Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:11:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Nenhuma / Na esteira da recente desproporção da remuneração executiva e dos escândalos corporativos, alguns críticos têm reclamado que essa é excessiva. Outros têm reclamado que a remuneração não é propriamente atrelada ao desempenho. Adicionalmente, a tênue conexão entre a remuneração e o desempenho, tem levantado considerações a respeito dos propósitos dos executivos e a ineficácia dos mecanismos de governança corporativa, especialmente nos Estados Unidos e no Reino Unido. Consequentemente, a determinação da remuneração dos gestores tem emergido como uma questão de considerável importância na literatura de governança corporativa e numerosos estudos têm buscado identificar os mais importantes fatores que impactam na remuneração executiva. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é estudar os determinantes da remuneração executiva na América Latina com base em indicadores contábeis, indicadores do mercado de ações e características de governança corporativa (incluindo características do conselho e do principal executivo, e estrutura / In the wake of the recent runaway executive compensation and corporate scandals, some critics have claimed that the compensation of executives is excessive. Others have claimed that the compensation is not properly tied to performance. Furthermore, the tenuous link between incentive ompensation and performance has raised concerns regarding executive entrenchment and ineffectiveness of corporate governance mechanism, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom. Consequently, the determination of management compensation has emerged as an issue of considerable academic importance in the corporate governance literature, and numerous studies have tried to identify the most important factor impacting executive compensation. The aim of this research is to study the determinants of executive compensation in Latin America from financial accounting measures, stock market measures, and corporate governance characteristics (including both board and CEO characteristics, and owner

Listed property companies trading at a discount or premium to their Net Asset Value (NAV) is a widely recognized phenomenon. Previous research within this field has primarily applied OLS-regressions and is mainly focused on U.K. and U.S. markets. This study is the first to empirically assess discounts and premiums in Swedish-listed property companies. By applying a fixed effect model controlling for panel data, this study also expands previous work and contributes to more knowledge about company-specific effects. The study covers 14 Swedish-listed property companies between the years of 2008 to 2015. Two OLS regression models and one fixed effect model were applied on cross-sectional data. Overall, the results show that the size, reputation, portfolio concentration and debt to asset ratio of a firm are negatively correlated with discount to NAV. The overall market sentiment and stock volatility are positively correlated with discount to NAV. Moreover, the overall market sentiment in tandem with firm-specific factors is believed to significantly impact discounts and premiums. Board size, insider ownership, administration costs and cross-border investments were found to not have a significant impact on discounts and premiums. Last it was also found that discounts and premiums are not determined by within variations in the subject companies, rather it is determined by across variations in the firm-specific variables. / Noterade fastighetsbolag som handlas till rabatt eller premium av sitt substansvärde är ett känt fenomen. Tidigare studier har huvudsakligen fokuserat på data från Storbritannien och USA. De studier som gjorts har primärt varit regressionsmodeller av typen OLS. Den här studien är den första som kvantitativt undersöker substansrabatt och substanspremier i svenska fastighetsbolag. Vi applicerar också en regressionsmodell av typen fixed effect, där vi kontrollerar för paneldata. Därför kan denna studie ses som en utökning gentemot tidigare studier. Denna studie omfattas av 14 noterade fastighetsbolag. Datan som används sträcker sig mellan perioden 2008 till 2015. Generellt kan sägas att storlek, rykte, portföljfokus och skulder i förhållande till totala tillgångar hos ett företag är negativt korrelerade med substansrabatt. Vidare så visar resultaten tydligt på att aktuellt marknadsförhållande tillsammans med bolagsspecifika faktorer, spelar en stor roll för skillnaden mellan aktiekurs och substansvärde. Volatilititen i en aktie och det aktuella marknadsförhållandet är båda positivt korrelerade med substansrabatt. Styrelsens storlek, insiderägande, kostnad för administration och internationella investeringar har däremot inte någon statistiskt signifikant påverkan på rabatter och premier i svenska noterade fastighetsbolag. Slutligen kan sägas att nästan inga företagsspecifika effekter hittades. De faktorer vi konstaterar ha en påverkan på substansrabatter och substanspremier varierar över hela datasetet.

Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is a fact that development aid represents the single most important source of external finance for most developing countries. This study sought to answer an important question relating to whether aid has a positive impact on economic growth or not. There is much literature on the subject and the views are quite diverse. Using the World Development Indicators (WDI) data, a cross-section regression analysis was performed over a period of 16 years and existing literature on the subject was re-examined. Of importance, this study tries to understand what the determinants or triggers of economic growth are, especially in developing economies. The results show that, although no significant relationship could be found between economic growth and development aid, there is strong evidence that there is a significant positive relationship between economic growth and the important triggers of economic growth used in the study, namely exports and investments. These are important components for the growth of any economy. The implicit conclusion is that since these two components are being impacted positively by aid, it follows then that the link between economic growth and aid can be considered to be a positive one. These findings go against the critics of development aid who maintain that aid that is being pumped into developing economies, especially the African continent, is actually just going into a big black hole and could be used more effectively somewhere else. This study proves that this is not the case and donor countries need to intensify their efforts of providing aid to poor countries because they need it and it is actually making a difference. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is ‘n algemeen aanvaarde feit dat ontwikkelingsteun die enkel belangrikste bron van eksterne finansiering is vir die meeste ontwikkelende lande. Hierdie studie poog om antwoorde te vind vir die belangrike vraag of steun ‘n positiewe impak op ekonomiese groei het of nie. Daar is volop literatuur oor die onderwerp beskikbaar en die opvattings is uiters uiteenlopend. Deur die World Development Indicators data te gebruik, is ‘n deursnit regressie analise gedoen oor ‘n periode van 16 jaar en bestaande literatuur oor die onderwerp is weer ondersoek. Die belangrikste oogmerk van die studie is om te probeer verstaan wat die bepalers of snellers van ekonomiese groei is, veral in ontwikkelende ekonomië. Die uitslae toon dat, alhoewel daar geen beduidende verhouding gevind kon word tussen ekonomiese groei en ontwikkelingsteun nie, daar wel sterk bewyse is vir ‘n beduidende positiewe verhouding tussen ekonomiese groei en die belangrike snellers van ekonomiese groei soos gebruik in die studie, naamlik uitvoere en beleggings. Hierdie is belangrike komponente vir die groei van enige ekonomie. Die implisiete afleiding is dus dat, aangesien hierdie twee komponente positief beïnvloed word deur ontwikkelingsteun, dit volg dat die skakel tussen ekonomiese groei en steun ook as ‘n positiewe een beskou kan word. Hierdie bevindings is lynreg in teenstelling met die kritici van ontwikkelingsteun wat handhaaf dat steun wat aan ontwikkelende lande, veral in Afrika, gegee word, eintlik net in ‘n groot swart gat verdwyn en meer effektief elders aangewend kan word. Hierdie studie bewys dat dit nie die geval is nie en dat skenker lande eerder hulle pogings om steun aan arm lande te bied moet verskerp omdat hulle dit nodig het en omdat dit regtig ‘n verskil maak.