All bona fide professions have affiliated professional organizations, ethical standards or a code of ethics, and an accrediting and sanctioning body that deals with preparation, credentialing, and licensure, and pride in one's profession (Gale & Austin, 2003; Remley & Herlihy, 2010). As school counseling continues to evolve, school counselors have struggled to define and maintain their role. This may be due, in part, to the social desirability an individual has to belong to dominant group in the school setting (Tajfel, 1986). School counselors may draw esteem from their professional membership. This concept, called collective self-esteem, denotes those aspects of identity that are related to membership in social groups and the respective value that one places on one's membership (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between collective self-esteem and professional identity. The findings of this study indicated that collective self-esteem was relatively stable and remained moderately high across several demographic variables related to professional identity. Collective self-esteem remained relatively consistent across level of practice, professional background, years of total experience and years of experience at the current school, and area of practice. Further, collective self-esteem remained moderately high for those who were affiliated with a counseling organization and those who were not. Results also suggested that collective self-esteem is constant regardless of variations in credentialing, chosen code of ethics, role definition (educator first or counselor first), and professional pride. Results indicated that collective self-esteem remained moderately high across several demographic areas and variables related to professional identity. Further, a significant positive correlation was found between pride in the profession and collective self-esteem was shown. Additionally, a small, significant negative correlation was garnered between those participants who viewed themselves as a counselor first and held an LPC or equivalent. Further, a significant relationship was found between those participants who defined their role as a counselor first and chose the NBCC Code of Ethics as their primary code of ethics and those participants who held the counselor first position and chose the ASCA Ethical Code as their primary code of ethics.

In December 2004, at the SoDIS® (Software Development Impact Statements) symposium in Auckland, an industry certification as a method of credentialing teachers and analysis of SoDIS was mooted. SoDIS, a process of ethics-based risk assessment and analysis of downstream risk to project and software stakeholders, including the public, is currently in the process of progressing from prototype to commercial product. Certification was proposed to ensure the integrity of the process and the quality of service to stakeholders.Certification sponsored by industry, commercial organisation, or professional association (collectively referred to as industry certification, or certification) has been a form of credentialing for over half a century. Industry certification was adopted by the IT industry when Novell, Inc. began testing and certifying IT industry and IT network professionals in 1986 (Cosgrove, 2004; Novell, 1996). Global certification testing centres were established in 1990 by Drake International (now Thomson Prometric) (Foster, 2005).During the 1990s, industry certification became a veritable juggernaut: a "multi-billion dollar business" (Cosgrove, 2004, p. 486), an industry that has arisen in its own right (Adelman, 2000) and driven by several dynamics (Hitchcock, 2005). In 2000 there were over 300 discrete IT certifications with approximately 1.6 million individuals holding approximately 2.4 million IT certifications (Aldelman, 2000). The total number of available certifications is impossible to quantify (Knapp & Gallery, 2003). Many academic institutions both at tertiary and secondary level are integrating industry certification, especially IT certification, into their curricula.Is industry certification, however, a pedagogically robust form of credentialing? Does it have value to its stakeholders? Is it an appropriate form of credentialing for the SoDIS process? This research, using both Phenomenography and Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a joint methodology, focuses on the experiences of actors with the phenomenon of industry certification and extracts both the essence of the understanding and perceptions of the value and validity of industry certification, and the essence of industry certification itself.Due to the vast amount of literature found describing industry actors' perceptions of and experiences within the phenomenon, the research is predominantly literature-based. Further data was collected from interviews with a small, purposive sample of industry certification holders and employers, with the research further informed by my own experiences within the domain which is the focus of the research. The methodology paradigm is interpretive: the research aims to interpret the social construction that is the phenomenon of industry certification.While this research does not attempt to single out specific industry certifications to determine their value or pedagogical robustness, the findings suggest that, in general, well designed and well administered certifications with integrity and rigour of assessment processes, are indeed pedagogically sound, with significant value. The research identifies both benefit and criticism elements of typical certifications, along with elements of the various certification programmes categorised into standard (typical), and more rigorous (less typical) certification programmes.The research develops and presents a paradigm for building an appropriate vendor specific or vendor neutral certification programme that is pedagogically sound with value for its stakeholders. The contrasts and complementary aspects of industry certification and academic qualifications are highlighted. It is therefore concluded, and supported by data from the interviews, that such a credential is indeed appropriate for teachers and analysts of SoDIS.

