Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntoniaLA.pdf: 1193148 bytes, checksum: 5c9beb2b74e12ec0751041721c9fe6cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / This work has as study object the representations that teachers have about literacy, and schooling, as well as their memories and their reading and writing practices in the formation process of teachers in rural areas of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. We focused our discussion in literacy practices constructed on language workshops, assumed as necessary for the teacher formation, the existence of a pedagogical context that allows developing the appropriate teaching action. These workshops aimed at creating a space of constant reflection and action. The corpus is composed of letters written by teachers in formation workshops and interviews emphasizing questions of literacy, schooling, memories and reading and writing practices. These teachers make use of literacy practices related to the plots which they belong to. This research is informed mainly by studies that discuss the Literacy (Street, 1984, 1995; Barton, 1998; Freire, 1978, 1980, 1990, 1996), focusing its political character and of inclusion to the literate world, the Social Representations (Moscovici, 1978) and the studies on genre as a discoursive practice (Fairclough, 2001). Methodologically, this research is of critical ethnographic nature (Cameron, 1992). The letters are disclosed as identity practices - pictures of life histories of the teachers. The analyses of the interviews, in turn, show the literacy multifaceted character, evidencing innumerable views on the phenomenon / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as representa??es que os professores t?m sobre letramento e escolariza??o, bem como suas mem?rias e pr?ticas de leitura e escrita no processo de forma??o do professor em assentamentos rurais do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Focalizamos nossa discuss?o nas pr?ticas de letramento constru?das em oficinas de linguagem, pressupondo como necess?ria para a forma??o do professor a exist?ncia de um contexto pedag?gico que permita desenvolver a pr?pria a??o docente. Essas oficinas objetivaram criar um espa?o de constante reflex?o e a??o. O corpus ? constitu?do por cartas escritas por professores em oficinas de forma??o e oito entrevistas versando sobre quest?es de letramento, escolariza??o, mem?rias e pr?ticas de leitura e escrita. Esses professores fazem uso de pr?ticas de letramento relacionadas aos assentamentos aos quais pertencem. Esta pesquisa ? informada, principalmente, por estudos que discutem o Letramento (Street, 1984, 1995; Barton, 1998; Freire, 1978, 1987, 1995), focalizando seu car?ter pol?tico e de inclus?o ao mundo letrado, as Representa??es Sociais (Moscovici, 1978) e os estudos sobre g?nero como uma pr?tica discursiva (Fairclough, 2001). Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa ? de natureza etnogr?fica cr?tica (Cameron,1992). As cartas manifestam-se como pr?ticas identit?rias retratos das hist?rias de vida dos professores. As an?lises das entrevistas, por sua vez, apontam para o car?ter multifacetado do letramento, evidenciando in?meras vis?es sobre o fen?meno

Le déclin du jeu extérieur dans le contexte urbain se manifeste sous forme d’une épidémie de sédentarisation, d'obésité et de dépression chez les jeunes. Il s’inscrit dans un contexte où, depuis la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle, les efforts des villes pour créer des environnements destinés à l’usage des enfants s’orientent principalement vers la production d’espaces ségrégués et fortement régulés. Aujourd'hui, certaines municipalités adoptent des objectifs d’inclusion et manifestent un intérêt à repenser la place des enfants et de leurs activités sur leur territoire. Ainsi, une meilleure compréhension des pratiques de jeu non structuré et des environnements qui les rendent possibles devient nécessaire. Cette recherche a été réalisée dans une approche d’ethnographie critique, dans la perspective d’une facilitatrice de jeu durant l’été 2021, au sein d’un camp de jour promouvant le jeu non structuré et risqué. Elle prend appui sur l’outil TOPO de cartographie comportementale, ainsi que sur des observations participantes. Menée dans trois espaces publics de Montréal, elle porte un regard critique sur les différents facteurs spatiaux et sociaux influençant le jeu des enfants dans la perspective du concept d’affordance. Elle discute l’influence des caractéristiques physiques de l’espace sur le jeu des enfants, l’influence de la perception du risque chez les adultes supervisant le jeu, les conflits avec les autres usagers de l’espace et l’influence de la gestion et de l’entretien de ces espaces publics, menés dans un souci de régulation et d’aseptisation. Cette recherche tente d’offrir un regard holistique et critique sur les conditions favorables au jeu extérieur dans le contexte montréalais. Elle met en lumière l’importance de la plasticité des lieux, des conventions