Ce travail sur les constructions converses en a da/ a primi contribue à la construction du lexique-grammaire du roumain. Les tables DP1 et DP2 sont le résultat de l'analyse des phrases à V-n (noms prédicatifs associés à des verbes) ou Npa (noms prédicatifs autonomes) actualisés par le verbe support a da. Les particularités du roumain font que les propriétés syntaxiques décrites soient très intéressantes lorsque nous analysons d'une manière contrastive le français et le roumain. Les divergences entre la réalisation des verbes supports a da et donner, aussi bien que les divergences concernant leurs variantes et les déterminants des noms prédicatifs étudiés, constituent des difficultés dans les domaines de la traductologie et de l'enseignement du FLE / This work on a da/ a primi converse constructions contributes to the creation of the lexicon-grammar of Romanian. The tables DP1 and DP2 are the product of an analysis of sentences containing the support verb 'a da' and V-n (predicative nouns associated to verbs) or Npa (autonomous predicative nouns). The particularities of Romanian make the description of syntactic properties interesting especially when comparing this language to French. The dissimetries in collocations as well as those regarding determiners and variants of support verbs a da/ donner result in difficulties one encounters in the domains of traductology and teaching French as a foreign language

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-11T12:54:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNPC.pdf: 2008745 bytes, checksum: 7c19c09cf12c8731fe30977bbcd97bd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T12:07:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNPC.pdf: 2008745 bytes, checksum: 7c19c09cf12c8731fe30977bbcd97bd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T12:07:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNPC.pdf: 2008745 bytes, checksum: 7c19c09cf12c8731fe30977bbcd97bd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T12:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNPC.pdf: 2008745 bytes, checksum: 7c19c09cf12c8731fe30977bbcd97bd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This dissertation proposes an analysis about the relation between pairs of constructions, both with support-verb and predicative name, such as João deu uma ajuda ao Pedro/Pedro recebeu uma ajuda do João. This relation is called Conversion (G.GROSS, 1989), a transformational property that inverts the arguments of the subject position and the phrase complement, without changing their semantic roles, restructures a sentence inverting sense from active to passive. Thus, by inverting the standard support-verb (dar, fazer ou ter – to give, to do or to have) for a converse support-verb (receber, levar or ter – to receive, to lead or to have), the conversion produces equivalent syntactic-semantically sentences. The analysis of this type of construction is done systematically, based on Transformational Grammar (HARRIS, 1964) and theoretical-methodological model of Lexicon-Grammar (M.GROSS 1975, 1981), adopting formal criteria of linguistic description. The proposed classification is based on the set of support-verbs that each predicative noun selects such in the standard position, as in converse position. This criterion proved to be the most appropriate at this moment, because the predicative nouns constitute a very heterogeneous group, by the syntactic-semantic point of view. The sentences that exemplify constructions converses are validated introspectively and through of a corpus, where it can identify its structure with better precision. In addition, their structural, distributional and transformational properties are formalized in a table of Lexicon-Grammar, that is, is a binary matrix in which each row corresponds to a lexical entry (the predicative noun) and each column corresponds to a formal property of the construction. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the linguistic description of Brazilian Portuguese, taking into account that this type of construction was studied only for the French (G.GROSS, 1989), European Portuguese (BAPTISTA, 1997) and more recently to the Romanian (CIOCANEA, 2011). The constructions description with support-verb and predicative noun, may collaborate in texts analysis, identifying information and the structure‘s form, then, consequently, enriching the description of the language. Besides, the results‘ representation in binary matrixes provides a formal description enough to be used in auto applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP). / Esta dissertação propõe uma análise da relação que existe entre pares de construções, ambas com verbo-suporte e nome predicativo, tais como João deu uma ajuda ao Pedro/Pedro recebeu uma ajuda do João. Essa relação é chamada de Conversão (G.GROSS, 1989), uma propriedade transformacional que inverte os argumentos da posição de sujeito e de complemento da frase sem alterar seus papeis semânticos, ou seja, reestrutura uma frase invertendo o sentido de ativo para passivo. Desse modo, por meio da inversão do verbosuporte standard (dar, fazer ou ter) por um verbo-suporte converso (receber, levar ou ter), a Conversão produz sentenças sintático-semanticamente equivalentes. A análise desse tipo de construção é feita sistematicamente, baseando-se na Gramática Transformacional de Operadores (HARRIS, 1964) e no modelo teórico-metodológico do Léxico-Gramática (M.GROSS, 1975, 1981), que adota critérios formais de descrição linguística. A classificação proposta é baseada no conjunto de verbos-suporte que cada nome predicativo seleciona, tanto na posição standard, quanto na posição conversa. Esse critério mostrou-se ser o mais adequado neste momento, pelo fato de os nomes predicativos constituírem um conjunto heterogêneo do ponto de vista sintático e semântico. As frases que exemplificam as construções conversas são validadas introspectivamente e por meio de um corpus, onde se pode identificar sua estrutura com maior precisão. Além disso, suas propriedades estruturais, distribucionais e transformacionais, são formalizadas em uma tábua do Léxico-Gramática, isto é, uma matriz binária em que cada linha corresponde a uma entrada lexical (ao nome predicativo) e cada coluna corresponde a uma propriedade formal da construção. Este estudo, portanto, visa a contribuir com a descrição linguística do português brasileiro, levando em consideração que esse tipo de construção foi estudada apenas para a língua francesa (G.GROSS, 1989), para o português europeu (BAPTISTA, 1997) e mais recentemente para a língua romena (CIOCANEA, 2011). A descrição de construções com verbo-suporte e nome predicativo pode colaborar na análise de textos, identificando as informações e a forma da estrutura, e consequentemente, enriquecendo a descrição da língua. Além de tudo, a representação dos resultados em matrizes binárias prevê uma descrição formal o suficiente para ser utilizada em aplicações no Processamento Automático da Língua Natural (PLN).

