Proefschrift--Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1992. / Résumé en anglais.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Universität Freiburg im Breisgau. / Bibliogr. p. 448-479. Notes bibliogr.

Th.--Lett.--Paris 7, 1977. / Index.

Doctor Legum - LLD / The thesis draws on the author's own contribution to a co-authored text Wolhuter, et al, 2009), which was aimed at introducing students to the legal landscape pertaining to victims' rights in England and Wales. All the arguments presented and issues addressed in this contribution constitute the author's own work, and were developed without any form of collaboration with the co-authors. While the thesis incorporates the basic issues that arose for consideration in the author's contribution to this text, it goes beyond this contribution to develop a systematic framework for the recognition of enforceable victims' rights flowing from the overarching rules of EU law. The thesis explores the extent to which the entrenchment in English law of enforceable rights for victims of crime in general, and socially unequal victims in particular, will reduce secondary victimisation at the hands of criminal justice agencies. The absence of such rights in English law constitutes a significant lacuna in the state’s responses to victims, particularly in light of the recent recognition of enforceable victims’ rights in EU law. The thesis accordingly seeks to contribute to the generation of a victims' rights discourse in the UK, with the aim of encouraging the introduction of enforceable rights for victims. To this end, it engages in a comparative analysis of victims' rights in EU law, European human rights law and American law. It contends that the United Kingdom ought to agree to be bound by the Draft Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime (2011, the "Victims' Directive"), which will render the victims' rights enshrined therein directly enforceable in national courts. In addition, it considers each of the rights in the Framework Decision on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings (2001/220/JHA), and its prospective successor, the Victims' Directive, including the rights to information, respect and recognition, protection, participation and compensation, pointing to ways in which these rights may be given full effect in English law. In particular, the thesis advocates the recognition of active victim participation to empower victims in the pre-trial and trial processes. It maintains that the models of active victim participation in German and Swedish law, namely auxiliary prosecution and victims’ lawyers, reduce secondary victimisation, particularly for vulnerable victims of serious offences, and ought to be introduced in English law. The thesis also evaluates the position of socially unequal victims, namely women victims of gender-based violence, minority ethnic victims of racially and religiously motivated crime, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender ("LGBT") victims of homophobic and transphobic crime, and victims of elder abuse. It locates these victims within the framework of international and European human rights law, and recommends reforms to English law that would facilitate and enhance their exercise of the victims' rights that it advocates. The thesis concludes by delineating the contours of a victims' rights' model, which encompasses the recognition of victims' rights as enforceable human rights, the correlation of these rights with the right to freedom from discrimination, and the introduction of active procedural rights in the pre-trial and trial processes.

Orientador: Carmen Maria Bueno Neme / Banca: Maria de Fátima Belancieri / Banca: Tania Gracy Martins do Valle / Resumo: Trata-se de estudo que, em sua primeira etapa, utiliza o método documental-quantitativo e visa verificar, a partir da consulta de dados da Vigilância Epidemológica obtidosdo banco de dados do Sistema de Informação e Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) no período de 2009-2012, os índices de casos de mulheres em situação de violência notificados em Bauru/SP. Foram coletadas informações gerais referentes aos registros notificados no SINAN, identificando a tipologia da violência, os dados sociodemográficos, as consequências para a vítima e os encaminhamentos ralizados para órgãos de atendimento, apenas das mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. Os dados foram organizados, codificados e submetidos ao teste Estatístico Binomial. Na segunda etapa, realizam-se entrevistas com mulheres em situação de violência sexual visando investigar as vivências de quatro participantes referentes á violência sexual sofrida. Esta amostra foi obtida por meio de consulta aos prontuários do Centro de Referência e Atendimento da Mulher em Situação de Violência (CRAMSV), tendo sido identificados vinte e oito casos, os quais, submetidos aos critérios e elegibilidade do estudo, resultaram em sete casos e destes, quatro casos que puderam participar. As entrevistas foram realizadas individualmente, após convite e procedimentos éticos, utilizando-se o método de Bardin (1977) para a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas. Os resultados indicaram predominância de violência física, (60,89%), seguida de violência sexual (21,14%), sendo que a maioria das mulheres tinha idade superior a 18 anos, baixo nível de escolaridade, e