Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Evan C. Titgemeyer / Seven ruminally cannulated heifers approximately 225 kg initial BW were used in a 7 × 4 Youden square design to determine the effects of different levels of limonene on ruminal Fusobacterium necrophorum populations. Treatments included: 1) control, 2) limonene at10 mg/kg diet DM, 3) limonene at 20 mg/kg diet DM, 4) limonene at 40 mg/kg diet DM, 5) limonene at 80 mg/kg diet DM, 6) CRINA-L (a blend of essential oil components) at 180 mg/kg diet DM, 7) tylosin at 12 mg/kg diet DM. Each period included 11 d with 10 d washouts between periods. Samples were collected on d 0 (before treatment initiation), 4, 7, and 10 for measuring F. necrophorum by most probable number (MPN) method using selective culture medium. Results indicate that CRINA-L (P = 0.52) and tylosin (P = 0.19) did not affect ruminal F. necrophorum populations. Limonene linearly decreased (P = 0.03) F. necrophorum populations, and the optimal dietary concentration for limonene was 40 mg/kg DM. Limonene did not affect ruminal degradation rate of lysine, NH3 concentration, or VFA profiles in ruminal fluid. Limonene was useful for reducing ruminal concentrations of F. necrophorum. It may have potential to control liver abscesses, although further research will be needed to assess the effect of limonene under feedlot conditions.

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-29T17:28:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o_Mestrado_Raphaela_ (003).pdf: 1487803 bytes, checksum: 85e14999295df94278920f21e8362c4d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-09T11:35:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o_Mestrado_Raphaela_ (003).pdf: 1487803 bytes, checksum: 85e14999295df94278920f21e8362c4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-09T11:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o_Mestrado_Raphaela_ (003).pdf: 1487803 bytes, checksum: 85e14999295df94278920f21e8362c4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The increase of environmental pollutants sources directly affects the ecosystem and human health, mainly due to loss of soil and water quality. Among these toxic agents are included endocrine disruptors, which can cause changes in biochemical pathways and physiological changes in organisms. Studies with different forms of bisphenols, compounds present in many products of human consumption and the environment, had already demonstrated extremely adverse effects on behavior and gene expression of targets related to neural and endocrine systems during development. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is an excellent model organism for studying neurotoxicity, due to its advantages with respect to specific aspects of their development and a low maintenance cost when compared to other vertebrate model organisms. This work proposes the investigation of the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), its chlorinated derivatives and its substitutes (BPS and BPF), toxicological and behavioral parameters combined with characterization of its potential underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms such as cell death and proteins and gene expression in the nervous and endocrine systems. After the embryo and larvae were exposed to different concentrations of BPA and its derivatives, morphological analyzes and embryo survival were carried out, as well as behavioral tests of locomotion and cognitive evaluation of the larvae. In the concentrantion curve of the different bisphenolic compounds, no significant difference was observed in the survival, teratogenesis and hatching of the animals, however, a significant increase was detected in the exploratory parameters of the BPA and BPF groups. When comparing the aversive behavior of the BPA with the DMSO, there was no statistical difference between the groups, whereas in the BPS an improvement in the escape response of the larvae occurred. Additionally, behavioral and locomotor activity analyzes will be performed in adult animals previously treated with the compounds studied during the initial development. In this way, it is expected to contribute to the current knowledge of neurotoxicity mechanisms related to endocrine disruption caused by contaminants of the bisphenol family. / O crescimento das fontes de poluentes ambientais afeta diretamente o ecossistema e a sa?de humana, principalmente devido ? perda da qualidade do solo e da ?gua. Entre estes agentes t?xicos, est?o inclu?dos os disruptores end?crinos, os quais podem acarretar diversas mudan?as em vias bioqu?micas e altera??es fisiol?gicas