År 1929 grävde den Svenska Cypernexpeditionen ut en helgedom daterad till den tidiga delen av Sencypriotisk II (1400-1340/1315), namngiven Ayios Iakovos: Dhima. Kring ett terrakotta-kar återfann arkeologerna flera värdefulla och exotiska föremål.  Sedan dess har platsen och dess fynd tolkats på många olika sätt, utan någon egentlig klarhet. Genom att göra en systematisk studie över det hittills opublicerade skärvmaterialet har nya slutsatser om platsen kunnat läggas fram. Tidigare tolkningar om ett kronologiskt gap under Sencypriotisk I kan nu ifrågasättas. Det finns belägg för ett kontinuerligt bruk från Mellancypriotisk III fram tills platsen övergavs under Sencypriotisk II. Den stora mängden slutna kärl, förknippade med transport av väldoftande oljor och salvor, vittnar om de aktiviteter som en gång företogs på platsen. Dessutom visar närvaron av typiska rituella dryckeskärl ett av de tidigaste exemplen på utvecklingen av Cypriotisk rituell tradition, nu separerad från de tidigare starka banden till gravriter.

The Cyprus problem has now been an ongoing dispute for 40 some years. The two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot, has since the unrest following independence in 1960, been separated both in space and mind. A military coup, supported by Greece, followed by a Turkish invasion, caused a violent division of the island in 1974, a division that remains today. The UN has facilitated dialog and negotiation between the communities since the establishment of UNFICYP in 1964.The objective of this study is to identify whether the parties have been and are aiming for long-term or short-term perspectives in negotiation. With the help of the theoretical framework of Conflict transformation, resolution and management the study aim to answer the question – What signs of conflict transformation could be identified within the high level peace negotiation process in Cyprus?The study will be done through a process tracing case study of the peace negotiations in the Cyprus conflict. The study aims at depicting the negotiation process from 1974 and onwards. This by exploring UN position papers, resolutions and reports together with descriptions and statements from the negotiating parties.The study found that the phases of negotiation have differed considerably over time and that a general shift from conflict management to conflict transformation did appear.

This thesis examines the collection of Cypriot glass stored in the basement at Scripps and its context throughout history. The first chapter focuses on the collection itself and includes a brief summary of the founding of the Mudd family’s Cyprus Mines Corporation, which led to the collection of the glass. The repatriation of the collection is also detailed. The second chapter examines the history of Cyprus, and how valuable resources such as copper led to trade on the island. A history of glass is given: how it was made, what it was made out of, and how it was used and appreciated at different times in history. The third chapter addresses the history of the glass trade and production on Cyprus. Island-specific shapes and production are explored. This chapter also looks at how glass was valued and used by different levels of society as glass production evolved and led to a saturated market. The fourth chapter focuses on five pieces selected from the Scripps and Mudd collections. These case studies include conservation condition reports. Physical description, condition, use, and similar examples in other collections are detailed. The final chapter addresses glass conservation. It contains an analysis of previous conservation interventions, descriptions of different types of weathering and degradation, and tips for stabilizing, storing, shipping, handling, and displaying the collection.

This study explores how Turkish Cypriot identity is defined by Turkish Cypriot opinion leaders and Turkish Cypriot media in view of the longstanding interethnic dispute prevailing in the island. After a short historical review of the problem with reference to interethnic conflict and theoretical considerations pertinent to identity formation, short theoretical account of media and opinion formation, the state of the press in TRNC is displayed. This is followed by the analysis of the indepth interviews conducted within a sample of opinion leaders in TRNC and the press content in the Northern Cyprus at times which can be considered as turning points in the course of the unification negotiations. As for a conclusion, in the light of the findings, the question of whether or not the controversy around the national identity is self reproducing is tried to be answered.