apenas a minoria dos casos recebeu encaminhamentos adequados para a rede de atendimento municipal. Também se observou a inexistência de mecanismos de seguimento dos casos notificados. Evidenciaram-se importantes deificiências no registro dos dados dos casos notificados, obscurecendo a realidade da situação de... / Abstract: This is study, in first stage, uses documentary-quantitative method and aims to verify from the Epidemiological Monitoring of data query obtained from the Information System database and Notifiable Deseases (SINAN) from 2009-2012, rates of cases of women in situations of violence reported in Bauru/SP. General information regarding the records were collected notified in SINAN, identifying the type of violence, sociodemographic data, the consequences for the victims and referrals made to service agencies, only women aged over 18 years. Data were organized, coded and submitted to Estatistic Binomial test. In the second stage, carried out case studies in order to investigate the experiences of four participants regarding suffered sexual violence and consequences, as well as their perception of the aspects that contributed to the overrun or not this life event. This sample was obtained through hospital records Reference Service and Woman's Center on Violence Situation (CRAMSV) with thirty-two cases have been identified, which, subject to the eligibility criteria and the study resulted in ten cases and these four cases that could participate. The interviews were conducted individually after a call and ethinical procedures, using the Bardin's method (1977) for the analysis of the interviews. Results indicated predominance of physical violence (60.89%) followed by sexual violence (21.14%) and most women had the age of 18, low level of education and that only a minority of cases received appropriate referrals to the network of municipal service. We also observed the lack of follow-up mechanisms of the reported cases. Showed up significant deficiencies in the data record of the reported cases, obscuring the reality of the situation of violence against women, despite the notification by the SINAN. The conclusion is thus that the episode of sexual violence suffered by participants in this study showed physical and psychosocial consequences / Mestre

Identity Theft could be currently considered as a significant problem in the modern internet driven era. This type of computer crime can be achieved in a number of different ways; various statistical figures suggest it is on the increase. It intimidates individual privacy and self assurance, while efforts for increased security and protection measures appear inadequate to prevent it. A forensic analysis of the digital evidence should be able to provide precise findings after the investigation of Identity Theft incidents. At present, the investigation of Internet based Identity Theft is performed on an ad hoc and unstructured basis, in relation to the digital evidence. This research work aims to construct a formalised and structured approach to digital Identity Theft investigations that would improve the current computer forensic investigative practice. The research hypothesis is to create an analytical framework to facilitate the investigation of Internet Identity Theft cases and the processing of the related digital evidence. This research work makes two key contributions to the subject: a) proposing the approach of examining different computer crimes using a process specifically based on their nature and b) to differentiate the examination procedure between the victim’s and the fraudster’s side, depending on the ownership of the digital media. The background research on the existing investigation methods supports the need of moving towards an individual framework that supports Identity Theft investigations. The presented investigation framework is designed based on the structure of the existing computer forensic frameworks. It is a flexible, conceptual tool that will assist the investigator’s work and analyse incidents related to this type of crime. The research outcome has been presented in detail, with supporting relevant material for the investigator. The intention is to offer a coherent tool that could be used by computer forensics investigators. Therefore, the research outcome will not only be evaluated from a laboratory experiment, but also strengthened and improved based on an evaluation feedback by experts from law enforcement. While personal identities are increasingly being stored and shared on digital media, the threat of personal and private information that is used fraudulently cannot be eliminated. However, when such incidents are precisely examined, then the nature of the problem can be more clearly understood.