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-20T17:03:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPR.pdf: 3132789 bytes, checksum: 6b6f2ec0e10cd93b5a4a9a82a65265ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:41:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPR.pdf: 3132789 bytes, checksum: 6b6f2ec0e10cd93b5a4a9a82a65265ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:41:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPR.pdf: 3132789 bytes, checksum: 6b6f2ec0e10cd93b5a4a9a82a65265ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T18:41:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPR.pdf: 3132789 bytes, checksum: 6b6f2ec0e10cd93b5a4a9a82a65265ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This PhD thesis starts from the observation of constructions with the verb dar in Brazilian Portuguese and it proposes an analysis and classification of these constructions. The analysis of all constructions found in corpus is systematic and consistent, based on Transformational Grammar (HARRIS, 1964) and on Lexicon-Grammar approach (GROSS, 1975; GROSS, 1981). Both theories adopt formal and experimental criteria to make reproducible the identification of base sentences and the classification of constructions with the verb dar. The classification was based on structural and syntactic properties, leading to four classes or categories: (i) full verb or distributional verb, from which 8 verbal senses could be identified; (ii) causative operator verb, whose constructions could be subclassified in 4 groups, depending on the semantic type of the predicative noun; (iii) the verb as a fixed element, in idioms or in proverbs; and (iv) support verb, which is selected by a predicative noun. The first part of this thesis analyzes the constructions with the verb dar as a full verb, as a causative operator verb and as a fixed verb. The second part of this thesis debribes the support verb constructions (SVC), which are formed by the support verb dar (Vsup) and the predicative noun (Npred). This description is extensive, considering all the occurrences in the corpus adopted and identifying the main formal, distributional and transformational SVC properties. These properties were described and formalized in a Lexicon-Grammar table, which is a binary matrix: each line corresponds to a lexical entry (Npred) and each column corresponds to a syntactic property of the construction. In the intersection between each line and each column, we sign “+” or “-”, respectively, if the property is verified or not. The third part of the thesis presents an automatic syntactic analysis of SVC, by using an approach based in dependency rules between its constituents. The rules are automatically generated from the L-G matrix data and, then, those rules are used by the parser in order to extract the dependency between the Npred and the Vsup. Thus, this work aims to advance the state of the art of the general verbal classification in Portuguese and Automatic Processing of Natural Languages, to contribute to the development of computational-lexical resources (the Lexicon-Grammar of nominal constructions) and with automatic parsing. / Esta tese parte da observação das construções com o verbo dar em corpus em Português Brasileiro e propõe uma análise e classificação dessas construções, de forma sistemática e consistente, com base na Gramática Transformacional de operadores (HARRIS, 1964; HARRIS, 1978) e no modelo teórico-metodológico do Léxico-Gramática (GROSS, 1975; GROSS, 1981). Ambas as teorias adotam critérios formais/estruturais e procedimentos experimentais reprodutíveis para a identificação das frases de base e que adotamos para a classificação das construções com o verbo dar. A classificação dessas construções foi baseada em suas estruturas e propriedades sintáticas, tendo sido identificadas quatro categorias ou tipos de construções fundamentais em que esse verbo ocorre: (i) verbo pleno (distribucional), de onde se identificam 8 sentidos diferentes; (ii) verbo-operador causativo; (iii) o verbo constituinte de uma frase fixa, seja em expressões cristalizadas seja em provérbios; e (iv) verbo-suporte, um tipo particular de auxiliar que é selecionado por um nome predicativo. A primeira parte da tese analisa os três primeiros tipos sintático-semânticos do verbo dar (pleno, causativo e fixo). A segunda parte da tese analisa e descreve as construções com verbo-suporte (CVS), formadas pelo verbo-suporte (Vsup) dar e um nome predicativo (Npred). Essa descrição é sistemática, buscando recensear o máximo possível de construções em corpus e identificando as principais propriedades formais, distribucionais e transformacionais das CVS. As propriedades são formalizadas por meio de uma matriz de dados, a qual representa de maneira compacta a informação linguística relevante para a descrição dessas construções. A terceira parte da tese apresenta uma proposta de análise sintática automática das CVS, usando uma abordagem baseada em regras de dependência entre seus constituintes. As regras são geradas automaticamente a partir das informações constantes na matriz do L-G e, em seguida, são usadas pelo analisador sintático automático para extrair uma dependência entre o Npred e o Vsup ao identificar a CVS. Assim, este trabalho objetiva avançar o estado da arte da classificação geral dos verbos em Português e do Processamento Automático de Línguas Naturais, no sentido de contribuir com o desenvolvimento de recursos léxico-computacionais (o Léxico-Gramática das construções nominais) para a tarefa de análise sintática automática.

