Thesis (M.A.)--Taiwan da xue. / Reproduced from typescript. Includes bibliographical references (2d group).

This thesis addresses the question of how the Mongol imperium’s patronage in combination with Quanzhen Taoist proselytism inspired the mural paintings and architectural forms of the Yonglegong永樂宮. The Taoist temple of Yonglegong was constructed during the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) on the site of the former residence of the Taoist immortal L? Dongbin呂洞賓. During the period of the temple’s construction from 1244 to 1358, the Quanzhen 全真order, to which the Yonglegong was affiliated, thrived under the Mongol imperium. Previous scholarship has emphasized the Quanzhen order’s autonomous and exclusive role in the formation of Yonglegong. An analysis of the development of the Quanzhen from its establishment in late Jin dynasty (1115-1234) to its rise to prominence during the Yuan suggests that it received significant imperial supports and thus was not wholly autonomous. The Quanzhen order’s development was intertwined with and propounded by imperial patronage. The Yonglegong’s status as one the three holiest patriarch halls of the order ensured its centrality as a showpiece of the Mongol-Quanzhen collaboration. This study explores the iconographic innovations of Chaoyuantu 朝元圖 (Paying homage to the Origins), a representation of the Taoist universe, a subject that existed in pre-Yuan art; and the Hagiography of L? Dongbin, a new category of Taoist imagery. These two mural painting programs show different modes of appropriation. In the Chaoyuantu, the Mongol imperium altered the scheme of depiction and inserted new iconography in order to register their claims over established traditions of representation. As for the depiction of L? Dongbin, prior to Yonglegong, the immortal was only represented in single scenes, not in a fully developed biographical narrative. The Hagiography of L? Dongbin represents arguably a new genre of narrative depiction that facilitated an alternative ideology. Such alterations are regarded in this thesis as evidence that illustrates the shared interests of the Mongol imperium and the Quanzhen order as they intersected. In comparison with the mural paintings, the Yuan dynasty architectural structures’ significance has not been adequately recognized in earlier scholarship. This thesis reexamines the implications of the architectural features’ parameters and the unique alignment of structures in the Yonglegong. As such this study acknowledges the Yonglegong’s multiple identities as a complex that serves both the imperial and religious interests. It also evaluates the extent to which the architectural structures directed the organization and presentation of the mural paintings they housed. Through the reclamation of Yongleong’s historical context, aligned as it was with a Mongol-Quanzhen collaboration, this study recognizes the larger significance of the temple complex. The Mongol imperium in combination with the Quanzhen order have given rise to a new formulation of Taoist mural paintings and architecture with new iconography, themes and modes of representation. / published_or_final_version / Fine Arts / Master / Master of Philosophy

周濤. / "2010年9月". / "2010 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-197). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Zhou Tao. / 摘要 --- p.i / 致謝 --- p.iii / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 引論 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 文獻研究綜述 --- p.5 / Chapter 三、 --- 論文理論框架 --- p.10 / Chapter 四、 --- 論文主題、論述結構與寫作目的 --- p.13 / Chapter 五、 --- 田野點的選擇及研究方法 --- p.19 / Chapter 六、 --- 論文的章節安排 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二章 --- 村落政治歷史與社會文化背景 --- p.26 / Chapter 一、 --- 秀巴村的政治歷史背景 --- p.26 / Chapter 二、 --- 工布藏族 --- p.30 / Chapter 三、 --- 親屬制度 --- p.33 / Chapter 四、 --- 宗教信仰與節日民俗 --- p.37 / Chapter 五、 --- 小結 --- p.41 / Chapter 第三章 --- 生態環境與畜牧業 --- p.43 / Chapter 一、 --- 秀巴村的自然生態環境 --- p.43 / Chapter 二、 --- 犛牛的分類及尋群管理 --- p.46 / Chapter 三、 --- 季節性游牧與高山牧場 --- p.53 / Chapter 四、 --- 谷地牧場與農業 --- p.65 / Chapter 五、 --- 小結 --- p.71 / Chapter 第四章 --- 國家、環境與氣候變暖 --- p.73 / Chapter 一、 --- 人民公社:小麥賦稅 --- p.74 / Chapter 二、 --- 國家林場:伐木工業 --- p.79 / Chapter 三、 --- 改革開放:發展藏豬養殖 --- p.82 / Chapter 四、 --- 西部大開發:發展生態旅遊 --- p.88 / Chapter 五、 --- 西藏氣候暖化及其影響 --- p.98 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結 --- p.100 / Chapter 第五章 --- 犛牛、市場與社會變遷 --- p.103 / Chapter 一、 --- 犛牛數量的增長 --- p.104 / Chapter 二、 --- 犛牛與牧民理性 --- p.114 / Chapter 三、 --- 犛牛的市場化 --- p.119 / Chapter 四、 --- 牧房私有化、「領地」與變遷中的草場遷徙 --- p.126 / Chapter 五、 --- 農田面積的減少與農業的邊緣化 --- p.133 / Chapter 六、 --- 村委權威的削弱 --- p.138 / Chapter 七、 --- 小結 --- p.140 / Chapter 第六章 --- 共用草場的管理機制及其終結 --- p.143 / Chapter 一、 --- 共用草場的管理機制 --- p.144 / Chapter 二、 --- 共用草場管理機制的終結 --- p.159 / Chapter 三、 --- Ostrom的共用資源共管理論應用與分析 --- p.162 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結 --- p.167 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論:環境、草場治理與國家話語 --- p.169 / Chapter 一、 --- 再論有機環境與資本主義構造的環境 --- p.169 / Chapter 二、 --- 國家與草場治理模式 --- p.175 / Chapter 三、 --- 國家話語:發展與環境保護 --- p.181 / Chapter 四、 --- 結語 --- p.184 / 參考文獻 --- p.186

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