sociales d’utilisation de l’espace et des « capabilités », pour une meilleure compréhension et un meilleur aménagement d’environnements propices au jeu. / The benefits of play for children are innumerable; however, we are observing a decline in outdoor play in cities, tied to a sedentarization, obesity and depression epidemic in young children. This situation is attracting increasing interest in academic and municipal contexts. Until recently, North American cities’ efforts were limited to the provision of segregated children’s spaces. Now that some cities are ready to rethink the place of play in our cities at a larger scale, it becomes important to better understand urban outdoor play and the environments making it possible. This master’s thesis is based on a critical ethnography conducted as a playworker in a day camp promoting unstructured outdoor play in three green public spaces of Montreal, Canada during the summer of 2021. It explores a variety of physical and social factors influencing children’s outdoor play from a perspective of affordances. It discusses the influence of space characteristics on play, the importance of supervising adults’ perception of risk, the conflicts with other users and the influence of different approaches to management and maintenance of public spaces. This research attempts to offer a holistic and critical view on the adequacy of public spaces in terms of facilitating play, in the Montreal context. It highlights the transgressive nature of play and its confrontation with everlasting regulatory practices of public space management. In an attempt to provide a better understanding of planning spaces that can accommodate unstructured play, it discusses the importance of plasticity of spaces, the social conventions around the usage of spaces and capabilities.

Chaque année de nombreux adultes font le choix de retourner aux études, notamment au sein des services de formation continue des cégeps. Ils y suivent des formations créditées menant à des diplômes reconnus leur permettant d’accéder rapidement au marché du travail avec des compétences renouvelées. Dans ce milieu, ces adultes se trouvent dans une nouvelle culture éducative différente de ce qu’ils ont vécu dans leur parcours scolaire initial. Du fait qu’ils sont plus âgés, souvent avec des responsabilités familiales, un capital scolaire et des expériences de travail variées, ces étudiants non traditionnels se distinguent des jeunes en continuité de formation, ce qui conditionnera leur nouveau parcours scolaire. D’autant plus que, pour ces adultes, le retour aux études constitue une rupture et une décision radicale eu égard aux conséquences socioéconomiques immédiates de ce choix. En plus de vouloir décrire et analyser les pratiques éducatives qui concourent à soutenir les parcours de formation et d’insertion sociale de ces étudiants, cette thèse veut, dans une perspective andragogique, décrire et analyser : comment l’expérience des étudiants et des enseignants influencent les pratiques éducatives; les dynamiques de reconnaissance dans le contexte de la formation continue chez les étudiants et chez les enseignants; et la manière dont les stratégies de mobilisation de l’autonomie et de la capacité d’apprentissage autodirigé des apprenants sont utilisées par les enseignants. Nous définissons l’andragogie comme une philosophie existentialiste et humaniste de l’éducation des adultes fondant une théorie critique qui vise l’émancipation et la réalisation de soi à travers l’éducation et la formation tout au long de la vie. Cette théorie place la personne au centre des préoccupations et fait de l'apprentissage un élément fondamental du devenir de l'individu et de son émancipation. Notre démarche de recherche est basée sur l’ethnographie critique de Carspecken (2013). Le travail d’enquête de terrain a été réalisé au sein d’un service de formation continue dans un cégep dans la grande région de Montréal qui accueille annuellement environ 1000 étudiants adultes. Son intégration à l’offre montréalaise en fait un lieu important de formation pour ces étudiants, notamment pour des individus qui ont des parcours migratoires, d’emploi et de formation variés. Notre enquête fut déployée en trois phases : d’abord nous avons observé les pratiques éducatives des chargés de cours en classe. Ensuite, nous avons réalisé des entretiens avec ces enseignants pour approfondir notre compréhension de leurs pratiques et obtenir leur point de vue sur l’éducation des adultes au cégep. Nous avons réalisé, de même, des entretiens avec des diplômés afin de connaître leur parcours et les mesures de soutien qui leur ont permis de réussir leur formation et leur insertion sociale. Finalement, nous avons réalisé des entretiens avec des étudiants actifs afin de connaître leurs parcours et contextualiser leurs expériences éducatives. Notre recherche a permis de brosser un portrait global des pratiques éducatives qui visent à soutenir les adultes dans leur parcours de formation et d’insertion sociale. Elle montre que, malgré