In December 2004, at the SoDIS® (Software Development Impact Statements) symposium in Auckland, an industry certification as a method of credentialing teachers and analysis of SoDIS was mooted. SoDIS, a process of ethics-based risk assessment and analysis of downstream risk to project and software stakeholders, including the public, is currently in the process of progressing from prototype to commercial product. Certification was proposed to ensure the integrity of the process and the quality of service to stakeholders.Certification sponsored by industry, commercial organisation, or professional association (collectively referred to as industry certification, or certification) has been a form of credentialing for over half a century. Industry certification was adopted by the IT industry when Novell, Inc. began testing and certifying IT industry and IT network professionals in 1986 (Cosgrove, 2004; Novell, 1996). Global certification testing centres were established in 1990 by Drake International (now Thomson Prometric) (Foster, 2005).During the 1990s, industry certification became a veritable juggernaut: a "multi-billion dollar business" (Cosgrove, 2004, p. 486), an industry that has arisen in its own right (Adelman, 2000) and driven by several dynamics (Hitchcock, 2005). In 2000 there were over 300 discrete IT certifications with approximately 1.6 million individuals holding approximately 2.4 million IT certifications (Aldelman, 2000). The total number of available certifications is impossible to quantify (Knapp & Gallery, 2003). Many academic institutions both at tertiary and secondary level are integrating industry certification, especially IT certification, into their curricula.Is industry certification, however, a pedagogically robust form of credentialing? Does it have value to its stakeholders? Is it an appropriate form of credentialing for the SoDIS process? This research, using both Phenomenography and Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a joint methodology, focuses on the experiences of actors with the phenomenon of industry certification and extracts both the essence of the understanding and perceptions of the value and validity of industry certification, and the essence of industry certification itself.Due to the vast amount of literature found describing industry actors' perceptions of and experiences within the phenomenon, the research is predominantly literature-based. Further data was collected from interviews with a small, purposive sample of industry certification holders and employers, with the research further informed by my own experiences within the domain which is the focus of the research. The methodology paradigm is interpretive: the research aims to interpret the social construction that is the phenomenon of industry certification.While this research does not attempt to single out specific industry certifications to determine their value or pedagogical robustness, the findings suggest that, in general, well designed and well administered certifications with integrity and rigour of assessment processes, are indeed pedagogically sound, with significant value. The research identifies both benefit and criticism elements of typical certifications, along with elements of the various certification programmes categorised into standard (typical), and more rigorous (less typical) certification programmes.The research develops and presents a paradigm for building an appropriate vendor specific or vendor neutral certification programme that is pedagogically sound with value for its stakeholders. The contrasts and complementary aspects of industry certification and academic qualifications are highlighted. It is therefore concluded, and supported by data from the interviews, that such a credential is indeed appropriate for teachers and analysts of SoDIS.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to describe the needs and concerns regarding the Virginia Credentialing Initiative (VCI) of career and technical education (CTE) stakeholders in rural southwestern Virginia. These stakeholders included central office CTE administrators, high school principals, guidance counselors, and high school CTE teachers. The Stages of Concern Questionnaire (George, Hall, & Stiegelbauer, 2008) was sent to 355 participants with 260 responding for a return rate of 73%. All of the respondents were employed in Superintendents' Region Seven. There are seven Stages of Concern: 0 Unconcerned, 1 Informational, 2 Personal, 3 Management, 4 Consequence, 5 Collaboration, and 6 Refocusing. Results revealed that when categorized by occupational areas, central office CTE administrators and teachers had primary concerns that ranged from Unconcerned to Personal. Guidance counselors had primary concerns that ranged from Unconcerned to Informational. High school principals had primary concerns that ranged from Unconcerned to Personal. All groups had lowest concern levels at the Consequence and Refocusing stages. Results for each group varied slightly when the number of years of experience was used as a reporting category. The primary level of concern was at the Unconcerned stage for each group when the respondents had 5 or fewer years of experience. CTE teacher groups were also categorized by subject area as those with long-standing licensing history (cosmetology, nursing, welding) and those newer to credentialing (agriculture, business, family and consumer sciences, marketing). The fields of nursing and welding had primary concerns at the Unconcerned level, while those in the agriculture, business, cosmetology, family and consumer sciences, and marketing subject areas peaked at the Personal level. Further research is recommended in relation to CTE stakeholder concerns and the implementation and use of the VCI. The implementation of new state legislation will affect CTE stakeholders as they adapt to the new graduation requirements for students pursuing a standard diploma. It is also recommended that qualitative research be conducted to ascertain specific avenues for addressing stakeholder needs and concerns, such as professional development. / Ed. D.

