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Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1992. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-126).

This study examined features of deep pool (>0.8 m mean depth) used by adult summer steelhead in Steamboat Creek (1991-1992). Steamboat Creek had a heterogenous thermal profile, with some segments exceeding preferred temperature of steelhead. Deep pools were scarce (4% of the total habitat units) and 39% of them were identified as cool pools (mean bottom water temperature [less than or equal to] 19°C). Adult summer steelhead were found primarily in deep pools, avoiding other habitats (glides, riffles) and even cold but shallow tributary junctions. Use of odds ratio showed that use of cool pools use was estimated to be 11 times greater than the odds of the use of warm pools (P <0.001). Discriminant analysis identified mean bottom pool water temperature, riparian forest at the pool bank, proportion of large boulders, maximum length and mean depth as the best subset of variables that accounted for differences between pools occupied and not occupied by adult steelhead. A total of 69% of the variation was explained by differences in used and not used groups. Classification accuracy was 89%. Canton Creek, a tributary of Steamboat Creek, were tested as validation site for the derived model, observing that the classification function performed moderately, achieving a hit-ratio of 0.7. Results of the study showed that, since bottom pool temperature was a major factor but other ecological factors were also relevant, an integrated framework would be required in determining pool used by this species. Moderate success of the predictive model suggests that managers will want to check it before applying in other basins. / Graduation date: 1995

I used on-site interviews and angler counts to estimate angler effort, catch and harvest rates, and total catch and total harvest. On the Smith River, angling pressure per km was most intense in the special management area, with most use occurring on weekend days. Anglers harvested approximately 90% of the rainbow trout they caught, and 63% of the rainbow trout stocked during the study period. Anglers harvested only 5% of the brown trout they caught. Philpott Reservoir was overwhelmingly a nonconsumptive black bass fishery (anglers harvested only 9% of the black bass they caught). I also estimated net economic value of both fisheries using the travel cost method (TCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM). In addition to estimating net economic value for the fisheries under current fishing conditions, I also explored changes in economic value under different fishing scenarios and alternative flow regimes. On the Smith River, doubling an angler's chance of catching a large trout (> 16 in.) had the highest net economic value of any scenario in all three river sections. The wild trout scenario had the highest net economic value in the special management area. On Philpott Reservoir, doubling an angler's chance of catching a black bass had the highest net economic value. Total economic value (including angler expenditures) of both fisheries was $656,140, only $13,000 less than the value of power produced at Philpott Dam during Fiscal Year 1995. / Master of Science

A catch-related attitude measurement scale is used for discerning an angler’s evaluation of catching fish in four constructs (catching something, catching numbers, catching large fish, and retaining fish) in two studies. The first study was of resident (in-state) and nonresident (out-of-state) anglers at Sardis and Grenada reservoirs and the second was of hand grabblers and rod and reel catfish anglers. In the first study at Sardis Reservoir, there were no differences in catch-related attitudes between groups. At Grenada Reservoir, there were differences between groups toward catching large fish and retaining fish. In the second study, hand grabblers had stronger attitudes toward catching large fish than rod and reel catfish anglers but rod and reel catfish anglers had stronger attitudes toward catching numbers. Knowledge of catch-related attitudes can lead to more palatable regulations that enhance angler satisfaction and ultimately retain and recruit new and lapsed anglers.