les structures institutionnelles et le contexte des cégeps qui présuppose un modèle pédagogique, les enseignants de la formation continue inscrivent leur pratique dans le cadre andragogique tel que nous l’avons défini. De plus, nous avons constaté que c’est l’expérience antérieure des enseignants qui influence le plus leurs pratiques et conditionnent leurs actions en classe. Au début de leur carrière, c’est l’expérience scolaire antérieure qui domine, en effet, sur le plan de l’influence et après quelques années, c’est l’expérience de l’enseignement qui devient déterminante. Nous avons aussi montré que les parcours des étudiants sont riches et complexes, mais qu’ils sont majoritairement ignorés et méconnus des enseignants. Finalement, les résultats indiquent que le modèle pédagogique demeure prédominant dans les pratiques observées. Nous souhaitons présenter la formation continue collégiale comme un milieu éducatif et social légitime qui permet de soutenir les adultes dans leur projet de formation. À notre avis, celui-ci dépasse le simple cadre d’un retour sur le marché du travail, alors qu’il permet également aux individus de se transformer et de se réaliser sur plusieurs plans. / Every year, many adults choose to return to school, particularly through cégep continuing education services. There, they follow credited training courses leading to recognized diplomas, giving them rapid access to the job market with renewed skills. In this environment, these adults find themselves in a new educational culture, different from what they experienced in their initial schooling. Because they are older, often with family responsibilities, educational capital and varied work experience, these non-traditional students stand out from young people continuing their education, and this will condition their new educational path. All the more so as, for these adults, returning to school is a radical decision, given the immediate socio-economic consequences of this choice. In addition to describing and analyzing the educational practices that support these students' training and social integration paths. From an andragogical perspective, this thesis aims to describe and analyze: how students' and teachers' experiences influence educational practices; what are the dynamics of recognition in the context of continuing education among students and teachers; and what strategies for mobilizing learners' autonomy and capacity for self-directed learning are used by teachers. We define andragogy as an existentialist and humanist philosophy of adult education based on a critical theory that aims for emancipation and self-realization through lifelong learning. This theory places the individual at the center of its concerns and makes learning a fundamental element of individual development and emancipation. Our research approach is based on critical ethnography (Carspecken, 2013). The fieldwork was carried out in a continuing education department of a cégep in the greater Montreal area, which welcomes around 1,000 adult students annually. Its integration into Montreal's educational offering makes it an important training site for these students, particularly for individuals with varied migratory, employment and training backgrounds. Our investigation was deployed in three phases: first, we observed the educational practices of lecturers in the classroom. Next, we conducted interviews with these teachers to deepen our understanding of their practices and obtain their views on adult education at cégep. We conducted interviews with graduates to find out about their backgrounds and the support measures that enabled them to succeed in their training and social integration. Finally, we conducted interviews with active students to learn about their backgrounds and contextualize their educational experiences. Our research has enabled us to paint an overall picture of educational practices aimed at supporting adults on their path to training and social integration. Our research shows that, despite the institutional structures and the cégep context that presuppose a pedagogical model, continuing education teachers inscribe their practice within the andragogical framework as we have defined it. What's more, we've found that it's the teachers' prior experience that most influences their practices and conditions their actions in the classroom. At the start of their careers, previous school experience is the most influential, while after a few years, teaching experience becomes the determining factor. We have also shown that students' backgrounds are rich and complex but are largely ignored and misunderstood by teachers. Finally, the results show that the pedagogical model remains predominant in the practices observed. We wish to put forward collegiate continuing education as a legitimate educational and social milieu that supports adults in their educational project, which we believe goes beyond simply returning to the labor market, but also enables individuals to transform and realize themselves on many levels.