INTRODUÇÃO: Conhecer o perfil dos fisioterapeutas é o primeiro passo para dar início ao desenvolvimento de ações em busca do crescimento, reconhecimento e valorização da profissão. No Estado de São Paulo estão registrados mais de 34% dos fisioterapeutas brasileiros, é o Estado em que foi criado o primeiro curso de fisioterapia e que possui o maior número de universidades com o curso de fisioterapia em atividade. O curso de fisioterapia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) é o pioneiro no país. Já foi estudado o perfil do fisioterapeuta em outros estados, especialidades, universidades ou locais de trabalho específicos, porém não temos conhecimento do atual perfil do fisioterapeuta do Estado de São Paulo. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil do fisioterapeuta do Estado de São Paulo e do egresso do curso de fisioterapia da FMUSP segundo os aspectos demográfico, formativo e de atuação profissional. Como objetivo secundário, avaliar se há associação entre o tipo de instituição cursada, o local de trabalho e o ano de graduação com a renda salarial mensal. MÉTODO: Todos os fisioterapeutas inscritos no Conselho Regional de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da 3ª Região com pelo menos um ano de graduado foram convidados a participar do estudo que consistia em responder um questionário online (Survey Monkey®). Para assegurar a confidencialidade da identificação do profissional, o envio foi realizado pelo Crefito-3 e os questionários não exigiam identificação. Todos os dados foram analisados e foram apresentados em frequências absoluta e relativa. As associações foram analisadas pelo Teste de Qui Quadrado. RESULTADOS: No total 2323 fisioterapeutas participaram da pesquisa, provenientes de todo o Estado de São Paulo, sendo 110 graduados na FMUSP. A amostra geral consistiu em 80% de mulheres, 62% graduou-se entre os anos de 2001 e 2010, 83% graduou-se em uma universidade privada, cerca de 85% dos profissionais realizaram alguma pós graduação, sendo 66,7% pós-graduação lato sensu e 18,3% stricto sensu. As áreas de especialização lato sensu mais procuradas foram a ortopedia (12,7%), cardiorrespiratória (12,0%), acupuntura (10,5%) e neurologia (8,5%), porém 19,0% realizaram uma pós-graduação em uma área ainda não reconhecida pelo Conselho Federal de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, como a hidroterapia, geriatria, fisiologia do exercício e gestão hospitalar. Em relação ao stricto sensu, 10,8% possuem título de mestre e 7,5% de doutores. Dos entrevistados, 83,2% atua como fisioterapeuta e em 67,3% a fisioterapia é a sua única fonte de renda. O local de trabalho predominante é o atendimento domiciliar (35,4%) e a renda bruta mensal foi de acima de R$3.000,00 em 35,9% dos casos, sendo que os profissionais com mais tempo de formado ganham mais do que os graduados há menos tempo, e os que atuam em universidades são melhores remunerados. Trinta e sete por cento dos participantes estão parcialmente satisfeitos com a profissão, 98% atualizam-se participando de congressos, cursos e leitura de artigos científicos, apresentam baixa adesão aos sindicatos e associações de classe (15,8%) e somente 13% tinha conhecimento sobre o valor do piso salarial atual. O egresso da FMUSP apresentou como diferencial comparado ao perfil do fisioterapeuta do Estado de São Paulo, a maior dedicação à docência e pesquisa, maior atuação nas universidades, melhores remunerações e encontraram menores dificuldades na inserção no mercado de trabalho. Na análise secundária, não foram encontradas associadas entre a renda salarial mensal e o tipo de instituição, a atuação em clínicas próprias está associada a melhores remunerações e os graduados há mais tempo possuem melhores salários. CONCLUSÃO: A classe de fisioterapeutas do Estado de São Paulo é formada predominantemente por mulheres jovens, graduadas após 2001 em uma universidade privada, com pós-graduação lato sensu, autônoma, realizando atendimentos domiciliares, com renda mensal entre R$1.500,00 a R$6.000,00, estão parcialmente satisfeitos com a profissão, possuem a fisioterapia como única fonte de renda e mantém-se atualizados através da participação em congressos, cursos e leitura de artigos científicos / INTRODUCTION: To know of professional profile is the first step to start actions development to pursuit growth, recognition and appreciation of the profession. In Sao Paulo are registered more than 34% of brazilian physical therapists, is the state which first physical therapy