Ce travail vise à étudier les collocations à verbe support. Un phénomène qui a été introduit par Z. Harris (1964) et décrit par plusieurs chercheurs à la suite des travaux du laboratoire d’automatique documentaire et linguistique dirigés par M. Gross. L’un des principaux buts de ce travail est de savoir comment ces phénomènes sont construits et comment les modéliser et les anticiper. Il s’agira de donner les caractéristiques différenciant ce phénomène des autres constructions comme les locutions figées, en nous penchant sur sa charge sémantique considérée à tort comme vide de sens.Cette recherche est faite dans l’optique de créer un dictionnaire bilingue de verbes supports (arabe – français) (français – arabe). C’est en ce sens que cette recherche s’intéressera aussi à la traduction de ces verbes supports en arabe afin d’essayer de créer un nouveau type d’article dictionnairique spécialement conçu pour ces derniers. Pour créer cet article dictionnairique, nous chercherons à démontrer la possibilité de classer les noms prédicatifs et leurs verbes supports suivants des catégories. Les noms prédicatifs seront divisés suivant des catégories lexicales engendrées par une ontologie binaire construite avec quatre notions et dégageant onze catégories lexicales. Les verbes supports sont à leur tour divisés en catégories sémantiques de verbes supports « scénarios » suivants lesquelles ils sont classés et peuvent être anticipés. Ces scénarios répondront aux deux critères de la limitation en nombre de scénarios et de l’exhaustivité de l’application. / This work aims at studying light verb colocations. A phenomenon that was introduced by Z. Harris (1964) and described by several researchers following the lab work of automatic documentary and linguistics directed by M. Gross.One of the main goals of this work is to know how these phenomena are built and how to model them and anticipate them. It will cover the characteristics differentiating this phenomenon from the other constructions like idioms, by leaning on its semantic load considered wrongly as meaningless.This research is done with the aim of creating a bilingual dictionary of light verbs (Arabic - French) (French - Arabic). Therefore, this research will also focus on the translation of these Arabic verbs in order to try to create a new type of dictionary article specially designed for them.To create this dictionary article, we will try to demonstrate the possibility of classifying the predicative nouns and their following light verbs into categories. Predicative nouns will be divided into lexical categories generated by a binary ontology created with four notions and distinguishing eleven lexical categories.The light verbs will be divided into semantic categories of light verbs "scenarios" following which they are classified and can be anticipated. These scenarios will meet the two criteria of limiting the number of scenarios and entireness/exhaustiveness of the application.

Southern Sotho verbal relative clauses are, on discourse-pragmatic grounds, categorised as direct and indirect. The pragmatic factors that govern the occurrence of these two types of relatives within a particular discourse context are investigated. An analysis of relative clauses occurring in live conversations as well as in the dramas Bulane (Khaketla, 1983) and Tjootjo e tla hloma sese/a (Maake, 1992) reveals that direct relative clauses usually modify the reference of predicate nouns (i.e. nouns used as the complements of copulative predicates), while indirect relative clauses modify the reference of object nouns. Theories which suggest that both predicate as well as object nouns generally convey new information, but that the reference status of predicate nouns is non-specific indefinite, while that of object nouns is specific indefinite, are discussed. A hypothesis suggesting that there is an interrelationship between the reference status of a head noun and the type of relative by means of which it is qualified, is proposed. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Southern Sotho verbal relative clauses are, on discourse-pragmatic grounds, categorised as direct and indirect. The pragmatic factors that govern the occurrence of these two types of relatives within a particular discourse context are investigated. An analysis of relative clauses occurring in live conversations as well as in the dramas Bulane (Khaketla, 1983) and Tjootjo e tla hloma sese/a (Maake, 1992) reveals that direct relative clauses usually modify the reference of predicate nouns (i.e. nouns used as the complements of copulative predicates), while indirect relative clauses modify the reference of object nouns. Theories which suggest that both predicate as well as object nouns generally convey new information, but that the reference status of predicate nouns is non-specific indefinite, while that of object nouns is specific indefinite, are discussed. A hypothesis suggesting that there is an interrelationship between the reference status of a head noun and the type of relative by means of which it is qualified, is proposed. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)