Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-20T17:03:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPR.pdf: 3132789 bytes, checksum: 6b6f2ec0e10cd93b5a4a9a82a65265ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:41:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPR.pdf: 3132789 bytes, checksum: 6b6f2ec0e10cd93b5a4a9a82a65265ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:41:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPR.pdf: 3132789 bytes, checksum: 6b6f2ec0e10cd93b5a4a9a82a65265ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T18:41:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPR.pdf: 3132789 bytes, checksum: 6b6f2ec0e10cd93b5a4a9a82a65265ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This PhD thesis starts from the observation of constructions with the verb dar in Brazilian Portuguese and it proposes an analysis and classification of these constructions. The analysis of all constructions found in corpus is systematic and consistent, based on Transformational Grammar (HARRIS, 1964) and on Lexicon-Grammar approach (GROSS, 1975; GROSS, 1981). Both theories adopt formal and experimental criteria to make reproducible the identification of base sentences and the classification of constructions with the verb dar. The classification was based on structural and syntactic properties, leading to four classes or categories: (i) full verb or distributional verb, from which 8 verbal senses could be identified; (ii) causative operator verb, whose constructions could be subclassified in 4 groups, depending on the semantic type of the predicative noun; (iii) the verb as a fixed element, in idioms or in proverbs; and (iv) support verb, which is selected by a predicative noun. The first part of this thesis analyzes the constructions with the verb dar as a full verb, as a causative operator verb and as a fixed verb. The second part of this thesis debribes the support verb constructions (SVC), which are formed by the support verb dar (Vsup) and the predicative noun (Npred). This description is extensive, considering all the occurrences in the corpus adopted and identifying the main formal, distributional and transformational SVC properties. These properties were described and formalized in a Lexicon-Grammar table, which is a binary matrix: each line corresponds to a lexical entry (Npred) and each column corresponds to a syntactic property of the construction. In the intersection between each line and each column, we sign “+” or “-”, respectively, if the property is verified or not. The third part of the thesis presents an automatic syntactic analysis of SVC, by using an approach based in dependency rules between its constituents. The rules are automatically generated from the L-G matrix data and, then, those rules are used by the parser in order to extract the dependency between the Npred and the Vsup. Thus, this work aims to advance the state of the art of the general verbal classification in Portuguese and Automatic Processing of Natural Languages, to contribute to the development of computational-lexical resources (the Lexicon-Grammar of nominal constructions) and with automatic parsing. / Esta tese parte da observação das construções com o verbo dar em corpus em Português Brasileiro e propõe uma análise e classificação dessas construções, de forma sistemática e consistente, com base na Gramática Transformacional de operadores (HARRIS, 1964; HARRIS, 1978) e no modelo teórico-metodológico do Léxico-Gramática (GROSS, 1975; GROSS, 1981). Ambas as teorias adotam critérios formais/estruturais e procedimentos experimentais reprodutíveis para a identificação das frases de base e que adotamos para a classificação das construções com o verbo dar. A classificação dessas construções foi baseada em suas estruturas e propriedades sintáticas, tendo sido identificadas quatro categorias ou tipos de construções fundamentais em que esse verbo ocorre: (i) verbo pleno (distribucional), de onde se identificam 8 sentidos diferentes; (ii) verbo-operador causativo; (iii) o verbo constituinte de uma frase fixa, seja em expressões cristalizadas seja em provérbios; e (iv) verbo-suporte, um tipo particular de auxiliar que é selecionado por um nome predicativo. A primeira parte da tese analisa os três primeiros tipos sintático-semânticos do verbo dar (pleno, causativo e fixo). A segunda parte da tese analisa e descreve as construções com verbo-suporte (CVS), formadas pelo verbo-suporte (Vsup) dar e um nome predicativo (Npred). Essa descrição é sistemática, buscando recensear o máximo possível de construções em corpus e identificando as principais propriedades formais, distribucionais e transformacionais das CVS. As propriedades são formalizadas por meio de uma matriz de dados, a qual representa de maneira compacta a informação linguística relevante para a descrição dessas construções. A terceira parte da tese apresenta uma proposta de análise sintática automática das CVS, usando uma abordagem baseada em regras de dependência entre seus constituintes. As regras são geradas automaticamente a partir das informações constantes na matriz do L-G e, em seguida, são usadas pelo analisador sintático automático para extrair uma dependência entre o Npred e o Vsup ao identificar a CVS. Assim, este trabalho objetiva avançar o estado da arte da classificação geral dos verbos em Português e do Processamento Automático de Línguas Naturais, no sentido de contribuir com o desenvolvimento de recursos léxico-computacionais (o Léxico-Gramática das construções nominais) para a tarefa de análise sintática automática.