course and has the largest number of universities with physical therapy course. The profile of physical therapist in other states or specific area has been studied, but do not know about the current profile of the physical therapist in the State of Sao Paulo. OBJECTIVE: To present the profile of the physical therapist in the Sao Paulo State according to socio-demographics, academic background, scientific and technical knowledge, labor Market and knowledge of current legislation. METHOD: All registered physical therapist in Crefito-3 with at least one year of graduate were invited to participate in the study that consist in to answer an online survey (Survey Monkey®). We did not acess to professional identification and only Crefito-3 sent e-mail to all physical therapist. All data were analyzed and organized in tables with absolute and relative frequences. Results: In total 2363 physical therapists participated in the survey from all over the state. The sample consisted of 80% women, 62% graduated between 2001 and 2010, 83% graduated from a private university, 85% of professional performed some post graduate, 66,7% lato sensu and 18,3% stricto sensu. The main areas of post graduate are orthopedics (12,7%), cardiothoracics (12%), acupuncture (10,5%) and neurology (8,5%), but 19% performed a post graduate not recognized by COFFITO such as hydrotherapy, geriatrics, exercise physiology and hospital management. Regardind the stricto sensu, 10,8% have a master\'s degree and 7,5% of doctors. Of the participants, 83,2% works with physical therapy and 67,3% had the physical therapy such their liny source of money. The predominant place of work is the home care (35,4%) and earn R$1500,00 to R$3000,00 by month in 34,4% of cases and professional with some years of graduation earn more than graduates less time and those who work in universities are better salaries. 37% of participants are partially satisfy with the profession, 98% updated through congress, courses an reading scientifics articles, low subscription in sindicates and class associations and only 13,8% known about current minimum income. CONCLUSION: The physical therapist profile of Sao Paulo State is formed predominantly by Young women, graduated after 2001 in a private university, post-graduation course, autonomous, works in home care and monthly income between R$1500,00 to R$3000,00, are partially satisfied with the profession, the physical therapy as only source of income and remains updated through participation in conferences, courses and reading scientific articles

This dissertation is a study of the differing explanatory criteria used for the assessment of epistemic medical claims, particularly anatomical claims, in the work of Galen of Pergamum (129-c. 216 CE). It focuses on Galen's use of anatomy and anatomical exegesis to position himself in relation to the various medical sects or haireseis active in the Late Roman Empire. Consequent on the emergence of invasive anatomical investigations in the early Hellenistic period (3rd cent. BCE), the explanatory and therapeutic value of anatomical information came to be a defining characteristic of competing medical sects. The Empiricists, who, we are told, were reacting to what they believed was the theoretical promiscuity of other medical thinkers, took their name from their reliance on experience rather than theory, the latter a methodological commitment they attributed to other medical thinkers whom they grouped under the broad category of Dogmatists. This sensitivity to theoretical claims is apparent from the fact that the Empiricists eschewed anatomical dissections, on the grounds that they required analogical moves from structures in corpses to structures in living creatures. If Galen is to be taken at his word, by the second century CE, sectarian disputes between the medical sects had risen to a fever pitch. Galen, who was at pains to make a place for his own medical beliefs in this debate, stresses the need for explanatory theoretical accounts of the body and things relevant to its biological function but also insists that these theoretical accounts be based in empirical observations. One of the arguments he must overcome is the problem of anatomical analogy, raised by the Empiricists. Galen not only engages with this issue from an abstract point of view but, this dissertation argues, he engages with it through the narrative structure of his anatomical accounts throughout his work and especially in his procedural anatomical handbook, De Anatomicis