The multiliteracies pedagogy of the New London Group is a response to the emergence of new literacies and changing forms of meaning-making in contemporary contexts of increased cultural and linguistic diversity. This critical ethnographic research investigates the interactions between pedagogy, power, discourses, and differential access to multiliteracies, among a group of culturally and linguistically diverse learners in a mainstream Australian classroom. The study documents the way in which a teacher enacted the multiliteracies pedagogy through a series of mediabased lessons with her year six (aged 11-12 years) class. The reporting of this research is timely because the multiliteracies pedagogy has become a key feature of Australian educational policy initiatives and syllabus requirements. The methodology of this study was based on Carspecken's critical ethnography. This method includes five stages: Stage One involved eighteen days of observational data collection over the course of ten weeks in the classroom. The multiliteracies lessons aimed to enable learners to collaboratively design a claymation movie. Stage Two was the initial analysis of data, including verbatim transcribing, coding, and applying analytic tools to the data. Stage Three involved semi-structured, forty-five minute interviews with the principal, teacher, and four culturally and linguistically diverse students. In Stages Four and Five, the results of micro-level data analysis were compared with macro-level phenomena using structuration theory and extant literature about access to multiliteracies. The key finding was that students' access to multiliteracies differed among the culturally and linguistically diverse group. Existing degrees of access were reproduced, based on the learners' relation to the dominant culture. In the context of the media-based lessons in which students designed claymation movies, students from Anglo-Australian, middle-class backgrounds had greater access to transformed designing than those who were culturally marginalised. These experiences were mediated by pedagogy, power, and discourses in the classroom, which were in turn influenced by the agency of individuals. The individuals were both enabled and constrained by structures of power within the school and the wider educational and social systems. Recommendations arising from the study were provided for teachers, principals, policy makers and researchers who seek to monitor and facilitate the success of the multiliteracies pedagogy in culturally and linguistically diverse educational contexts.

Cette thèse étudie la scène théâtrale et ses transformations dans le contexte socio-politique de Téhéran entre 2009 et 2019 à travers le prisme de la spatialité (Lussault, 2007). Cette période se caractérise d’un côté par l’éclosion de nouveaux espaces de représentation de diverses natures architecturales, urbaines et institutionnelles et, de l’autre, par l’apparition de nouvelles formes d’investissement et d’appropriation d’espaces urbains à des fins théâtrales par les artistes et spectateurs. Pour interroger ces mutations, cette étude analyse trois cas– représentatifs du théâtre privé, du théâtre Off Stage et du théâtre Underground – à partir d’une approche théorique qui conjugue social production of space et social construction of space (Low, 2017). Ce faisant, la présente thèse démontre qu’au-delà des dimensions esthétiques et dramaturgiques, les évolutions de la scène théâtrale à Téhéran se traduisent surtout par un changement qui touche à la spatialité urbaine du théâtre. Cela se concrétise d’une part dans la transformation de l’agencement spatial du théâtre dans la ville et, de l’autre, dans les manières dont les relations et dynamiques sociales et politiques de la ville se spatialisent dans le théâtre. Du fait de ce double processus, et dans la conjoncture socio-politique tendue et changeante du Téhéran des années 2010, l’espace théâtral, jusqu’alors quasiment cloisonné et exclu de la sphère publique, émerge en tant qu’espace public. Il devient ainsi non seulement le lieu du politique, là où se rencontrent différentes forces politiques et sociales (Balme, 2014), mais aussi l’élément principal dans les dynamiques de pouvoirs entre elles. Sa production en tant qu’entité architecturale et urbaine, son occupation, son appropriation et même ses caractéristiques et frontières sociales, symboliques et discursives font alors l’objet de luttes, débats, négociations et interventions – parmi les plus tendus voire virulents que la capitale iranienne ait connus au cours de la dernière décennie – de la part des trois forces principales présentes sur le terrain :le pouvoir autoritaire et idéologique en place, les opérateurs économiques et financiers et les citoyens, en l’occurrence artistes et spectateurs. D’un côté, les forces politiques, idéologiques et financières dominantes mettent en place la privatisation du théâtre, qui est conceptualisée ici comme une stratégie spatiale (De Certeau, 1990). Elles régulent l’espace théâtral, sa