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-03T17:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Yago Daltro Ferraro Almeida.pdf: 1600445 bytes, checksum: 7f4de32e7a0806f3fd748d55674bb061 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-03T17:02:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Yago Daltro Ferraro Almeida.pdf: 1600445 bytes, checksum: 7f4de32e7a0806f3fd748d55674bb061 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T17:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yago Daltro Ferraro Almeida.pdf: 1600445 bytes, checksum: 7f4de32e7a0806f3fd748d55674bb061 (MD5) / A presente dissertação busca analisar a possibilidade de aplicação das práticas restaurativas aos crimes transindividuais, em especial os crimes funcionais praticados por Prefeitos. Como cediço, a Justiça Restaurativa foi tradicionalmente desenvolvida para os crimes que derivam de ações humanas próximas e definidas e que atingem essencialmente uma vítima conhecida, concreta e individualizada, para os quais o sistema penal tradicional destina a tutela aos clássicos bens jurídicos. A mudança na conjuntura global, todavia, enseja novos desafios a serem enfrentados pela Justiça Restaurativa, notadamente em um contexto de surgimento de novos bens jurídicos, de cariz transindividual, e de eficientismo e pragmatismo na resolução dos conflitos penais oriundos do Direito Penal do Risco, pelo que de grande importância o estudo aqui proposto. Analisar-se-á, então, o novo papel assumido pela comunidade, que passa a figurar como interveniente direta no conflito e, consectariamente, como sujeito principal das práticas restaurativas, o que enseja o debate sobre quem dialogará com o ofensor (e a possibilidade, ou não, de representação), bem assim acerca da modalidade de prática restaurativa mais adequada à espécie. Por fim, o estudo será direcionado às especifidades dos crimes funcionais praticados por Prefeitos, analisando os aspectos dogmáticos, as dificuldades da proposta e os argumentos que pesam a favor da implementação das práticas restaurativas aos crimes objeto da pesquisa. A metodologia deste estudo terá um procedimento prioritariamente monográfico, de vertente jurídico-dogmática, e, no curso da investigação proposta, serão examinadas obras doutrinárias, nacionais e estrangeiras, concernentes à Criminologia, Direito Penal, Direito Processual Penal e Justiça Restaurativa, buscando, assim, um estudo que se pretende inserir na perspectiva interdisciplinar, com o tipo jurídico-propositivo de investigação. / This dissertation seeks to analyze the possibility of applying restorative practices to transindividual crimes, especially the functional crimes practiced by Mayors. As known, Restorative Justice was traditionally developed for crimes that derive from definite human actions and which reach essentially a known, concrete and individualized victim, for whom the traditional penal system assigns protection to the classic legal assets. The change in the global conjuncture, however, presents new challenges to be faced by Restorative Justice, especially in the context of the emergence of new juridical assets, of transindividual nature, and of efficiency and pragmatism in the resolution of the criminal conflicts arising from the Criminal Law of Risk, so the study proposed here is of great importance. Then, it will be analysed the new role assumed by the community, which figures like a direct actor in the conflict and, as a matter of fact, as the main subject of the restorative practices, which leads to the debate about who will dialogue with the offender (and the possibility, or not, of representation), as well as about the modality of restorative practice most appropriate to the species. Finally, the study will be directed to the specificities of the functional crimes practiced by Mayors, analyzing the dogmatic aspects, the difficulties of the proposal and the arguments that leads in favor of the implementation of the restorative practices to the crimes object of the research. The methodology of this study will be, primarily, juridical and dogmatic, and, in the course of the proposed investigation, it will be examined national and foreign doctrinal works concerning Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedural Law and Restorative Justice, seeking a study that intends to be inserted in the interdisciplinary perspective, with the legal-propositional type of investigation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:27:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841558.pdf: 1613021 bytes, checksum: 2657f7db84089237e0337ff1c40ba7c0 (MD5) / Trata-se de estudo que, em sua primeira etapa, utiliza o método documental-quantitativo e visa verificar, a partir da consulta de dados da Vigilância Epidemológica obtidosdo banco de dados do Sistema de Informação e Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) no período de 2009-2012, os índices de casos de mulheres em situação de violência notificados em Bauru/SP. Foram coletadas informações gerais referentes aos registros notificados no SINAN, identificando a tipologia da violência, os dados sociodemográficos, as consequências para a vítima e os encaminhamentos ralizados para órgãos de atendimento, apenas das mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. Os dados foram organizados, codificados e submetidos ao teste Estatístico Binomial. Na segunda etapa, realizam-se entrevistas com mulheres em situação de violência sexual visando investigar as vivências de quatro participantes referentes á violência sexual sofrida. Esta amostra foi obtida por meio de consulta aos prontuários do Centro de Referência e Atendimento da Mulher em Situação de Violência (CRAMSV), tendo sido identificados vinte e oito casos, os quais, submetidos aos critérios e elegibilidade do estudo, resultaram em sete casos e destes, quatro casos que puderam participar. As entrevistas foram realizadas individualmente, após convite e procedimentos éticos, utilizando-se o método de Bardin (1977) para a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas. Os