Populations of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, were evaluated from five pit-lakes in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, to determine if accurate proportional stock density (PSD) data can be obtained from a mandatory creel survey. It was hypothesized that the proportion of stock-to-quality (300-400mm) and quality (+400mm) largemouth bass from four years (2007-2010) of creel survey data would be statistically similar to those generated through on-site sampling in 2011. Fish were collected via a combination of gill netting, seining, hook-and-line fishing, and boat-mounted electro-fishing. In two of the pit-lakes, the sampling-generated length frequency data was not significantly different from the creel survey data (Pump Gadj[1]=0.03, P=0.8629, Goose Gadj[1]=0.76, P=0.3850). There were significant differences between creel and sampling data for the other pit-lakes (Big Reno Gadj[1]=5.74 P=0.0166, Airstrip Gadj[1]=14.3 P=0.0002, Lime Gadj[1]=9.81 P=0.0017). At least one of the lakes likely demonstrated significances because of low sample size (Airstrip and/or Lime). Changes in population structure due to modified harvest regulations may be responsible for the significant differences (Big Reno and Lime). Population structures were verified with relative weight, length-at-age, and an assessment of five years of largemouth bass and bluegill PSD data. It appears that creel survey data does accurately reflect that of simple sampling techniques and can help guide management decisions.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise examine la création aux États-Unis du Committee on Public Information (CPI) et son implantation en Europe, et analyse la relation qui s’établit entre son directeur, George Creel, et le président Woodrow Wilson. Les archives mobilisées pour cette recherche sont des lettres et documents, datés de 1916 à 1920, issus des Woodrow Wilson Papers déposés à la Library of Congress de Washington. Au moment de l’entrée en guerre des États-Unis en avril 1917, le gouvernement — suivant un courant de pensée émergeant au XIXe siècle sur le pouvoir de l’opinion publique — prend conscience de l’importance de maintenir un engouement pour la guerre auprès de sa population, ce qui mène à la création du CPI. Ce comité de « propagande » n’a pas originellement vocation à déborder des frontières américaines. Ce n’est qu’après la révolution en Russie à l’automne 1917 et face à la peur de voir cet allié sortir de la guerre que prend forme l’idée d’exporter les valeurs démocratiques américaines et les idées wilsoniennes dans le monde afin de gardées mobilisées les populations alliées et préparer le terrain pour l’après-guerre. Loin de se restreindre à la Russie, le comité étend son travail aux autres pays de l’Entente et aux neutres, avec comme objectif d’atteindre éventuellement les populations des empires centraux. L’analyse des échangés entre le président et George Creel met en lumière la collaboration étroite entre les deux hommes et la relation d’interdépendance qui s’établit entre eux au cours de la guerre. Le CPI trouve dans le président un soutien précieux afin d’affirmer son autorité et ainsi atteindre un plus grand public, malgré les critiques acerbes provenant du personnel diplomatique en poste à l’étranger et méfiant quant aux objectifs et méthodes du comité. Inversement, le Président bénéficie d’une organisation dédiée à mettre en valeur ses idéaux en Amérique et dans le monde. Ce mémoire est la première recherche qui examine de façon globale l’œuvre du CPI sur le continent européen. / This master's thesis examines the creation in the United States of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) and its deployment in Europe, and analyzes the relationship that developed between its director, George Creel, and President Woodrow Wilson. The archives used for this research are letters and documents, dated from 1916 to 1920, from the Woodrow Wilson Papers in the Library of Congress in Washington. Upon the entry of the United States into the war in April 1917, the government - following a trend of thought emerging in the nineteenth century on the power of public opinion - became aware of the importance of maintaining enthusiasm for the war among its population, which led to the creation of the CPI. This "propaganda" committee was not originally intended to extend beyond American borders. It was only after the revolution in Russia in the fall of 1917 and the fear of seeing this ally leave the war that the idea of exporting American democratic values and Wilsonian ideas around the world took shape in order to keep the allied populations mobilized and prepare the ground for the post-war period. Far from restricting itself to Russia, the committee extended its work to other Entente countries and neutrals, with the aim of eventually reaching the populations of the central empires. An analysis of the exchanges between the President and George Creel highlights the close collaboration between the two men and the interdependence that developed between them during the war. The CPI found in the President a valuable support in order to assert its authority and thus reach a wider public, despite the sharp criticism coming from the diplomatic personnel posted abroad who was suspicious of the committee's objectives and methods. In return, the President benefits from an organization dedicated to showcasing his ideals in the United States and around the world. This dissertation is the first research to examine the work of the CPI on the European continent globally.