production et son utilisation au moyen de multiples processus d’exclusion, d’uniformisation et de domination politiques, idéologiques et économiques. De l’autre côté, des citoyens déploient des tactiques (De Certeau), c’est-à-dire de nouvelles formes d’appropriation de l’espace en utilisant les brèches, incohérences et interstices dans la stratégie dominante. De ce fait, des espaces urbains produits, régulés et surveillés à des fins politiques, idéologiques, voire capitalistes, ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles formes d’agencies pour des artistes et spectateurs. Tantôt ces formes se traduisent par des actes de résistance, de lutte, de contestation (le théâtre Underground), tantôt par des négociations et des compromis (les théâtres privés) ou même par des contournements et des contre-expériences (le théâtre Off Stage). Cependant, quelles que soient la forme et les conséquences de ces interactions, celles-ci ouvrent des fractures dans l’ordre politique, idéologique et économique dominant la ville et son espace. Elles rendent ainsi possibles l’émergence et la survie de formes d’altérité dans la sphère et l’espace publics. / This thesis studies the theatre and its transformations in the socio-political context of Tehran between 2009 and 2019 through the question of spatiality (Lussault, 2007). This period is characterized, on the one hand, by the blossoming of new performance spaces of various architectural, urban and institutional natures throughout the city and, on the other hand, by the appearance of new forms of appropriation of urban spaces for theatrical purposes by artists and spectators. To question these mutations, this study analyses the three case studies – representative of private theatre, off stage theatre and underground theatre - from a theoretical approach that combines social production of space and social construction of space (Low, 2017). In doing so, the present thesis demonstrates that beyond the aesthetic and dramaturgical dimensions, the evolution of the theatre scene in Tehran results from a more significant change in the urban spatiality of the theatre. This materializes, on the one hand, in the transformation of the spatial organization of the theatre within the urban context and, on the other hand, in the ways in which the social and political relations and dynamics of the city are spatialized in the theatre. As a result of this double process, and in the tense and changing socio-political conjunctures of Tehran in 2010s, the theatre space, hitherto an almost compartmentalized space excluded from the public sphere, is manifesting itself as a new public space. Not only it becomes the political field where different political and social forces meet (Balme,2014), it also turns into one of the principal elements in the power dynamics among them. Its production as an architectural and urban entity, its occupation, its appropriation and even its social, symbolic and discursive characteristics and boundaries are then the object of struggles, debates, negotiations and interventions - among the most tense and even virulent ones that the Iranian capital has experienced in the last decade - on the part of the three main forces :the authoritarian and ideological power in place, the economic and financial operators and the citizens, in this case artists and spectators. On the one hand, the dominant political, ideological and financial forces are establishing the privatization of theatre, which is conceptualized here as a spatial strategy. (De Certeau, 1990). They regulate theatre space, its production and use through multiple processes of political, ideological and economic exclusion, homogenization and domination. On the other hand, citizens deploy tactics (De Certeau) that is, new forms of appropriation of space within the breaches, inconsistencies and interstices of the dominant strategy. As a result, urban spaces produced, regulated and monitored for political, ideological or even capitalist purposes immediately become the fields for new forms of artists and spectators’ agencies. Sometimes these forms take the form of acts of resistance, struggle, contestation (the Underground theatre), sometimes of negotiation, compromise (the private theatres) or even circumvention and counter-experiences (the Off Stage theatre). However, whatever the form and consequences of these interactions, they open up breaches and fractures in the political, ideological and economic order that dominates the city and its space. They thus make possible the emergence and survival of forms of otherness in the public sphere and the public space. / Doctorat en Arts du spectacle et technique de diffusion et de communication / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This dissertation interrogates the deficit assumptions about English proficiency of skilled immigrants who were recruited by Canadian governments between the late 1990s and early 2000s. Through the lens of literacy as social practice, the eighteen-month ethnographic qualitative research