resultados indicaram predominância de violência física, (60,89%), seguida de violência sexual (21,14%), sendo que a maioria das mulheres tinha idade superior a 18 anos, baixo nível de escolaridade, e apenas a minoria dos casos recebeu encaminhamentos adequados para a rede de atendimento municipal. Também se observou a inexistência de mecanismos de seguimento dos casos notificados. Evidenciaram-se importantes deificiências no registro dos dados dos casos notificados, obscurecendo a realidade da situação de... / This is study, in first stage, uses documentary-quantitative method and aims to verify from the Epidemiological Monitoring of data query obtained from the Information System database and Notifiable Deseases (SINAN) from 2009-2012, rates of cases of women in situations of violence reported in Bauru/SP. General information regarding the records were collected notified in SINAN, identifying the type of violence, sociodemographic data, the consequences for the victims and referrals made to service agencies, only women aged over 18 years. Data were organized, coded and submitted to Estatistic Binomial test. In the second stage, carried out case studies in order to investigate the experiences of four participants regarding suffered sexual violence and consequences, as well as their perception of the aspects that contributed to the overrun or not this life event. This sample was obtained through hospital records Reference Service and Woman's Center on Violence Situation (CRAMSV) with thirty-two cases have been identified, which, subject to the eligibility criteria and the study resulted in ten cases and these four cases that could participate. The interviews were conducted individually after a call and ethinical procedures, using the Bardin's method (1977) for the analysis of the interviews. Results indicated predominance of physical violence (60.89%) followed by sexual violence (21.14%) and most women had the age of 18, low level of education and that only a minority of cases received appropriate referrals to the network of municipal service. We also observed the lack of follow-up mechanisms of the reported cases. Showed up significant deficiencies in the data record of the reported cases, obscuring the reality of the situation of violence against women, despite the notification by the SINAN. The conclusion is thus that the episode of sexual violence suffered by participants in this study showed physical and psychosocial consequences

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-22T12:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000468737-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 2789479 bytes, checksum: 90f67a0129a7e15d97e465666335f2a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The Internet Privacy Concern - IPC is a study area that is receiving more attention nowadays due to the extensive amount of personal information being transferred through the Internet. The constant scandals of privacy invasion and espionage involving heads of state have brought more evidence for this discussion. This research addresses the topic Information Security, focusing on Internet Privacy Concern. The growth of Information and Communication Technologies usage has generated challenges for fundamental rights, namely: the right to privacy, freedom of expression and freedom of association. The large amount of personal information that is daily published on the Internet endanger those rights. Ensuring privacy on the Internet does not depend on exclusively protection technologies, but mainly of user awareness about the importance of understanding the risks they are exposing themselves and knowing the consequences of these risks. The aim of this research was to identify the degree of concern about the privacy among Internet users in Brazil, related to Data Collection, Secondary Use, Errors, Improper access, Control over The Information, Awareness, Trust and Risk, and to identify which piece of information users notice as more sensitive in relation to privacy. This research is based on theoretical studies on Privacy on the Internet, Privacy Concern and User Behavior, showing the evolution of Concern construct wi th the Privacy and indicate how users deal with their privacy. The data collection instrument employed in this study originated in the study of Smith et al. (1996), and has been improved by several studies up to the final version of Hong and Thong (2013). A descriptive exploratory survey was conducted aiming to identify opinions that are being manifested in the target population of this study, which are Internet users in Brazil that according to the IBGE survey (2013), totaled 77,7 million users. Data were collected in the five regions of the country, summing up 1,104 completed questionnaires. The results indicate a high degree of concern for the privacy of Internet users in Brazil, mainly in the South and South-East regions, which showed the highest concernment indexes. Among the information identified as sensitive are, in order of greatest concern, passwords, credit card number, checking account number and agency, bank balance, spending on credit card and overdraft limit. Among the less sensitive informa tion is sexual orientation, addictions, school where they have studied, date of birth and school grades. / A preocupação com a privacidade na Internet (Internet Privacy Concern - IPC) é