This thesis explores the development of a series of posters created by Howard Chandler Christy during the World War I era. During this time, Christy was a Department of Pictorial Publicity (DPP) committee artist commissioned by the committee chair, Charles Dana Gibson. The DPP was part of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) developed by the Woodrow Wilson administration to generate the propaganda necessary to gain the support of the American people to enter World War I. The CPI was headed up by George Creel, a journalist and politician, who used advertising techniques to create the first full-scale propaganda effort in United States history. American poster images of women during World War I represent an era when propaganda posters came of age. These iconographic interpretations depicted in political propaganda helped shape the history of the twentieth century. While exploring these portrayals of women, the observer looks through a historical lens to contemplate the role of propaganda in the American war effort, while considering the disparity between images of women and the reality of their experiences in the patriarchal society in which they lived. Howard Chandler Christy's war-related posters represented the gendered rhetoric of a social order that functioned under the well-established assumption that men and women both had their place in society based on gender-specific stereotypic characteristics. Women were central to propaganda posters from this era; their images were widely used in posters encouraging Americans to support the war effort. With few exceptions, these representations perpetuated traditional concepts of appropriate gender roles. Posters often used women as icons characterizing the nation in time of war. For example, a beautiful woman, with a backdrop of the United States flag or sometimes even dressed in Old Glory, suggested why the nation was fighting. Some posters explicitly used beautiful women to signify that America's honor was at stake and we needed fighting men to protect it. The poster art form spread rapidly during the early twentieth century, putting a woman in her place rather than challenging the historical circumstances that created the complex, problematic issues related to the visual representation. Reading these posters as cultural texts, it is apparent that women's images are central to gaining an understanding of the social norms and cultural expectations.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-22T17:45:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE FINAL Carlos Geraldo-PPGO.pdf: 10438439 bytes, checksum: 846645d0ef9edecba48513889f2c3692 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:45:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE FINAL Carlos Geraldo-PPGO.pdf: 10438439 bytes, checksum: 846645d0ef9edecba48513889f2c3692 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-29 / O campo magnético é uma fonte acessível de informação direcional passível de ser utilizada pelos seres vivos para orientação e navegação. Animais como mamíferos, aves, peixes, répteis marinhos, anfíbios, moluscos, insetos e crustáceos são sensíveis ao campo geomagnético. O presente estudo enfocou uma avaliação do efeito do campo magnético sobre peixes e crustáceos marinhos em condições naturais (área costeira) e sobre camarões Litopennaeus vannamei em condições controladas (laboratório). Os experimentos com peixes e crustáceos em condições naturais consistiram de sete a oito pescarias independentes, empregando-se armadilhas tipo covo distribuídos em cinco grupos de três a quatro unidades. Magnetos permanentes de 2000 Gauss em um raio de 2m foram fixados próximos à abertura de seis dos dezesete covos empregados. Ao final de cada pescaria os peixes e crustáceos capturados em cada covo foram identificados e contabilizados. Os níveis de capturas de peixes e crustáceos foram significativamente mais elevados nos covos com magneto. Dezessete espécies de crustáceos estiveram presentes nas capturas com os covos, dentre as quais as duas espécies mais frequentes foram Coryrhynchus riisei e Stenorhynchus seticornis. Trinta e duas espécies de peixes ocorreram nas capturas com os covos, com a espécie Haemulon aurolineatum (Xira branca) apresentando uma frequência de ocorrência uma a duas ordens de magnitude superior as demais espécies capturadas, principalmente nos covos com magneto. Ante este resultado, otólitos e tecidos da linha lateral, mancha ocelar, narina e área abdominal (controle) foram extraídos de cinco indivíduos jovens e de cinco indivíduos adultos de H. aurolineatum para investigar a presença de material magnético nessas estruturas. As amostras foram coletadas de indivíduos recém-capturados, secas em estufa e submetidas a medidas de ressonância ferromagnética (RFM) com