em organismos. Estudos com diferentes formas de bisfen?is, compostos presentes em diversos produtos de consumo humano e inclusive no ambiente devido ? contamina??o por efluentes industriais, j? apresentaram efeitos extremamente nocivos na regula??o da express?o de genes relacionados ao sistema neural e end?crino durante o desenvolvimento, al?m de altera??es comportamentais severas. O zebrafish, Danio rerio, ? um excelente organismo modelo para estudar neurotoxicidade, uma vez que possui vantagens em rela??o a aspectos espec?ficos do seu desenvolvimento e um custo reduzido de manuten??o quando comparado a outros vertebrados modelos. Este projeto prop?s o estudo dos efeitos do bisfenol A (BPA), seus derivados clorados e substitutivos (BPS e BPF), sobre par?metros de embriotoxicidade e comportamento, buscando tamb?m caracterizar os mecanismos celulares e moleculares dos potenciais efeitos observados avaliando morte celular e n?veis de prote?nas e express?o de genes alvos em embri?es e larvas de zebrafish. Para tanto, ap?s a exposi??o dos embri?es e larvas a diferentes concentra??es de BPA e seus derivados, foram realizadas an?lises morfol?gicas e sobreviv?ncia dos embri?es; ensaios comportamentais de locomo??o e avalia??o cognitiva das larvas. Ao realizar a curva de concentra??o dos diferentes compostos bisfen?licos, n?o foi observada diferen?a significativa na sobreviv?ncia, teratog?nese e eclos?o dos animais, por?m, ao analisar o comportamento explorat?rio dos animais tratados com BPA e BPF foi detectado um aumento significativo nos par?metros explorat?rios das larvas. Ao compararmos o comportamento aversivo do BPA com o controle tratado com o ve?culo DMSO, n?o existiu diferen?a estat?stica entre os grupos, enquanto no BPS ocorreu uma melhora na resposta de escape das larvas. Adicionalmente, ser?o realizadas an?lises comportamentais e de atividade locomotora em animais adultos previamente tratados com os compostos estudados durante o desenvolvimento inicial. Desta forma, espera-se contribuir para o conhecimento atual dos mecanismos de neurotoxicidade relacionados ? disrup??o end?crina causada por contaminantes da fam?lia dos bisfen?is.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-11-12T13:25:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaGraceNogueiraSerafimDeMelo_TESE.pdf: 883507 bytes, checksum: 1570076225211b8059c27219479b612f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-11-13T13:54:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaGraceNogueiraSerafimDeMelo_TESE.pdf: 883507 bytes, checksum: 1570076225211b8059c27219479b612f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-13T13:54:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaGraceNogueiraSerafimDeMelo_TESE.pdf: 883507 bytes, checksum: 1570076225211b8059c27219479b612f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20 / Os programas de transfer?ncia condicionada de renda est?o disseminados em pa?ses em desenvolvimento na Am?rica Latina com ?nfase no Brasil como um novo paradigma nas pol?ticas sociais para erradica??o da pobreza. Consistem no repasse de recusros monet?rios de renda do governo diretamente para familias pobres mediante cumprimento das condicionalidades em educa??o e sa?de. Na sa?de, memos com vari??oes entre os pa?ses as condicionalidades tem como p?blico alvo gestantes e crian?as com vistas ? redu??o de indicadores de sa?de da crian?a, como cescimento e desenvolvimento, mortalidade infantil e incemento do pr?-natal. Os objetivos deste trabalho s?o comparar o programa de transferencia condicionada de renda brasileiro, o Bolsa Familia e os programas semelhantes na Am?rica Latina em rela??o aos seus efeitos no crescimento e desenvolvimento de crian?as at? 7 anos de idade e avaliar a prevalencia das condicionalidades em sa?de da mulher e da crian?a entre usu?rias dos servi?os de sa?de brasileiros cujas equipes aderiram ao Programa de Acesso e Qualidade da Aen??o B?sica (PMAQ). Para o primeiro objetivo foi realizada uma revis?o sistem?tica onde selecionaram-se dez artigos entre mais de mil encontrados nas bases de dados Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo e Lilacs. Os artigos s?o estudos epidemiol?gicos observacionais dos tipos descritivos transversais e anal?ticos de coorte e casos-controle. Para o estudo de prevalencia, an?lise estat?stica utilizou a regress?o de Poisson com vari?ncia robusta para investigar como a preval?ncia do cumprimento das condicionalidades na ?rea de sa?de foi influenciada pelas diversas vari?veis explicativas. Foram estimadas raz?es de preval?ncias brutas e ajustadas, com seus respectivos intervalos de confian?a de 95%. O