs non seuls d'une dispute par marché, comme ils aussi permettent de montrer aux luttes pour définition des ressources légitimes pour entrée et la croissance dans la hiérarchie interne du journalisme. Dans ces disputes, les agents compromettent les ressources elles lesquelles ont accumulées pendant son passage social et professionnel et ils que résultent de son origine sociale, la formation scolaire et l'insertion dans autres sphères d'activité. Pour comprendre les utilisations du diplôme, l'analyse a rendu fondamental des insertions et des sphères sociales dans lesquelles les journalistes s'insèrent et comme elles permettent d'acquérir des ressources qui peuvent contribuer pour valoriser leur titre académique. L'univers empirique considéré est constitué par des journalistes qui occupent des positions dirigeantes dans le journalisme. Pour donner compte des questions posées, cette thèse est divisée au trois moments principaux. Au un premiers moments, se sont analysées les conditions sociales et historiques qui ont consolidé l'exercice ils dont du journalisme et ont permis certaines formes d'insertion et reconversion de ressources pour performance dans cette activité. Au un seconds moments, s'est enquêté comme s'est produite le processus de réglementation officielle du journalisme en considérant la période de la première réglementation, dans la décennie de 1930, jusqu'aux confrontations actuelles autour de l'exigence du titre académique. Et finalement, un dernier niveau d'analyse a eu objectif appréhender les déterminants sociaux et culturels qui pèsent sur les formes de recrutement et de modalités d'investissement dans le journalisme. Cette thèse a permis de montrer que la profession de journaliste se caractérise par la reconversion de ressources diverses dans des ressources professionnelles. De cette manière, le diplôme de journaliste seul acquiert de la valeur pour occupation de positions et de l'ascension professionnelle si articulé avec des ressources sociales variées, surtout ceux obtenus à travers les origines sociales privilégiées, de l'intense contact avec les sources d'informations des observations et, encore, de l'investissement dans le militantisme político-partidária. L'effet de cette reconversion de ressources sociales dans des ressources professionnelles est la diversification et l'élargissement des espaces de performance et d'intervention professionnelle. / Esta tese analisa as condições sociais, institucionais e políticas do uso da formação superior para o ingresso no jornalismo e ascensão profissional no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As discussões nacionais a respeito da exigência da formação universitária em jornalismo para o exercício dessa atividade, sobretudo a partir de 2001, trouxeram a tona embates sobre a regulamentação da profissão. Parte-se do princípio que uma profissão não é apenas um espaço de conflito e disputas por reservas de mercado, mas é ainda o lugar de confronto entre estruturas de capitais diferenciados. Nesse sentido, os conflitos em torno da imposição do diploma são reveladores não só de uma disputa por mercado, como também permitem mostrar as lutas para definição dos recursos legítimos para entrada e crescimento na hierarquia interna do jornalismo. Nessas disputas, os agentes comprometem os recursos que acumularam durante seu trajeto social e profissional e que resultam de sua origem social, formação escolar e inserção em outras esferas de atividade. Para compreender os usos do diploma, tornou-se fundamental a análise das inserções e das esferas sociais nas quais os jornalistas se inserem e como elas permitem adquirir recursos que podem contribuir para valorizar seu título acadêmico. O universo empírico considerado é constituído por jornalistas gaúchos que ocupam posições dirigentes no jornalismo. Para dar conta das questões colocadas, esta tese está dividida em três momentos principais. Num primeiro momento, analisaram-se as condições sociais e históricas que consolidaram o exercício do jornalismo e que permitiram determinadas formas de inserção e reconversão de recursos para atuação nessa atividade. Num segundo momento, investigou-se como ocorreu o processo de regulamentação oficial do jornalismo considerando o período da primeira regulamentação, na década de 1930, até os confrontos atuais em torno da exigência do título acadêmico. E por fim, um último nível de análise teve por objetivo apreender os determinantes sociais e culturais que pesam sobre as formas de recrutamento e modalidades de investimento no jornalismo. Esta tese permitiu mostrar que a profissão de jornalista se caracteriza pela reconversão de recursos diversos em recursos profissionais. Desse modo, o diploma de jornalista só adquire valor para ocupação de posições e ascensão profissional se articulado com recursos sociais variados, sobretudo aqueles obtidos através das origens sociais privilegiadas, do intenso contato com as fontes de informação das notícias e, ainda, do investimento na militância político-partidária. O efeito dessa reconversão de recursos sociais em recursos profissionais é a diversificação e a ampliação dos espaços de atuação e intervenção profissional. / This thesis analyzes the social, institucional conditions and politics of the use of the superior formation for the ingression in the journalism and professional ascension in the state of the Rio Grande Do Sul. The national quarrels regarding the requirement of the university formation in journalism for the exercise of this activity, over all from 2001, had disclosed strike on the regulation of the profession. The hypothesis of this work is of that a profession is not only one space of conflict and disputes for market reserves, but is still the place of confrontation between differentiated structures of capitals. In this direction, the conflicts around the imposition of the university formation are revealing not alone of a dispute for market, as also they allow to show to the fights for definition of the legitimate resources for entrance and growth in the internal hierarchy of the journalism. In these disputes, the agents compromise the resources that they had accumulated during its social and professional trajectory and that they result of its social origin, pertaining to school formation and insertion in other spheres of activity. To understand the uses of the university formation, the analysis of the insertions and the social spheres in which became basic the journalists if they insert and as they allow to acquire resources that can contribute to value its academic heading. The considered empirical universe is constituted by journalists who occupy leading positions in the journalism. To give account of the placed questions, this thesis is divided at three main moments. At a first moment, the social and historical conditions had been analyzed that had consolidated the exercise of the journalism and that they had allowed to definitive forms of insertion and reconversion of resources for performance in this activity. At as a moment, it was investigated as the period of the first regulation occurred the process of official regulation of the journalism considering, in the decade of 1930, until the current confrontations around the requirement of the academic heading. E finally, a last level of analysis had for objective to apprehend determinative social and the cultural ones that weighs on the forms of conscription and modalities of investment in the journalism. This thesis allowed to show that the journalist profession if characterizes for the reconversion of diverse resources in professional resources. In this way, the journalist university formation alone acquires value for occupation of position and professional if articulated ascension with social resources varied, over all those gotten through the privileged social origins, of the intense contact with the sources of information of the notice and, still, the investment in the militancy politician-partisan. The effect of this reconversion of social resources in professional resources is the diversification and the magnifying of the spaces of performance and professional intervention.