explores the sequential experiences of settlement and economic integration of seven well-educated Chinese immigrant professionals. The analytical framework is built on sociocultural approaches to literacy and learning, as well as the theories of discourses and language reproduction. Using multiple data sources (observations, conversational interviews, journal and diary entries, photographs, documents, and artifacts collected in everyday lives), I document many different ways that well-educated Chinese immigrants take advantage of their language and literacy skills in English across several social domains of home, school, job market, and workplace. Examining the trans-contextual patterning of the participants’ language and literacy activities reveals that immigrant professionals use literacy as assistance in seeking, negotiating, and taking hold of resources and opportunities within certain social settings. However, my data show that their language and literacy engagements might not always generate positive consequences for social networks, job opportunities, and upward economic mobility. Close analyses of processes and outcomes of the participants’ engagements across these discursive discourses make it very clear that the monolithic assumptions of the dominant language shape and reinforce structural barriers by constraining their social participation, decision making, and learning practice, and thereby make literacy’s consequences unpredictable. The deficit model of language proficiency serves the grounds for linguistic stereotypes and economic marginalization, which produces profoundly consequential effects on immigrants’ pathways as they strive for having access to resources and opportunities in the new society. My analyses illuminate the ways that language and literacy create the complex web of discursive spaces wherein institutional agendas and personal desires are intertwined and collide in complex ways that constitute conditions and processes of social and economic mobility of immigrant populations. Based on these analyses, I argue that immigrants’ successful integration into a host country is not about the mastery of the technical skills in the dominant language. Rather, it is largely about the recognition and acceptance of the value of their language use and literacy practice as they attempt to partake in the globalized new economy.

This dissertation interrogates the deficit assumptions about English proficiency of skilled immigrants who were recruited by Canadian governments between the late 1990s and early 2000s. Through the lens of literacy as social practice, the eighteen-month ethnographic qualitative research explores the sequential experiences of settlement and economic integration of seven well-educated Chinese immigrant professionals. The analytical framework is built on sociocultural approaches to literacy and learning, as well as the theories of discourses and language reproduction. Using multiple data sources (observations, conversational interviews, journal and diary entries, photographs, documents, and artifacts collected in everyday lives), I document many different ways that well-educated Chinese immigrants take advantage of their language and literacy skills in English across several social domains of home, school, job market, and workplace. Examining the trans-contextual patterning of the participants’ language and literacy activities reveals that immigrant professionals use literacy as assistance in seeking, negotiating, and taking hold of resources and opportunities within certain social settings. However, my data show that their language and literacy engagements might not always generate positive consequences for social networks, job opportunities, and upward economic mobility. Close analyses of processes and outcomes of the participants’ engagements across these discursive discourses make it very clear that the monolithic assumptions of the dominant language shape and reinforce structural barriers by constraining their social participation, decision making, and learning practice, and thereby make literacy’s consequences unpredictable. The deficit model of language proficiency serves the grounds for linguistic stereotypes and economic marginalization, which produces profoundly consequential effects on immigrants’ pathways as they strive for having access to resources and opportunities in the new society. My analyses illuminate the ways that language and literacy create the complex web of discursive spaces wherein institutional agendas and personal desires are intertwined and collide in complex ways that constitute conditions and processes of social and economic mobility of immigrant populations. Based on these analyses, I argue that immigrants’ successful integration into a host country is not about the mastery of the technical skills in the dominant language. Rather, it is largely about the recognition and acceptance of the value of their language use and literacy practice as they attempt to partake in the globalized new economy.