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In this thesis, the dynamical system is used as a function on afinite group, to show how states change. We investigate the'numberof cycles' and 'length of cycle' under finite groups. Using grouptheory, fixed point, periodic points and some examples, formulas tofind 'number of cycles' and 'length of cycle' are derived. Theexamples used are on finite cyclic group Z_6 with respectto binary operation '+'. Generalization using finite groups ismade. At the end, I compared the dynamical system over finite cyclic groups with the finite non-cyclic groups and then prove the general formulas to find 'number of cycles' and 'length of cycle' for both cyclic and non-cyclic groups.

A Schur ring is a subring of the group algebra with a basis that is formed by a partition of the group. These subrings were initially used to study finite permutation groups, and classifications of Schur rings over various finite groups have been studied. Here we investigate Schur rings over various infinite groups, including free groups. We classify Schur rings over the infinite cyclic group.

Based on Cohn and Umans’ group-theoretic method, we embed matrix multiplication into several group algebras, including those of cyclic groups, dihedral groups, special linear groups and Frobenius groups. We prove that SL2(Fp) and PSL2(Fp) can realize the matrix tensor ⟨p, p, p⟩, i.e. it is possible to encode p × p matrix multiplication in the group algebra of such a group. We also find the lower bound for the order of an abelian group realizing ⟨n, n, n⟩ is n3. For Frobenius groups of the form Cq Cp, where p and q are primes, we find that the smallest admissible value of q must be in the range p4/3 ≤ q ≤ p2 − 2p + 3. We also develop an algorithm to find the smallest q for a given prime p.

In this dissertation, we explore the nature of Schur rings over finite cyclic groups, both algebraically and combinatorially. We provide a survey of many fundamental properties and constructions of Schur rings over arbitrary finite groups. After specializing to the case of cyclic groups, we provide an extensive treatment of the idempotents of Schur rings and a description for the complete set of primitive idempotents. We also use Galois theory to provide a classification theorem of Schur rings over cyclic groups similar to a theorem of Leung and Man and use this classification to provide a formula for the number of Schur rings over cyclic p-groups.

Sejam F_q um corpo finito com q elementos, e C_n um grupo cíclico de n elementos com mdc(q,n) = 1. Iniciamos nosso trabalho inspirados nos resultados de Vega, estabelecendo condições para que um código de F_qC_n tenha peso constante. Com tal resultado concluímos que um código de peso constante em F_qC_n é da forma {rg^ie | r em F_q, i variando de 0 a n}. A partir disto, determinamos a quantidade de códigos de peso constante de F_qC_n, e construímos exemplos de códigos de dois pesos em F_q(C_n X C_n). Em seguida, estabelecemos sob quais condições um código em F_qA, para A um grupo abeliano finito, tem peso constante. Analisamos também os códigos de peso constante em RG, quando R um anel de cadeia finito e C_n é um grupo cíclico de n elementos com mdc(n,q) = 1. Além disso, analisamos o caso em que os elementos de um ideal de RA, para R um domínio de integridade infinito e A um grupo abeliano finito têm peso constante. / Let F_q be a field with q elements, C_n be a cyclic group of order n and suppose that gcd(q,n) = 1. In this work conditions are given to ensure that a code in F_qC_n is a one weight code, inspired in the work of Vega. As a consequence of this result we showed that a one weight code in F_qC_n is of the form {rg^ie | r in F_q, i between 0 and n}. With this, we determined the number of one weight codes in F_qC_n, and constructed examples of two weight codes in F_q(C_n X C_n). After this, we gave conditions to ensure that a code had constant weight in F_qA, for A a finite abelian group. We also analyzed the one weight codes in RG, R a chain ring and C_n a cyclic group with n elements with gcd(n,q) = 1. Moreover, we analyzed the case when the elements of an ideal in RA, for R an infinite integral domain and A a finite abelian group, have constant weight.

Sejam F_q um corpo finito com q elementos, e C_n um grupo cíclico de n elementos com mdc(q,n) = 1. Iniciamos nosso trabalho inspirados nos resultados de Vega, estabelecendo condições para que um código de F_qC_n tenha peso constante. Com tal resultado concluímos que um código de peso constante em F_qC_n é da forma {rg^ie | r em F_q, i variando de 0 a n}. A partir disto, determinamos a quantidade de códigos de peso constante de F_qC_n, e construímos exemplos de códigos de dois pesos em F_q(C_n X C_n). Em seguida, estabelecemos sob quais condições um código em F_qA, para A um grupo abeliano finito, tem peso constante. Analisamos também os códigos de peso constante em RG, quando R um anel de cadeia finito e C_n é um grupo cíclico de n elementos com mdc(n,q) = 1. Além disso, analisamos o caso em que os elementos de um ideal de RA, para R um domínio de integridade infinito e A um grupo abeliano finito têm peso constante. / Let F_q be a field with q elements, C_n be a cyclic group of order n and suppose that gcd(q,n) = 1. In this work conditions are given to ensure that a code in F_qC_n is a one weight code, inspired in the work of Vega. As a consequence of this result we showed that a one weight code in F_qC_n is of the form {rg^ie | r in F_q, i between 0 and n}. With this, we determined the number of one weight codes in F_qC_n, and constructed examples of two weight codes in F_q(C_n X C_n). After this, we gave conditions to ensure that a code had constant weight in F_qA, for A a finite abelian group. We also analyzed the one weight codes in RG, R a chain ring and C_n a cyclic group with n elements with gcd(n,q) = 1. Moreover, we analyzed the case when the elements of an ideal in RA, for R an infinite integral domain and A a finite abelian group, have constant weight.

Current needs of human communication came to status, when most of transferred messages are considered as private and transition over non-secured communication lines in open form is not possible. That originated a lot of different methods for securing of messages and transfers in ciphered form. Two mainstreams were established, symmetric cryptography and asymmetric cryptography. Second of mentioned groups is based on usage of two information – keys, when one of then is broadly known and is public and second, well protected and private. Using a public key it is possible to establish a cryptogram of message, but for deciphering it is necessary to know private key. Asymmetric methods are based on mathematical problems, for which there is not an effective computing algorithm. This thesis are focused for asymmetric cryptosystems based on discrete logarithm problem, where ciphering of message using public key is very easy and quick, but deciphering without knowledge of private key is extremely time consuming process. Work describes a mathematical base of discrete logarithm problem, its’ properties and methods developed for solving of this problem. Descriptions of particular cryptosystems are given, i.e. ElGamal cryptosystem, Diffie-Hellman protocol and DSA. Second part of thesis is focused for web application developed as study support of discrete logarithm problem and of cryptosystems using this problem. It describes functional and graphical interface, work with it and options given to user working with application. Mentions also lessons for user which should help with understanding of described problems and practicing.

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