Στόχος της προκείμενης έρευνάς μου είναι η περιγραφή του φωνηεντικού συστήματος της Παφίτικων λαμβάνοντας υπόψη σημαντικές παραμέτρους που επηρεάζουν την πραγμάτωση των φωνηέντων. Να υπογραμμίσω ότι ως αντικείμενο της εργασίας επιλέχθηκαν τα φωνήεντα (και όχι τα σύμφωνα) διότι αυτά εμφανίζουν κάποιες σημαντικές ιδιότητες για την έρευνά μου. Πρωτίστως, τα φωνήεντα είναι ο ‘πυρήνας’ των συλλαβών, οι οποίες πολλές φορές αποτελούνται από μόνο ένα φωνήεν. Επίσης, χρησιμοποιούνται συχνότερα από τα σύμφωνα και μεταφέρουν περισσότερη ακουστική ενέργεια. Η ομάδα των φωνηέντων είναι πιο ομοιογενής όσον αφορά τα φωνητικά τους χαρακτηριστικά, τα οποία είναι απλά και σταθερά. Συνάμα, έχουν μεγαλύτερη διάρκεια από τα σύμφωνα και είναι φορείς του τονισμού (προσωδία) κατά την ομιλία. Η εργασία βασίζεται στην ανάλυση γλωσσικού υλικού ορισμένου αριθμού πληροφορητών της δεύτερης κυρίως γενιάς Κυπρίων με κοινή καταγωγή από την πόλη και επαρχία της Πάφου. Οι λόγοι που με οδήγησαν στην επιλογή του Παφίτικου ιδιώματος ποικίλουν. Αρχικά, η συγκεκριμένη πόλη είναι μικρή, απομονωμένη από τον υπόλοιπο κορμό του νησιού και με μια κοινωνία σαφώς πιο κλειστή και μια οικογένεια πιο συντηρητική και παραδοσιακή. Σημαντικός επίσης παράγοντας για την επιλογή της συγκεκριμένης περιοχής αποτέλεσε το γεγονός ότι συμπεριλαμβάνεται ανάμεσα στα 18 ιδιώματα που τείνουν να εμφανίζονται στο νησί παρουσιάζοντας φωνολογικές και μορφολογικές διαφορές σε σχέση με άλλες περιοχές και έτσι απώτερος σκοπός ήταν να αναδειχθεί η θέση της στη τοπική γλωσσική κοινότητα. Επιπλέον, παρόλο που οι μελέτες για την Κυπριακή διάλεκτο είναι άφθονες, δεν σημειώνεται στη βιβλιογραφία καμία μελέτη για το Παφίτικο ιδίωμα και έτσι θεώρησα ενδιαφέρον να μελετηθεί η έντονη και βαρετή ντοπιολαλιά που ακούγεται με περιέργεια και προκαλεί πειράγματα. Αναλυτικότερα, στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι: α) να εξετάσει την πραγμάτωση των πέντε φωνηέντων σε τρία είδη λόγου (φυσικός λόγος, συνομιλία κατά τη διάρκεια map task test και αναγνωσμένος λόγος) και να εντοπίσει διαφορές λαμβάνοντας υπόψη γλωσσικές και εξωγλωσσικές παραμέτρους που σχετίζονται με το φωνητικό περιβάλλον, τον τόνο καθώς επίσης και τη θέση της συλλαβής και β) να επισημάνει που εντοπίζονται και που οφείλονται οι διαφοροποιήσεις. Βασική υπόθεση της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η εξής: α) αναμένουμε ότι ανάμεσα στο πρώτο και στο δεύτερο είδος λόγου, δηλαδή στον αυθόρμητο φυσικό λόγο και στο λόγο που εκφωνήθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια map task tests ότι θα εμφανίζονται ομοιότητες με βάση τη διάκριση γλωσσικών και εξωγλωσσικών παραμέτρων, καθώς τα map task tests είναι μια διαδικασία παραγωγής φυσικού λόγου. Τα map task tests σχεδιάζονται με τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε να αποσπάσουν συγκεκριμένα παραδείγματα αυθόρμητης γλωσσικής συμπεριφοράς, σε ελεγχόμενες συνθήκες. Αντιθέτως, έντονες διαφοροποιήσεις αναμένουμε να εντοπίσουμε μεταξύ φυσικού και αναγνωσμένου λόγου. Η παρούσα εργασία θα προσπαθήσει να ανταποκριθεί στα ερωτήματα και στις υποθέσεις που διατυπώθηκαν. / --