uma área de estudo que está recebendo maior atenção recentemente devido à enorme quantidade de informações pessoais que trafegam na Internet. Os constantes escândalos de invasão de privacidade e espionagem envolvendo Chefes de Estado trouxeram maior evidência para o assunto. Esta pesquisa aborda o tema Segurança da Informação, com foco na Preocupação com a Privacidade na Internet. O crescimento do uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação tem gerado desafios para os direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos, quais sejam: o direito à privacidade, à liberdade de expressão e a liberdade de associação. O grande volume de informações pessoais que são publicadas na Internet diariamente colocam em risco tais direitos. Garantir a privacidade na Internet não depende exclusivamente de tecnologias de proteção, mas principalmente da conscientização dos usuários quanto à importância de entender os riscos a que estão se expondo e conhecer as consequências destes riscos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o grau de preocupação com a privacidade dos usuários de Internet do Brasil, relacionado com a Coleta de Dados, Uso Secundário, Erros, Acesso Indevido, Controle sobre as Informações, Consciência, Confiança e Risco, bem como identificar quais as informações os usuários percebem como mais sensíveis quanto à privacidade.A presente pesquisa está embasada teoricamente em estudos sobre Privacidade na Internet, Preocupação com a Privacidade e Comportamento do Usuário, que mostram o a evolução do construto Preocupação com a Privacidade, bem como indicam como os usuários lidam com sua privacidade. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado nesta pesquisa teve origem no estudo de Smith et al. (1996), sendo aprimorando por diversos estudos, até a versão final de Hong e Thong (2013). Foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória descritiva com o objetivo de identificar opiniões que estão manifestas na população objeto deste estudo, que são os usuários de Internet no Brasil que, segundo pesquisa do IBGE (2013), totalizavam 77,7 milhões de usuários. Foram coletados dados nas cinco regiões do país, totalizando 1. 104 questionários completos. Os resultados indicam um alto grau de preocupação com a privacidade dos usuários de Internet do Brasil, principalmente nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, que apresentaram os maiores índices de preocupação. Entre as informações apontadas como mais sensíveis estão, em ordem de maior preocupação, senhas, número de cartão de crédito, número de conta corrente e agência, saldo bancário, gastos com cartão de crédito e limite de cheque especial. Entre as informações menos sensíveis estão orientação sexual, vícios, escola onde estudou ou estuda, data de nascimento e notas escolares.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-27T02:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000471263-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 5599696 bytes, checksum: 93e122abb4c1860651d9b017ba2a8b5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This research analyses the phenomenon of informal film circulation on Internet, building a systematic orientation within the vast universe of distribution networks. Piracy is a cultural activity that corresponds to a range of collective interests of global dimension and relates to regulatory policies, critical intellectual property, civil disobedience, market, technological innovations participatory culture and informal economies. This study explores the relations between BitTorrent networks, cinema distribution and ciber-cinephilia, pointing to networks with hybrid nature, where informal and formal media converge, technical elements combine, niches and global cultures dialogue, moral sensibilities-relativize, speeches, daily practices and political actions are developed and where markets are transformed. We have shown that, within the space of unauthorized circulation, specialized distribution hubs have their own symbolic dimension, which manifest particular senses about cinema, under the influence of a movie buff and multicultural imaginary. / Analisamos o fenômeno da circulação informal de cinema na internet, oferecendo uma orientação sistemática dentro do vasto universo das redes de distribuição que se encontram às margens do mercado oficial. A pirataria é estudada como uma atividade cultural que corresponde a uma gama de interesses coletivos de dimensão global e se relaciona com as políticas normativas, a crítica à propriedade intelectual, a desobediência civil, o mercado, as inovações tecnológicas, a cultura participativa e as economias informais. Fazemos um recorte no universo de circulação informal para analisar, especificamente, a relação entre as redes BitTorrent, a distribuição de cinema e a cibercinefilia, apontando para o caráter híbrido dessas redes, onde meios informais e formais convergem, elementos técnicos combinam-se, nichos e culturas globais dialogam, sensibilidades morais relativizam-se, discursos, práticas cotidianas e ações políticas se desenvolvem e onde mercados se transformam. Demonstramos que, dentro do espaço não autorizado de circulação, podem ser encontrados centros especializados de distribuição com dimensão simbólica própria, que manifestam sentidos sobre o cinema, que se desenvolvem sob a influência de um imaginário cinéfilo e multicultural.