This study investigates the processes through which attendance at a community school affects the development of cultural and academic identities of Greek/Greek-Cypriot and Pakistani ethnic minority young people who live in the United Kingdom. The development of cultural and academic identities by community school students is a relatively underesearched and undertheorized area. The theoretical framework of this study draws on developments in cultural developmental theory (Valsiner, 2000a) and the dialogical self theory (Hermans, 2001 a) to understand the cultural and dialogical nature of the processes through which ethnic minority young people develop their identities in community schools. Both theories are influenced by dynamic perspectives on development and have tried to explain psychological phenomena in relation to the sociocultural context. Episodic interviews, drawings and group work were the tools for data collection and multiple perspectives (students', parents' and teachers') were investigated. This small-scale research took place in a Greek and a Pakistani community school. The pupils, both girls and boys, were adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. The findings suggest that the young people in both groups were moving towards multiple, hybrid identities through a dialogical negotiation of aspects of differences! similarities and belonging within their majority and minority communities as well as living in a multicultural society. This negotiation resulted in a multivoiced hybrid identity which emerged through a constant positioning and re-positioning within their communities and school contexts. For the participants in the Pakistani school this negotiation was a struggle shaped by issues of racism and religious discrimination. In this context, the Pakistani school mainly aimed to increase self-confidence and strengthen the students' sense of minority cultural identity, especially the religious aspect of it, whereas the Greek school mainly aimed to preserve the community's cultural identity which was considered to be threatened by assimilation. In both community schools, a strong academic identity was endorsed which had a double function -to foster the acquisition of both knowledge and skills relevant to community education and those relevant to mainstream and higher education. This study demonstrated the value of examining community schools within contrasting communities, and its findings have implications for Psychology and Education.

Nous ne sommes pas réalistes si on affirme qu’un locuteur peut parler ou maitriser une langue parfaitement. Il est vrai qu’un locuteur peut maitriser honorablement les règles linguistiques, pourtant cognitivement parlant, cela ne signifie pas trop. Les relations cognitives qu’on entretient avec les langues du monde dépassent la dimension linguistique amplement analysée aux manuels scolaires. Parler une langue veut dire être capable d’exister dans cette langue, en ce sens que son être y est inscrit. On est dirigé par son intuition linguistique pour s’exprimer spontanément et conformément au génie de cette langue. Toutefois, toutes les relations cognitives qu’on entretient avec les langues du monde, sont assujettis au temps et aux circonstances de vie; elles peuvent soit évoluer, détériorer mais toujours se modifier. En ce sens, le locuteur est un locuteur inachevé, un être inachevé, perfectible à l’infini. Ceci est une des principes du cadre théorique que nous adoptons à cette thèse; la théorie de la néoténie linguistique. Il s’agit d’une étude scientifique des langues et de leur appropriation par les locuteurs, dans laquelle la dichotomie, faits de langue/faits d’appropriation y sont traités comme une entité.Dans cette étude nous utilisons le cade théorique de la néoténie linguistique et en adoptant ses termes et notions, nous examinons le cas intéressent du locuteur chypriote-grec. Un locuteur dont le paysage linguistique est au moins compliqué. La première (chronologiquement) langue de ce locuteur est le dialecte chypriote-grec, mais puis pendant sa scolarisation on doit s’exprimer et écrire en grec moderne. Certains locuteurs affirment que dans leur vie quotidienne ils parlent le grec moderne, des autres le chypriote-grec et en même temps les chercheurs semblent être indécis sur ce sujet. À cela s’ajoute la présence de facto du moins trois encore langues; l’anglais, le français et le turc. Avec la théorie de la néoténie linguistique, nous essayons de fournir d’attribuer nous aussi à la divergence du parler local du grec moderne et d’examiner les relations cognitives de ses locuteurs avec les langues trouvées dans leur environnement linguistique. / It is not realistic to claim that a speaker can use a language perfectly or that he /she has an excellent knowledge of whichever language, like many speakers like to claim when asked. It is true that a speaker may have some excellent linguistic skills, however cognitively speaking, this doesn’t say much. The cognitive relations that we maintain with the world’s languages are far beyond the linguistic dimension, excessively found in textbooks. Speaking a language means being able to exist in that language, in the sense that our being is there registered. We are led by our linguistic intuition to express ourselves and we do it spontaneously with respect to each language’s boundaries. However, all cognitive and linguistic relations we maintain with the world’s languages are subject to be modified in time; either evolve, deteriorate but they always change, that depends on the life’s circumstances. In that sense the speaker is considered an uncompleted being that is perfectible ad infinitum. This is one of the principles that advocates the theoretical framework that we adopt in this study. The theory of linguistic neoteny is a scientific study of the languages and their appropriation by the speakers, where the dichotomy linguistic events / appropriation facts is not considered as two entities but as one.In this study, using the theoretical framework of linguistic neoteny and adopting some new terms and concepts, we examine the interesting case of the Greek Cypriot speaker. A speaker, whose linguistic landscape, is at least complicated. These speakers’ first (chronologically) language is the Greek Cypriot dialect, but then with the school enrollment they have to speak and write in Modern Greek. Some speakers claim that in their everyday life, they speak Greek, some others that they speak Cypriot, while researchers also seem to be undecided. To this is added the de facto presence of at least another three languages in this speaker’s linguistic environment; English, French and Turkish. Using the theory of linguistic neoteny we seek to provide some evidence concerning the divergence of the dialect from the Modern Greek language and examine the cognitive relations the Greek Cypriot speakers maintain with all the languages found in their linguistic environment.