uso de um espectrômetro Bruker ESP300E. Os espectros obtidos indicaram presença de material magnético nos otólitos, narinas e mancha ocelar e ausência de material magnético nos tecidos da área abdominal de todos os espécimes analisados. Nas amostras da linha lateral, a presença de material magnético pareceu estar relacionada ao desenvolvimento ontogenético, tendo sido detectado principalmente em espécimes adultos. Os experimentos em condições controladas foram realizados com camarões Litopenaeus vannamei considerando-se sexos e fases do seu ciclo ontogenético (machos e fêmeas adultos; machos e fêmeas juvenis e pós-larvas). Um par de bobinas circulares na configuração de Helmholtz, conectada a uma fonte regulável, foi empregado para a geração de diferentes intensidades (0, 25, 30, 35 e 40 μT) de campo magnético artificial uniforme. Os testes foram realizados de forma acumulativa e não acumulativa. No primeiro caso, um mesmo grupo de 15 camarões foi sequencialmente submetido aos cinco níveis de intensidade de campo magnético, com um intervalo de 24h entre exposições. No segundo caso, empregando- se novos grupos de 15 camarões para cada nível de exposição. Todos os testes foram realizados em triplicata. Os resultados evidenciaram a redução da atividade do L. vannamei quando expostos a campos de 35μT e 40 μT e sua paralisia total a campo de 40μT, assim como a preferência na ocupação do polo sul por fêmeas e machos adultos e juvenis e do polo norte por pós-larvas. / The magnetic field is a handy source of directional information that can be used by living things for orientation and navigation. Animals such as mammals, birds, fishes, marine reptiles, amphibians, molluscs, insects and crustaceans are sensitive to the geomagnetic field. The present study focused on an evaluation of the response of marine fishes and shellfishes subjected to an artificial magnetic field under natural conditions (coastal area) and under controlled conditions (laboratory). The experiments with fishes and crustaceans in natural conditions consisted of seven to eight independent fisheries employing creels traps distributed into five groups of three to four units. Permanent magnets of 2000 Gauss in a 2m radius were tied next to the opening of six of the seventeen creels employees. At the end of each fishery, fish and crustaceans caught in each trap were identified and accounted for. The levels of catches of fish and crustaceans were significantly higher in creels with magnet. Seventeen species of crustaceans were present in the catches with the creels, among which the two species most frequently were Coryrhynchus riisei and Stenorhynchus seticorni. Thirty-two species of fish were present in the catchs with the creels. The frequence of occurrence of the speciie Haemulon aurolineatum (Tomtate grunt) was one to two orders of magnitude higher than the other species caught, mainly in creels with magneto. Given this results, Otoliths and tissues of the lateral line, ocelar spot, nostril and abdomen (control) were extracted from five young individuals and five adult individuals of H. aurolineatum to investigate the presence of magnetic material in these structures. The samples were collected from newly captured individuals, oven-dried and subjected to measures of ferromagnetic resonance (RFM) using a Bruker ESP300E spectrometer. The spectra obtained indicated presence of magnetic material in otoliths, nostrils and ocelar spot and absence of magnetic material in the tissues of the abdominal area of all specimens examined. In the samples of the lateral line, the presence of magnetic material seems to be related to the ontogenetic development, having been detected mainly among adult specimens. The experiments under controlled conditions were performed with the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei considering different sexes and stages of their ontogenetic cycle (adult males and females; juvenils males and females and post-larvae). A pair of circular coils in Helmholtz configuration, connected to an adjustable power source was used to generate different intensities (0, 25, 30, 35 and 40 μT) of uniform artificial magnetic field. The tests were carried out in accumulative and non accumulative manners. In the first case, a group of 15 shrimps was sequentially exposed to the five levels of magnetic field intensity, with a 24 hours interval between exposures. In the second case, using new groups of 15 shrimps for each level of exposure. All tests were performed in triplicate. The results showed a reduction in activity of L. vannamei when exposed to fields of 35 μT and higher and their total paralysis to levels of 40 μT, as well as the preference in the occupation of the South Pole by females and males juvenils and adults and of the North Pole by post-lavae.