Portable objects made of terracotta, stone, and bronze, among other materials, stylistically linked to cultural spheres around the eastern Mediterranean basin and further inland in the Near East, Cyprus, and Egypt, were dedicated with fervor at Greek sanctuaries during the Archaic period. Previously, such votive offerings were superficially interpreted as “foreign imports” and enumerated in oversimplified tallies and exoticizing lists of “orientalia” and/or “aegyptiaca.” They have been embedded as the stimuli of the so-called “Orientalizing” phenomenon—a 19th-century paradigm and enduring trend in scholarship that interprets aspects of culture as originating in the east and moving westward during the early first millennium. Focus was limited to identifying their geographical places of manufacture and attempting to reveal the identities of the dedicators. This paradigm limits attention to the origins of such objects and restricts interpretations of them to one-directional understandings of artistic “influence.” Informed by theories of materiality, modes of acquisition, the exchange of skilled crafting knowledge, and the movement of raw materials, finished products, craftspeople as well as their patrons in the eastern Mediterranean cosmos during the 7th and 6th centuries, this dissertation approaches the corpus through object biographies. It foregrounds three case studies—Cypriot style terracotta figurines from the Heraion of Samos, Egyptian sculptures from East Greek sanctuaries, and the composite North Syrian and Cretan sphyrelata korai from Olympia—to temper the broader theoretical discussions of intercultural artistic exchange during this time. The study explores a diverse array of artistic processes of material transformation ranging from the destruction, reuse, adaptation, and modification of objects to the local production of objects that can be stylistically linked to places far afield. By examining the materials from which and the manufacturing techniques by which such objects were made, it reevaluates where, when, and by whom they were crafted. The analysis identifies the tangible processes of artistic transmission to illuminate the exchanges of and interactions among the eastern Mediterranean craftspeople tasked with the fabrication of the dedications and the patrons who commissioned them. Ultimately, as singular artistic products, it is argued that the objects in the case studies represent intercultural attempts at unique votive object manufacture and communicate meaning by inhabiting more than one geographical space and temporally remote moments in time.

Conflict in deeply divided societies often has a profound impact both on the societies in which the conflict is located, and on the surrounding states and societies. Constitutional engineers working in such societies are inevitably attracted to power-sharing as a means of stabilising inter-group relations. Consociational democracy is a form of power-sharing democracy which is particularly attractive for a divided society, because its demands on the society are relatively few. It aims to separate the communities in the conflict as much as possible, while emphasising elite co-operation in the formal institutions of government. A difficulty with consociational democracy, however, is that the elite co-operation it requires to function is also required for the system to be adopted, yet will not necessarily be present. Cyprus is an excellent example of the difficulty of gaining agreement on a consociational regime for a divided society. In 1963, the consociational Republic of Cyprus collapsed as a result of mistrust between Greek and Turkish Cypriots. In 2004, a consociational system of government was designed for Cyprus by a team of UN experts under the direction of then-Secretary-General, Kofi Annan. The system of government was rejected in April 2004 at a referendum, and, consequently, was not adopted. This thesis examines why Cyprus has thus far been unable to adopt a political settlement. Failure is as hard to explain as success. Success may have many fathers and failure none, but there are as many possible causes of a failure as of a success. There is also the difficulty of the counter-factual: what facts would need to be different to produce success where experience is only of failure. The thesis systematically examines possible causes of failure, including the idea of consociational democracy itself, the particular consociational designs proposed for Cyprus, and the influence of historical aspirations and experiences. Particular attention is paid to the idea that there may be key factors which must be present before a consociational solution can be adopted. The factors, selected for this case study for their apparent relevance to Cyprus, are elite co-operation, segmental isolation, a balance of power between the disputant groups, and the ability of the international community to offer incentives for compromise. It is argued that these factors, especially elite relations and the complex web of causes which determine these, are central to an explanation of the Cyprus experience.

The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the contribution of phonological, morphological and dialect awareness to the prediction of reading and spelling in a Greek bi-dialectal setting. The target group (N=404) consisted of children, aged 6 to 9 years at the start of the project, who learn literacy in Cyprus, where a dialect is spoken in certain contexts but where Standard Modern Greek is also widely used. At present there are few studies with Greek Cypriot children on how phonological, morphological and dialect awareness relates to reading and spelling. Because there are no standardised measures of phonological, morphological and dialect awareness with Greek Cypriot children, measures of these factors were developed during the pilot study and their internal consistency was assessed. With the larger sample the measures were validated by examining their construct validity. The first wave of data collection showed that morphological and dialect awareness make unique contribution to the prediction of reading and spelling in Greek. The second wave of data collection showed that the measures of morphological and dialect awareness predicted performance in reading and spelling eight months later, even partialling out grade level, estimation of verbal intelligence and initial scores in reading and spelling. A model with dialect awareness as a mediator between phonological and morphological awareness and reading and spelling fitted the data better than a model with phonological or morphological awareness as mediators, and hence, phonological awareness and morphological awareness help children to become aware of the differences between their dialect and the standard variety, and dialect awareness in turn facilitates reading and spelling. Cross-lagged correlations showed that the more experience children have with reading and spelling, the more likely they are to develop morphological and dialect awareness. This study makes theoretical, empirical and practical educational contributions. The established mediational model contributes to the theoretical knowledge of the connection between dialect awareness and phonological and morphological awareness and reading and spelling while the longitudinal study contributes to theory the long term relation of morphological and dialect awareness with reading and spelling in Greek. Empirically, the study established the plausibility of a causal link between morphological and dialect awareness and reading and spelling, which must be tested in further research using intervention methods. In practice, this study contributes valid measures for assessing morphological and dialect awareness in the Greek Cypriot setting.