Administrationibus. Historically, this treatise has either been ignored by scholars or studied as a technical treatise that lacks in artifice. This dissertation questions this approach and considers the argumentative role of Galen's anatomical exegesis in the debate over the explanatory value of anatomy in Greco-Roman medicine. It takes as one of its main focuses, Galen's accounts of elephantine anatomy. It argues that these accounts are governed by different norms of assertion, which do not place the same premium on accurate reporting of anatomical detail, from the surrounding anatomical narrative in De Anatomicis Administrationibus. To that end, it shows the need for a more nuanced reading of fachprosa, such as Galen's anatomical work, than these texts have historically received. / text

INTRODUÇÃO: Conhecer o perfil dos fisioterapeutas é o primeiro passo para dar início ao desenvolvimento de ações em busca do crescimento, reconhecimento e valorização da profissão. No Estado de São Paulo estão registrados mais de 34% dos fisioterapeutas brasileiros, é o Estado em que foi criado o primeiro curso de fisioterapia e que possui o maior número de universidades com o curso de fisioterapia em atividade. O curso de fisioterapia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) é o pioneiro no país. Já foi estudado o perfil do fisioterapeuta em outros estados, especialidades, universidades ou locais de trabalho específicos, porém não temos conhecimento do atual perfil do fisioterapeuta do Estado de São Paulo. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil do fisioterapeuta do Estado de São Paulo e do egresso do curso de fisioterapia da FMUSP segundo os aspectos demográfico, formativo e de atuação profissional. Como objetivo secundário, avaliar se há associação entre o tipo de instituição cursada, o local de trabalho e o ano de graduação com a renda salarial mensal. MÉTODO: Todos os fisioterapeutas inscritos no Conselho Regional de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da 3ª Região com pelo menos um ano de graduado foram convidados a participar do estudo que consistia em responder um questionário online (Survey Monkey®). Para assegurar a confidencialidade da identificação do profissional, o envio foi realizado pelo Crefito-3 e os questionários não exigiam identificação. Todos os dados foram analisados e foram apresentados em frequências absoluta e relativa. As associações foram analisadas pelo Teste de Qui Quadrado. RESULTADOS: No total 2323 fisioterapeutas participaram da pesquisa, provenientes de todo o Estado de São Paulo, sendo 110 graduados na FMUSP. A amostra geral consistiu em 80% de mulheres, 62% graduou-se entre os anos de 2001 e 2010, 83% graduou-se em uma universidade privada, cerca de 85% dos profissionais realizaram alguma pós graduação, sendo 66,7% pós-graduação lato sensu e 18,3% stricto sensu. As áreas de especialização lato sensu mais procuradas foram a ortopedia (12,7%), cardiorrespiratória (12,0%), acupuntura (10,5%) e neurologia (8,5%), porém 19,0% realizaram uma pós-graduação em uma área ainda não reconhecida pelo Conselho Federal de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, como a hidroterapia, geriatria, fisiologia do exercício e gestão hospitalar. Em relação ao stricto sensu, 10,8% possuem título de mestre e 7,5% de doutores. Dos entrevistados, 83,2% atua como fisioterapeuta e em 67,3% a fisioterapia é a sua única fonte de renda. O local de trabalho predominante é o atendimento domiciliar (35,4%) e a renda bruta mensal foi de acima de R$3.000,00 em 35,9% dos casos, sendo que os profissionais com mais tempo de formado ganham mais do que os graduados há menos tempo, e os que atuam em universidades são melhores remunerados. Trinta e sete por cento dos participantes estão parcialmente satisfeitos com a profissão, 98% atualizam-se participando de congressos, cursos e leitura de artigos científicos, apresentam baixa adesão aos sindicatos e associações de classe (15,8%) e somente 13% tinha conhecimento sobre o valor do piso salarial atual. O egresso da FMUSP apresentou como diferencial comparado ao perfil do fisioterapeuta do Estado de São Paulo, a maior dedicação à docência e pesquisa, maior atuação nas universidades, melhores remunerações e encontraram menores dificuldades na inserção no mercado de trabalho. Na análise secundária, não foram encontradas associadas entre a renda salarial mensal e o tipo de instituição, a atuação em clínicas próprias está associada a melhores remunerações e os graduados há mais tempo