Steven I. Y. E. Mrikaria, Mhadhiri wa Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili ya Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam aliyezaliwa mnamo Disemba 9, 1963, ameaga dunia mnamo Januari 17, 2018. Aldin K. Mutembei aliye msomi mweledi na mwanaharakati mashuhuri wa lugha na fasihi ya Kiswahili anamwenzi Marehemu Steven Mrikaria akielezea mchango wake katika utafiti na ufundishaji wa lugha na fasihi ya Kiswahili na kumkumbuka kama msomi mwenzake na rafiki yake wa siku nyingi. / Steven I. Y. E. Mrikaria, Lecturer at the Institute of Kiswahili Studies, University of Dar es Salaam who was born on December 9, 1963, passed away on January 17, 2018. Aldin K. Mutembei, accomplished scholar and most eminent activist of Swahili language and literature honours the late Steven Mrikaria by elucidating his contribution to the research and teaching of Swahili language and literature, and remembering him as a fellow scholar and a long-time friend.

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perception of nurses about the implementation of focused ante-natal care services in nine district health facilities of Dar es Salaam. Quantitative, explorative and descriptive research was conducted to determine how the implementation of the focused ante-natal care guidelines was perceived by nurses who provided midwifery health care services. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. A simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents. The study sample comprised of nursing officers (n=50), nurse midwives (53) and public health nurses (40). The SAS/Basic and SAS/STAT version 11.1 was used to analyse data. Validity was ensured and the Cronbach’s coefficient reliability test was 0.86.The findings revealed that the greatest area of concern was the shortage of human and material resources for successful implementation of focused ante-natal care to pregnant women and unborn children. / Health Sciences / M.A. (Health Studies)

This is a media ethnographic bachelor thesis. It examines journalism students at Bahir Dar University’s perceptions about how television can influence their identities but also cultures and lifestyles in Ethiopia in general. Ethnographic observations, time-use diaries, group interviews and individual interviews were used to gather data. However, the individual interviews are our main method. Our results showed that the journalism students believe that television influence them in various ways: their way of dressing and looking, acting, thinking and being. They also believe that televisions’ ability to change their identities in a bigger context means that cultures and traditions in Ethiopia are changing. The journalism students talk about different phenomenons that have arisen in Ethiopia during the last years, for example homosexuality, new techniques and appliances and new kind of clothes and food. And they say that they believe these phenomenons have arisen in Ethiopia because of media globalization.

<p>The main objective of this study is to understand and asses flood risk perception among people living in Msimbazi Valley in Das es Salaam, Tanzania. Many of the people I have interviewed are experiencing flooding every year but it is rarely considered disastrous. Looked at individually they may not be disasters but cumulatively they may be. The rapid urbanisation, in this part of the world, forces people to live on hazardous but central land because of the livelihood opportunities available there. The government and the local communities are well aware of the risk of floods in the area and are considered as a serious threat to the families. People are still living in these areas because they find the benefits big enough to make up the risks.</p>

