Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a culpa como critério para majoração da indenização em casos de danos decorrentes de condutas altamente reprováveis do ponto de vista ético-jurídico. O tema é apresentado no âmbito da crise paradigmática vivida pela responsabilidade civil nos dias atuais: a responsabilidade civil afasta-se do paradigma da reparação para se aproximar do paradigma da prevenção de danos. Diante desse contexto, propõe-se a retomada da culpa, não mais como pressuposto da responsabilidade civil, mas agora no papel de critério para a quantificação da indenização. Para demonstrar a utilidade e viabilidade desta proposta, o trabalho segue três caminhos. Inicialmente, analisa-se o instituto dos punitive damages, à luz, principalmente, do direito norte-americano. Entende-se que o referido instituto representa uma experiência bem sucedida do uso da culpa como instrumento de prevenção de danos e dissuasão de condutas reprováveis. Em segundo lugar, recorre-se à literatura estrangeira para promover uma detalhada análise econômica dos punitive damages, com o intuito de demonstrar a eficácia e utilidade do instituto. Por fim, examina-se a viabilidade e adequação de uma possível indenização punitiva diante do atual sistema de responsabilidade civil brasileiro. Neste ponto, busca-se identificar o fundamento legal da indenização punitiva, analisando se este novo instituto resiste às críticas que o acusam de ilegalidade. Superado o ceticismo com relação ao instituto, avaliamos os possíveis critérios, objetivos e subjetivos, para a quantificação da indenização punitiva, dando destaque, evidentemente, para o papel ocupado, nesse processo, pela culpa. / This study aims to analyze fault as a factor to increase the amount of damages in cases of highly reprehensible misconducts, from a legal-ethical standpoint. The topic is presented under the paradigmatic crisis currently experienced by tort law: as tort law moves away from the paradigm of compensation it approaches the paradigm of prevention of damages. Given this context, we propose the return of fault, no longer as a requirement of liability, but now in the role of a factor for the assessment of the amount of damages. To demonstrate the utility and feasibility of this proposal, the study follows three paths. Initially, we analyze the remedy of punitive damages, mainly based on U.S. law. We understand that punitive damages represent a successful experience of using fault as a tool to prevent damages and deter reprehensible misconducts. Secondly, we resort to foreign literature to carry out a detailed economic analysis of punitive damages, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the remedy. Finally, we examine the feasibility and suitability of punitive damages under the current Brazilian tort law. At this point, we attempt to identify the legal basis for punitive damages, analyzing whether this new remedy would resist the criticisms that accuses it of illegality. Once skepticism regarding the remedy is overcome, we go on to evaluate potential objective and subjective factors for the assessment of the amount of punitive damages, stressing, of course, the role played, in this process, by fault.

The aim of the thesis is, based on analysis of the institute of liability for damages in the Insolvency Act and related legislation, to characterize the institute of liability for damage in insolvency law and to define its position within the system of sanctions, to identify links to private and public (including criminal) legal norms, to present concrete examples from existing case law to address some unclear areas of existing arrangements and to identify and to describe changes resulting from the new regulation of the institute of liability for damages in the new Civil Code. The thesis is divided into two parts, the general (conceptual) and specific (critical). The general part is divided into four chapters. Chapter one summarizes the theoretical background of the institute of liability for damages. Chapter two provides an overview of the general private law liability for damages and fundamental differences on liability for damages in the old and the new Civil Code. The third chapter is devoted to a specific rules on liability for damages in the Insolvency Act. Chapter four discusses the different possibilities of a claim for damages or other harm. The special part is devoted to analysis of the facts of liability for damage governed by the Insolvency Act. Individual facts of case are systematically broken...

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the issue of causation in personal injury claims. The reason for my research is the fact that there have been an increasing numbers of cases where injured persons asked for some kind of compensation in the past years. The problem of causation is the most crucial and sensitive in such conflict. This thesis consists four chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of causation in compensation for personal injury claims. Chapter one introduces the problem of damages for personal injury and other basic areas of compensation. Chapter two concentrates on the causation from the theoretical point of view. This chapter deals with some definitions of causation, explains its understanding abroad, presents theories that help us to prove, whether or not causation and causal relation exist, and it looks at special types of causation and describes when causal chain is broken. Chapter three is dedicated to questions of proving the causation. There are explained questions about lege artis procedure, the loss of chance concept and the no fault compensation system. Chapter four describes how causation is adjusted in the new Civil Code and in suggestions of European tort law codes. The main aim of the thesis is to describe the problem of causation from different...

The Quantification of Damages caused by breach of the European Union Competition Law and Private Enforcement of its Compensation Abstract Effective competition is key issue for achieving the economic prosperity of the internal market, improving the quality of production and maximizing employment. On the contrary restriction of the competition can lead to inefficient allocation of resources, loss of economic welfare and damages to both competitors and consumers. Achieving and maintaining of the effective competition is therefore one of the main objectives of the European Union. This can be achieved through means of public and private enforcement. While pubic enforcement has, in particular, punitive and deterring function, private enforcement has, in particular, compensatory function. Despite these differences both categories complement each other. That is why this thesis deals with the relationship between private and public enforcement. On 26 November 2014, the European Union adopted Directive 2014/104/EU, which partially harmonises private enforcement in relation to the right to compensation for damages caused by a breach of competition law. The aim of this work is to analyze the positives and negatives of this harmonization. The dissertation also deals with the comparison of two reference transpositional...

A Contractual fine Keywords Contractual fine, damages Summary The aim of this Master's degree thesis is to analyze the usage of contractual fine in civil-law relations. This essentially very useful institute is used in almost every possible contract although often without proper knowledge or sometimes even without good intention. The main goal of this study therefore may be simply to provide parts of the contract with a guide called "How to arrange (not)valid contractual fine". The thesis is composed of six chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the contractual fine. Chapter One searches for the best available definition of contractual fine both in specialized literature and in injudicial sources and points out differences in point of view of the authors. Chapter Two deals with the purpose of contractual fine and hierarchy of its functions in order to provide deeper understanding of situations suitable for arranging a contractual fine. Chapter Three focuses on the basic characteristic of contractual fine mainly in contrast to the attributes of punitive interests which is the institute of some similar functions. The Chapter also examines the questions of concurrence of these important institutes. Chapter Four examines relevant legislation both in Civil and Commercial Code, explains the...

Zugl.: Diss.

Univ., Diss.--Nijmegen, 2007.

Univ., Diss.--Köln, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 297 - 332.

Zugl.: Bern, Univ., Diss., 2008

Univ., Diss.--Freiburg (Breisgau), 1994.