This diploma thesis is focused on matters of communist regime and it's differences between two middle - European countries: Czechoslovakia and Poland. The first theoretical part approaches assumptions of birth and the beggining of communist ideology in the Word, presents main ideas and personalities whitch communism risen of and was developed. The second and the third part enlarge about the way of establishment communist regime and it's practical behaviour in Czecholsovakia and Poland. Finally last part within the frame of binary comparison of mentioned countries goes about common and different attributes which defined birthing and lately establishing communist regimes in named states. This main part is highly focused on the way of birth of communist regimes, on the differencies between their behaviour and on the answering of research questions.

This diploma thesis is focused on matters of communist regime and it's differences between two middle - European countries: Czechoslovakia and Poland. The first theoretical part approaches assumptions of birth and the beggining of seizing communist power in the middle and the east Europe - known as sovietization. This part also deals with the terminology of forward stalinism which appears after communist overall win in political struggle after 2nd World War. The second main part consists of four comparative standards. First of theese is focused on the history of communist party in Czechoslovakia and Poland. In this standard is also involved internatinal facets of sovietization. The second standard is assembled with strategy and the role of czechoslovakia and poland communist party. The third standard is about represive actions of mentioned parties. Finally the last standard is engaged in antagonisms and opposition structures in the followed countries.

This work deals with the evolution of the topics of Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism in Czechoslovakia between the years 1945-1953. It is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the definition of the concepts of Zionism, Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, thus comprising the theoretical framework of the thesis. The second part analyzes the political historical developments in the era of 1945-1953, during which the Communist Party seizes power. Described here is also the importance of the establishment of the State of Israel in the context of the development of Soviet-Israeli relations and Czechoslovak-Israeli relations. These relations later developed the attitudes towards the Jewish communities. In the third part, the work deals with the stance of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia towards Jews. It views the stance as an overlapping combination of Anti-Semite and Anti-Zionist positions, which culminates in the political trials of the 1950s. It also shows an interesting contrast whereas during that same time, the Communists allowed the grand re-opening of the Pinkas Synagogue Memorial, honoring the victims of the Holocaust. The interplay between the Communists and Jews was neither wholly positive, nor entirely negative; both sides of the stance can be demonstrated. They are influenced by...

Czechoslovakia, as a common state of Czechs and Slovaks, dissolved after 74 years of existence. The thesis is conducted as a historical analysis whose aim to analyse the causes of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and to identify their historical origins. The theoretical framework which accompanies the analytical part is based on Gellner's nationalism theory, Deutsch’s theory of social communication and theoretical conditions regarding the coexistence of nations in multinational states. The thesis demonstrates that the Czech-Slovak convergence, created by the utilization of the Czech language in Slovakia, geopolitical closeness and belonging to the same cultural circle, was not sufficient enough to overcome the administrative borders which contributed to the Czech-Slovak bipolarity. The analysis shows that even though the dissolution was an issue of political elites, the partition was predominantly caused by the Czech-Slovak dualism which was an after-effect of asynchronous historical development in two different state formations. The heterogeneous historical development resulted in retardation of the Slovak nationalism and unequal positions of the Czechs and Slovaks during Czechoslovakia. This was reflected in different perspectives on the common state and consequent differences in political cultures of Czechs and Slovaks.

This thesis explores briefly two experimental cases, Czechoslovakia and Poland, where between 1919 and 1938, efforts were made to solve the “minority problem." This thesis consists of five basic parts: Chapter I, an introduction that defines or describes such concepts as nationalism, nation, state, and minority; Chapter II that succinctly presents backgrounds and problems of minorities in Czechoslovakia (Germans, Magyars, Ruthenians, and Jews), and Poland (Germans, Jews and Ukrainians); Chapter III that analyzes the provisions of the Minority Treaties prepared by the principal Allied Powers at the end of World War I to protect minority rights within Czechoslovakia and Poland; Chapter IV that examines the implementation and results of the planned protection of minority rights in Czechoslovakia and Poland between 1919 and 1938; and Appendices that illuminate the minority problem in the two states.