Trace element composition of archaeological artifacts is commonly used for provenance studies. Limestone has generally studied by geologists and there are a few researches done by various archaeological sciences. Although it is a common material for buildings and sculpture it is been thought that limestone used had not imported like marbles. Limestone figurines from Dat&ccedil / a/Emecik excavations are classified as Cypriote type, which was very popular through 6th century B.C. in the Mediterranean region. Since this type of figurines was found at Emecik numerously to determine its provenance was an important problem. Emecik figurines were examined for their some major, trace elements and REE compositions and results were compared with geological samples which were taken from a near by quarry. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) have been used for analysis. The methods have been optimized by using standard reference material NIST 1d, NCS DC 73306, and IGS40.

Στη μεταπτυχιακή αυτή διατριβή αμφισβητώ την ευρέως διαδεδομένη άποψη ότι η διάκριση ανάμεσα σε ενδοκεντρικά και εξωκεντρικά σύνθετα είναι κατ’ εξοχήν σημασιολογική (βλ. μεταξύ άλλων Bauer 2009: 350). Αντιθέτως, ακολουθώντας τους Ralli & Andreou (2010), προτείνω ότι η συγκεκριμένη διάκριση είναι δομική. Για να υποστηρίξω τους ισχυρισμούς και τις προτάσεις μου, παραθέτω δεδομένα από την Κυπριακή και την Κοινή Νέα Ελληνική. Καταρχάς, υποστηρίζω ότι η εξωκεντρικότητα δεν είναι ένα περιθωριακό φαινόμενο στη σύνθεση, δεδομένου ότι διάφορες γλωσσικές ποικιλίες, μεταξύ των οποίων και η Κυπριακή, επιδεικνύουν υψηλό βαθμό παραγωγικότητας εξωκεντρικών συνθέτων. Ακολούθως, υποστηρίζω ότι η σημασιολογία δεν μπορεί να μας οδηγήσει σε ασφαλή συμπεράσματα ούτε για την κατηγοριοποίηση των εξωκεντρικών, αλλά ούτε και για τη διάκριση ανάμεσα σε ενδοκεντρικότητα και εξωκεντρικότητα. Επιπρόσθετα, σε αντίθεση με τους Scalise et al. (2009), δείχνω ότι τα μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά, όπως για παράδειγμα το γένος και η κλιτική τάξη, δεν μπορούν να ορίσουν την εξωκεντρικότητα. Καταληκτικά, προτείνω ότι η ενδοκεντρικότητα και η εξωκεντρικότητα είναι επιφαινόμενα της σειράς εφαρμογής των διαδικασιών σχηματισμού λέξεων, σύνθεσης και παραγωγής. Με βάση την πρόταση αυτή, ένα σύνθετο είναι εξωκεντρικό όταν η σύνθεση και η παραγωγή οι οποίες συνεμφανίζονται (co-occur) σε ένα μορφολογικά πολύπλοκο πρωτογενή σχηματισμό, αλληλεπιδρούν με τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε η παραγωγή να έπεται της σύνθεσης. Αντίθετα, ένα σύνθετο είναι ενδοκεντρικό όταν περιλαμβάνει μόνο σύνθεση ή όταν συμπεριλαμβάνει παραγωγή και σύνθεση με αυτή τη σειρά. / In this MA thesis, I challenge the widely accepted view that the distinction between endocentric and exocentric compounds is fundamentally semantic (see, among others, Bauer 2009: 350). Following Ralli & Andreou (2010), I propose, instead, that this is a structural distinction. I illustrate my claims and proposals by using data from Greek and Cypriot Greek. First, I challenge the widespread view that exocentric compounds do not belong to the productive word-formation mechanism given that exocentricity in a number of linguistic varieties, Cypriot included, is very productive. In addition, I show that semantics cannot be a safe criterion for either classifying exocentric compounds into various categories or distinguishing between endocentric and exocentric compounds. Moreover, I argue that morphological features, e.g. gender and inflection class, cannot define exocentricity, in the way Scalise et al. (2009) have proposed. Finally, I suggest that exocentricity might be an epiphenomenon of the order of application of the two word-formation processes, according to which, when compounding and derivation co-occur within the same morphologically-complex item, compounding precedes derivation. In contrast, a structure is endocentric, if it contains only compounding, or involves derivation and compounding, in this particular order.