The aim of this final thesis is the evaluation of the current situation in the area of sustainable development of tourism in Cyprus. The thesis is structured into several chapters. First of them describes the sustainable development in general, it presents beside other things the forms of so called gentle tourism and the principles and pillars it is based on. The second chapter describes the countrys geography, history, economical situation, environment and infrastructure. Another part presents Cyprus as a destination of tourism, with its attractiveness and differences related to the geopolitical situation. It also describes the incoming and domestic tourism. The last chapter analyses the permanent sustainability of tourism development in Cyprus. It contains also the final evaluation of the current situation based on the use of relevant indicators of sustainable development of tourism and the use of the created SWOT analysis.

<p>This paper emphasizes the nature of trade relations in the EasternMediterranean in general and from a Levantine inland perspective inparticular. The ‘maritime’ trade relation of the ancient city of Hazor, located in the interior of LB Canaan is a case study investigating the Mycenaean and Cypriot pottery on the site. The influx of these vessels peaked during LB IIA. The distribution and types of this pottery at Hazorpoint to four interested groups that wanted it. These were the royal andreligious elites; the people in Area F; the religious functionaries of theLower City; and the craftsmen of Area C. The abundance of imports inArea F, among other evidence, indicates that this area might havecontained a trading quarter from where the imports were distributed toother interested groups.A model of ‘interregional interaction networks’, which is a modified world systems approach, is used to describe the organization of trade connections between the Levant, Cyprus and the Aegean and even beyond. The contents of the Ulu Burun and Cape Gelidonya ships, wrecked on the coast of south Turkey, show that luxury items were traded from afar through Canaan via the coastal cities overseas to the Aegean.Such long-distance trade with luxury goods requires professional traders familiar with the risks and security measures along the routes and with the knowledge of value systems and languages of diverse societies. These traders established networks along main trade routes and settled in trading quarters in particular node cities. The paper suggests that Hazor, as one of the largest cities in Canaan, located along the main trade routes, possessed such a node position. In this trade the Levantine coastal cities of Sarepta, Abu Hawam,Akko and possibly Tel Nami seem to have played important roles. These main ports of southern Syria and northern Palestine were all accessible to Hazor, although some of them in different periods of LB.</p>