Diploma thesis deals with the topic of the position of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Antonín Novotný and the role he played in the political system during the 1960s; system named for its characteristics as quasi-pluralist authoritarianism by Harold G. Skilling. First Secretary's authority within the limits of the system was supported by several competences, formal and informal, that he could use to strengthen his position. The author of the thesis works on the assumption that his position stayed inherently unstable and therefore provides an analysis of the second half of the "Novotný era" to discover which factors at that time supported his authority, and on the other hand, which ones tended to undermine it. Key words: Communism, Czechoslovakia, Antonín Novotný

Nationalization and confiscation in 1945 - 1948 Abstract The main subjects of this thesis are nationalization and confiscation that took place in Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1948. In the introductory chapters it deals with the definition of the concepts of nationalization and confiscation and their historical context. Closer attention is paid to the land reform of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The following is a description of political and economic concepts that emerged during World War II in both domestic and foreign resistence movements and in which the demands for a fundamental economic transformation of Czechoslovakia were stressed. The opinions of Edvard Beneš and the negotiations between Moscow and London exile politicians on the future Košice government program are also discussed. The following chapters deal with nationalization and confiscation in 1945, individual decrees on nationalization and confiscation are discussed, the process of their adoption, taking into account especially the government meetings. Institute of national administration, which had a very close connection to nationalization and confiscation, is delineated as well. In the period from 1946 to 1947, the main focus is on revision of the land reform of the First Czechoslovak Republic and other measures concerning land...

The innovative compositions of Miloslav Ištvan (1928-1990) and his influential theoretical writings contributed to the creation of the modern composition school in Brno, capitol of Moravia in the present Czech Republic. Through the vehicle of his three piano sonatas (unpublished, but composed in 1954, 1959, and 1979), this monograph places Ištvan and his music against the political background of ideological repression in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The unique blend of Moravian folk music and fierce pride in Czech culture are clearly evident throughout Ištvan’s compositional oeuvre and specifically in his piano music. In particular, his sheer creativity and courage to create his own voice under severe artistic deprivation combine to create a body of work that remains one of the most prominent influences in the present-day compositional scene in Brno. Each of the six chronological sections in this monograph employs a single year as a frame of reference. These years were selected both for their political significance and to represent an important event in Ištvan’s personal or musical life. In addition to the biographical details, political context and analysis of the piano sonatas, other significant compositions and contemporary writings are considered to trace the developmental thread of Moravian music. Ištvan’s search for artistic expression brings the lineage of his direct predecessor, Brno compositional giant Leoš Janáček, into the avant-garde New Music movement of the 1960s. Ištvan’s further work as a composition professor and writer of theoretical texts in the 1970s and 80s continues to influence the current generation of composers in the Czech Republic. This monograph calls attention to a composer and his rich body of work, created during politically turbulent times, that remains virtually unknown outside his country of origin. / Music Performance

Thesis (doctoral) - Freie Universität, Berlin, 2004. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

This diploma thesis deals with one phase of Josef Smrkovský's life between 1945-1963. After WW II and his engagement in the Prague Uprising, he was an eminent communist politician who possessed considerable power in the agrarian policy. However, he was arrested in 1951, became a victim of political trials and was sentenced to jail. He was later released due to the order of a rehabilitation committee, but he was not fully rehabilitated. The thesis examines and compares primary sources on Smrkovský's trial, describing methods of the State Secret Police such as surveillance, interrogations and both physical and psychological violence. Reports of Smrkovský's cellmates are also commented on. The thesis concludes with the analysis of rehabilitation committees and the effort of Smrkovský to clear himself. He re-entered political life at the beginning of the sixties. KEYWORDS Josef Smrkovský, politics, persecution, the fifties, The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, State Secret Police, rehabilitation