possuem melhores salários. CONCLUSÃO: A classe de fisioterapeutas do Estado de São Paulo é formada predominantemente por mulheres jovens, graduadas após 2001 em uma universidade privada, com pós-graduação lato sensu, autônoma, realizando atendimentos domiciliares, com renda mensal entre R$1.500,00 a R$6.000,00, estão parcialmente satisfeitos com a profissão, possuem a fisioterapia como única fonte de renda e mantém-se atualizados através da participação em congressos, cursos e leitura de artigos científicos / INTRODUCTION: To know of professional profile is the first step to start actions development to pursuit growth, recognition and appreciation of the profession. In Sao Paulo are registered more than 34% of brazilian physical therapists, is the state which first physical therapy course and has the largest number of universities with physical therapy course. The profile of physical therapist in other states or specific area has been studied, but do not know about the current profile of the physical therapist in the State of Sao Paulo. OBJECTIVE: To present the profile of the physical therapist in the Sao Paulo State according to socio-demographics, academic background, scientific and technical knowledge, labor Market and knowledge of current legislation. METHOD: All registered physical therapist in Crefito-3 with at least one year of graduate were invited to participate in the study that consist in to answer an online survey (Survey Monkey®). We did not acess to professional identification and only Crefito-3 sent e-mail to all physical therapist. All data were analyzed and organized in tables with absolute and relative frequences. Results: In total 2363 physical therapists participated in the survey from all over the state. The sample consisted of 80% women, 62% graduated between 2001 and 2010, 83% graduated from a private university, 85% of professional performed some post graduate, 66,7% lato sensu and 18,3% stricto sensu. The main areas of post graduate are orthopedics (12,7%), cardiothoracics (12%), acupuncture (10,5%) and neurology (8,5%), but 19% performed a post graduate not recognized by COFFITO such as hydrotherapy, geriatrics, exercise physiology and hospital management. Regardind the stricto sensu, 10,8% have a master\'s degree and 7,5% of doctors. Of the participants, 83,2% works with physical therapy and 67,3% had the physical therapy such their liny source of money. The predominant place of work is the home care (35,4%) and earn R$1500,00 to R$3000,00 by month in 34,4% of cases and professional with some years of graduation earn more than graduates less time and those who work in universities are better salaries. 37% of participants are partially satisfy with the profession, 98% updated through congress, courses an reading scientifics articles, low subscription in sindicates and class associations and only 13,8% known about current minimum income. CONCLUSION: The physical therapist profile of Sao Paulo State is formed predominantly by Young women, graduated after 2001 in a private university, post-graduation course, autonomous, works in home care and monthly income between R$1500,00 to R$3000,00, are partially satisfied with the profession, the physical therapy as only source of income and remains updated through participation in conferences, courses and reading scientific articles

No description available.

Over two million new K–12 teachers will be employed in the United States over this decade. Current conservative estimates state that close to thirty percent of new teachers hired to fill these positions will leave the teaching profession within the first three years. This study was designed to obtain current information about accredited teacher credentialing institutions with regards to how they affect teacher longevity in the teaching profession. Utilizing current research as a guide for determining what is needed to bolster the new teacher's ability to cope with the demands of the classroom, this research polled credentialing institutions in the state of California to determine if the elements existed within their programs. This study then presented the findings from the researcher created survey, the review of course catalogues, and follow-up interviews conducted for clarification. This research found that while ninety percent of the responses from the returned surveys agreed that teacher preparation programs do have a responsibility to affect teacher retention there are elements within all current programs surveyed that are missing.