This paper emphasizes the nature of trade relations in the EasternMediterranean in general and from a Levantine inland perspective inparticular. The ‘maritime’ trade relation of the ancient city of Hazor, located in the interior of LB Canaan is a case study investigating the Mycenaean and Cypriot pottery on the site. The influx of these vessels peaked during LB IIA. The distribution and types of this pottery at Hazorpoint to four interested groups that wanted it. These were the royal andreligious elites; the people in Area F; the religious functionaries of theLower City; and the craftsmen of Area C. The abundance of imports inArea F, among other evidence, indicates that this area might havecontained a trading quarter from where the imports were distributed toother interested groups.A model of ‘interregional interaction networks’, which is a modified world systems approach, is used to describe the organization of trade connections between the Levant, Cyprus and the Aegean and even beyond. The contents of the Ulu Burun and Cape Gelidonya ships, wrecked on the coast of south Turkey, show that luxury items were traded from afar through Canaan via the coastal cities overseas to the Aegean.Such long-distance trade with luxury goods requires professional traders familiar with the risks and security measures along the routes and with the knowledge of value systems and languages of diverse societies. These traders established networks along main trade routes and settled in trading quarters in particular node cities. The paper suggests that Hazor, as one of the largest cities in Canaan, located along the main trade routes, possessed such a node position. In this trade the Levantine coastal cities of Sarepta, Abu Hawam,Akko and possibly Tel Nami seem to have played important roles. These main ports of southern Syria and northern Palestine were all accessible to Hazor, although some of them in different periods of LB.

L'apparition de parures de style oriental (ou « phénicien ») sur des sites chypriotes et égéens entre le XIIe et le VIIe s. av. J.-C. est un phénomène bien attesté. Sélectionnées sur le critère d'une ressemblance visible, on peut dresser une liste de parures, réalisées en or ou d'autres matières telles que le bronze, trouvées sur le continent grec (Tirynthe, Perati) et sur îles égéennes (Crète, Naxos, Kos et Rhodes).Cependant, la nature de ces échanges, qui ne suivent pas un schéma régulier, reste difficile à cerner. D'une part, il existe des parallèles visiblement étroits entre les parures chypriotes et d'autres découvertes en dehors de cette île. Elles semblent être issues de contacts directs entre les régions. L'étude sur leurs modèles de diffusion et d'autres, qui concernent les produits en métal plus que la céramique, permettent d'aller au-delà d'une étude comparative des parures. Ainsi, il s'est avéré que les contextes contenant non seulement des parures mais aussi d'autres objets d'aspect étranger sont relativement fréquents. Outre ce matériel, nous sommes confrontés à d'autres parures qui ne sont comparables que sous réserve. Leur apparence suggère la présence de contacts indirects, donc une circulation d'idées plutôt que d'objets. En ce qui concerne des futures études, les résultats des fouilles récentes menées sur le site postpalatial de Tirynthe se sont avérés particulièrement intéressants. De plus, il faut signaler que la question de l'origine de la fibule pose un problème qui n'a pas encore été résolu. / The appearance of jewellery of Near-Eastern origin at Cyprus and Greece is a well-known phenomenon which we meet also from the 12th to the 7th century BC. Well-known examples made from gold and from bronze were found at the Greek continent (Tiryns, Perati) and at the Aegean islands (Crete, Naxos, Kos, Rhodes).The nature of these overseas exchanges, however, can hardly be determined and does not follow any regular system. At the one hand, there are striking parallels between certain Cypriot pieces of jewellery and other specimens found outside of Cyprus. They seem to be the result of direct contacts. The studies of the contexts to which these objects belong allow us to go beyond the mere documentation of jewellery. Following this approach, it is evident that various tombs contained not only pieces of jewellery, but also other foreign objects. This seems to support our hypotheses about on-going overseas contacts. At the other hand, there are a number of items which appear to be local products inspired from Cypriot art. Obviously, they are the result of indirect contacts or of a spreading of ideas.Regarding future studies about Cypriot or Cypriot-inspired objects, the more recent discoveries made in Tiryns are particularly noteworthy. Furthermore, one has to consider that the problems related to the origin of the fibula, which occurs at the end of the Late Bronze Age, have still not been resolved.