This bachelor thesis had the aim to investigate how young female students experience their safety situation in their own neighbourhood, around the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Previous research shows that women tend to feel more fear of crime in public spaces than men, and this feeling is restricting their mobility in time and space. This gender structure is a worldwide phenomenon and is by feminist geographers explained as an expression of the patriarchy. A phenomenological approach was used in this research to gain an understanding of how this gender structure is affecting individual female’s lives. The used method was focus group interviews and two groups were interviewed, with totally seven respondents. The sessions were analysed by using constructivist grounded theory and partly narrative analysis. The interviewees explained that there were certain spaces that they experience as dangerous, foremost dark places without visibility and few people passing. They also stated that places where people had been robbed, raped or kidnapped earlier were more threating. The potential criminal was portrayed as a non-student male, and the male students were described as their potential protectors. The fear was always present in their lives, they felt more or less unsafe in all parts of the campus and even in their homes. This threat restricted their daily mobility in both time and space, and they used different strategies to avoid different types of crimes.

The widespread presence of radio in Tanzania suggests that the news being broadcasted nationally has a large public and political impact. In this thesis we examine what roles a few women journalists hold in Dar es Salaam’s radio newsrooms. Our research question concerns how these women journalists perceive their influence in the newsroom during the agenda setting process. We interviewed seven women journalists, who hold varying positions in different radio newsrooms in Dar es Salaam, concerning their perception of their own informal status in the office hierarchy. We then present and analyze key quotes from our respondents using Bourdieu’s theory of social fields and perspective on male domination, Hirdman’s stereotypical gender contract and a postcolonial feminist perspective. Our repondents told us of the importance of empowering other women at the editorial office as well as putting gender issues revolving women and girls on the news agenda. In this way they demonstrate the importance of a gender equal representation in the newsroom and in the news content. We come to the conclusion that our respondents do indeed perceive themselves to have influence over the news agenda and they use different strategies to gain status and recognition in the newsroom.

The theme of the essay is the mapping of the country/land theme in the Hebrew canon from the basic division of the individual word meanings along with brief characteristics and statistics of occurrences of each of these meanings in the canon, through a detailed focus on specific one - the Promised Land. The meaning is monitored in terms of content and theological significance with regard to the storyline of the text. Attention is focused on individual occurrences of words in the Hebrew text and on their specifics, but also on combining elements from the perspective of the entire canon of the Hebrew Bible.

At the largest university in Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), the gender distribution is unequal. At the University’s Department of Mathematics (DoM), the number of women ranges between 20-30 %. As a PhD degree can pose an important bridge into higher academic positions, the purpose of this study is to discern the current prerequisites for women to complete a doctoral degree at UDSM, compared to their male colleagues. The thesis is based on a field study carried out at DoM, in the spring of 2018. As such, both the formal and the perceived conditions could be examined. During the field study, both focus groups and individual interviews were held. By means of Grounded Theory, a mainly inductive method, the empirical framework obtained from the field research has guided the study and recurrent observations from the local context analysis have shaped the results. As the methodological outset for the study also draws on abductive reasoning, it results in that the analysis is concurrently theoretically guided and based on obtained data. The conclusions from the field research show that the conditions for female and male PhD students at UDSM are not equal. There are policies, quotas and other initiatives introduced in an attempt to level the playfield, however, other policies and social norms that create challenges for women in their strive for an academic career are still in motion. Among other things, as women are expected to be the primary caretaker and there are no support systems in place, the decision to start a family affects women’s studies more than men’s.

<p>This thesis is aiming to describe and understand the access to and evolvement of necral land (burial and crematory grounds) in Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania and one of the most rapid growing cities in Africa. The study is based on field work conducted in Kinondoni District during the spring of 2010. It could partly be described as intensive research, because it is done like a pioneer study, trying to describe and understand a phenomena; not so much trying to find out how widespread the phenomena is. The data was primarily produced through interviews with persons representing different actors. The result from the field study is that even if there are differences in costs and needs for permits to access the land, it seems like there are ways for everyone to bury or cremate a dead body. One common way of manage costs is to collect financial contributions from friends, family and neighbours. The problem however is the evolvement, where centrally located burial grounds are considered full but still used and the cemetery established by the municipality outside the centre is not used by city dwellers, because of the lack of information and the transportation cost.</p>