cadastro no programa bolsa fam?lia foi considerado como principal vari?vel de exposi??o. As vari?veis de confundimento foram: idade da m?e, escolaridade, ra?a/cor, saber ler, viver sozinha e regi?o de moradia. Na an?lise dos dados foi utilizado o software R 3.0.1 (RDevelopment Core Team, 2013).Em rela??o a compara??o do Bolsa Familia com demais programas da Am?rica Latina, a revis?o mostrou resultados semelhantes quanto ao efeito positivo dos programas de transfer?ncia de renda no estado nutricional de crian?as benefici?rias, sendo que estes efeitos s?o mais evidenciados em crian?as menores de dois anos de idade, bem como pertencentes ?s fam?lias de mais baixo n?vel socioecon?mico. Para a prevalencia das condicionalidades entres os diferentes grupos de usu?rias do Bolsa Fam?lia e n?o usu?rias Os resultados apontaram que n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica significativa entre respondentes (com filhos menores de dois anos) cadastrados e n?o cadastrados no PBF quanto ?s quest?es referentes aos seguintes aspectos: cumprimento do calend?rio vacinal da crian?a, realiza??o de pelo menos sete consultas de pr? natal, realiza??o do acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento da crian?a e receber orienta??o da equipe de sa?de quanto a alimenta??o da crian?a. Conlui-se de um lado que aumento de renda m?nima para familias de exterma pobreza mostrou impacto possitivo na sa?de das cran?as no Brasil e Am?rica Latina. Do outro n?o confirmou, no Brasil, uma incremento das condicionalidades expressas numa utliza??o dos servi?os de aten??o b?sica por parte das usu?rias do Bolsa Familia. / The programs of conditional cash transfer are widespread in developing countries in Latin America with emphasis on Brazil as a new paradigm in social p olicies for poverty eradication . Consist of transferring monetary funds from the government directly to poor families by fulfilling the condition alities on education and health . In health, even wi th variations between countries , conditionality targeting public pregnant women and children with a view to improving health indic ators maternoinfantil as growth , infant mortality and prenatal care. The objectives of this study are to compare the transfer progr am conditional Brazilian income , the Family and similar programs in Latin A merica in relation to it s effects on growth in children , and to evaluate the effect of Bolsa Fam?lia in the prevalence of use of services ( conditionalities ) of prenatal care in Brazilian health services whose teams joined the Programa de Acesso e Melhoria da Qualidade da Aten??o B?sica (PMAQ - AB) . For the first objective a systematic review , we selec ted ten articles between 1007 ( one thousand and seven ) found in the databases Embase , PubMed, Scopus , Scielo and Lilacs databases was performed . Articles are ob servational epidemiological studies of transverse descriptive and analytical types of cohort and case - co ntrol. For the second objective, for it is a prevalence study , a statistical analysis using Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to i nvestigate how the prevalence of compliance with conditionalities on health was influenced b y various explanatory variables . Ratios , crude and adjusted prevalence , with their respective confidence i ntervals of 95 % were estimated . The family joined the sch olarship program was considered as the main expo sure variable . Confounding variables were: maternal age , race / color, paid employment , marital status and region of residence . In d ata analysis software R 3.0.1 (RDevelopment Core Team 2013 ) was used . Rega rding the comparison of the Bolsa Fam?lia with other programs in Latin America , the review found similar results regarding the positive effect of income transfer in the nutritional status o f beneficiary children programs , and these effects are more evident in children under two years old and belonging to familie s of lower socioeconomic status . For the prevalence of conditionalities entres different groups of users of the Bolsa Fam?lia and nonusers results showed no statistically significant difference betwe en respondents (with children under two years ) registered and not registered in PBF on issues relating to: me et at least six prenatal visits , meet and participate in health education activities . It follows from side to increase minimum income for families in extreme poverty showed positive impact on children's health in Brazil and Latin America. The o ther is not confirmed in Brazil , an increase in conditionality expressed in use of primary care by the user s of the Bolsa Fam?lia services.